Transcript Chapter 6

Think about that for a
minute….
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Notecard
 3x5
(any bigger you will be asked to trim it
or take 1letter grade less than earned)
 Put your name on it
 Handwritten
 Both sides
 Staple to exam
Numbered Heads

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
Count off at each table to 6
Make sure each person has at least one number (some
may have 2 numbers)
I have two different color die
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White will be table number
Green will be person to answer the question
I will ask a question/tell you how many points it’s worth
and whoever has the number I roll with the die will have
to answer it
You have 15 seconds to discuss as a group before I ask
for an answer.
Whichever group has the most points each teammate
will receive a biology buck
Topics can be about microscopes, cells v atoms,
prokaryotes v eukaryotes, or any of the functions of an
organelle
1 point
What is the function
of the Centriole?
Aid in the process of cell division
1 point
What is the function
of the Flagella?
Movement, temperature, and
chemical
1 point
What is the function
of the cilia?
•
Movement
http://yasutakegen677s13.weebly.com/primary-literature-review.html
1 point
What is the function
of the cytoskeleton?
•
Provides support; shape;
elasticity; protection
http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellstructure/intracellularcomponents/
tion1.rhtml
1 point
What is one function
of the
chromosomes?
•
•
•
Highly condensed DNA
Stores DNA, replicates DNA
Allows organisms to pass genetic
material to descendants
1 point
What is the function
of the lysosome?
•
Digests old damaged organelles, rids of
virus/bacteria; helps patch cell wall
membranes
1 point
What is one function
of the chloroplast?
•
Traps light energy and begins
the process of converting it to
chemical energy as (ATP)
Aly Devore
1 point
What is the function
of the golgi body?
•
Sorts & packages proteins
1 point
What is the major
function of the
Ribosomes?
•
Makes proteins
1 point
What is one function of
the endoplasmic
reticulum?
•
•
•
•
•
Transports proteins
Makes (synthesizes) protein molecules;
lipids; & fats (stabilizes membrane)
Helps breakdown compounds
Communicates btwn cells
Facilitates metabolism
Name at least one
1 point
function of the
vacuole?
•
•
•
•
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Isolates threats/harmful material
Contains waste
Contains water (plants)
Maintains pH
Exports unwanted materials
1 point
Why is the
mitochondria called
the “Powerhouse”?
•
Produce ATP; which is
chemical energy that the
cell can use
2 Questions
2 point
1.What is cytoplasm?
2.What does it do?
•
Jelly-like material fills the cell
• Keeps interior intact
• Transports energy and DNA
• Protects the organelles by
providing a buffer from
collisions with other cells
2 Questions
3 point
What is Chromatin?
•
Mass of DNA and proteins
What is it’s function?
• Condenses to form
chromosomes;
• Package; strengthen;
protects DNA
• Control gene expression
http://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/applications-technologies/epigeneticschromatin-structure
1 point
What is the function of
the cell membrane?
•
•
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Separates the interior from exterior
Allows ions & molecules into/out of the cell
Protects from outside forces
http://battleoftheorganelles.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-celebratory-cellmembrane-cause-its.html
1 point
What is the function
of the nuclear
membrane?
•
Separates genetic material
from cytoplasm
http://plantcellresortandspa.weebly.com/nuclear-membrane.html
1 point
What is the function
of the nucleus?
•
Maintain gene integrity;
control activities of cell;
control center
http://yasutakegen677s13.weebly.com/primary-literature-review.html
1 point
What is the function
of the cell wall?
•
Structural support; protects;
filters; prevent over expansion
due to the rigidity
3 Questions
3 point
What does macro mean?
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Large, many
What is a
macromolecule?
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Molecules with a hundreds or thousands of
molecules
How is that related to
organic molecules?
•
Organic molecules are macromolecules that contain
carbon
Which
2 point
macromolecule do
plants store energy
in?
• Carbohydrates
2 Questions
2 points
Which macromolecule
do animals store
energy in?
•
Lipids
Why?
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Store twice the amount of energy as
carbs, animals need energy to move
1 point
How can so many
proteins exist?
•
With 20 amino acids there
are many different
combinations that can be
made
3 point
Cells Versus Atoms what is
different about them?
• __________ are much larger than
_________. Cells, atoms
• _________ are composed of millions
of molecules. __________ are
essential to all life
Cells, cells
1 point
Cells Versus Atoms What is
similar about them?
• _________________ are the building
blocks for chemistry and
_________________ are the building
blocks for life
Atoms, cells
1 point
Carbon
is essential to life
because it has a unique
ability to:
Bond with other structures due to the
four available valence electrons
What are the most common
elements in living organisms?
1 point
Silicon
Nitrogen
What are the most common
elements in living organisms?
What are:
Sulfur
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
1 point
When
molecules are built in
chains or rings of carbon
atoms they are said to be
organic molecules or carbon-based
molecules
1 point
Carbohydrates,
lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids
are considered to be
What are types of organic molecules
or macromolecules
1 point
Also
known as fats or oils this
macromolecule aids in the building
of the cell membrane and stores
twice as much energy as
carbohydrates.
Lipids
1 point
This
macromolecule describes DNA
or RNA, is composed of nucleotides
are in important for coding
instructions for the cell processes.
Nucleic Acids
1 point
Commonly
called sugars
this organic/macromolecule
stores energy and aids in
support. Ex: Sugar, starch,
cellulose…
Carbohydrates
This
1 point
macromolecule is
composed of amino acids and
aids in cell membrane, sends/
receives messages, defenders
against disease, and helps build
hair/muscle/ skeleton….
Proteins
Simple
1 point
organism without
nucleus: an organism
whose DNA is not
contained within a nucleus,
e.g. a bacterium
Prokaryotes
Organisms
1 point
with visible nuclei:
any organism with one or
more cells that have visible
nuclei and organelles
Eukaryotes
____ have a cell wall
1 point
What are plants
____ have a centriole
1 point
What are Animals
___ have a
chloroplast
1 point
What are plants
Cell Anatomy: Animals versus
Plants
Plants and animal cells
have most of the same
organelles with a few
differences
1 point
The movement of molecules from
an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
diffusion
1 point
The movement of water from an
area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
osmosis
Movement Through
Membranes
Osmosis
Molecules go
through a
semipermeabl
e membrane.
Just add water
Diffusion
Molecules
Molecules spread over a
move around large area
to create an
equilibrium.
Move from
High to Low
concentrations
Everything but
water
The
boundary that separates
areas of high concentration
from areas of lower
concentration
1 point
Concentration Gradient
1 point
Requires energy to move from low
concentrations to high (moves
against or up the concentration
gradient)
Active Transport
Requires no energy to
move from high
1 point
concentrations to low
(moves down the
concentration gradient)
Passive Transport
1 point
Diffusion is what kind of
transport
Passive Transport
1 point
Osmosis is what kind of
transport
Passive Transport
2
point
Water?
Passive, Osmosis
2 point
Oxygen?
Passive, Diffusion
Moving against the concentration
gradient, from low concentrations to
higher concentrations, or because the
molecule is large, or because it’s
charged.
Active Transport
1 point
_______________is the 1 point
function of a cell
membrane that only allows
certain molecules to pass
through

Selective Permeability
Hypotonic Isotonic
Hypertonic
1 point
___________:
Concentration
of solutes is greater INSIDE
cell than outside
The cell is hypotonic, the
outside environment
becomes hypertonic
Hypotonic Isotonic
Hypertonic
___________:
1 point
Concentration
of solutes is equal inside cell
than outside
Both environments
inside/outside the cell
become isotonic
Hypotonic Isotonic
Hypertonic
___________:
1 point
Concentration
of solutes is smaller inside
cell than outside
The cell become
hypertonic and its
environment becomes
hypotonic
5 points
Daily Double
Why
it soyou
bad to
Why is
cant’
drink seawater?
drink
seawater?
Why is it so bad to drink seawater?
 There
is more water in your cells compared to
the external environment with salt water
solution.

Creating a hypertonic state inside the cell, with a higher
concentration gradient of water from cells moving
outward through osmosis.
 Water
will leave the cell through passive
transport leaving the cell to contract or shrink.
 You will become dehydrated, if the
dehydration continues you could die.

“because you can’t pull the water from the salt for your
body to use and it just builds up until you go insane and
talk to volleyballs”
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060908200142AAeutyW
Cell Division
Maximum
efficiency,
replace worn out or
damaged, and
multiplying so the
organism can grow
1 point
reasons for cell division
1 point
The process of cell division
where the daughter and
the parent cells are
identical
mitosis
What stage is
 Long
and active
cycle
 DNA and
chromosomes
are duplicated in
the nucleus
 Cell grows
What is
Interphase
1
point
it
What stage is 1itpoint
 Chromosomes
coil and become
shorter.
 Centrioles
(animal cells)
begin to move to
opposite ends of
the cell
 Nuclear
membrane
dissolves
What is
Prophase
What stage is 1itpoint
 Doubled
chromosomes
line up
 Cytoplasmic
fibers are now
attached to
each doubled
chromosome
at the
centromere
What is
Metaphase
What stage is 1itpoint
 Doubled
chromosomes
separate
 New
chromosomes
are pushed and
pulled to the
opposite ends of
the cell by the
cytoplasmic
fibers
What is
Anaphase
What stage is 1itpoint
 Chromosomes
approach the
ends and group
together
 New nuclear
membrane
What is
Telophase
What stage is 1itpoint
 Cytoplasm
divides
New cell
membrane forms
(cell wall laid
between new cells
in plants)
 The new cells enter
interphase
What is
Cytokinesis