Transcript What is SCADA? - MKS 2

SCADA
Current State
and
Perspective
Matthias Clausen, DESY
(A. Daneels, CERN)
9 - 12 Oct. 2000
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Overview
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What is SCADA (compared with DCS systems)
Where and Why are SCADA systems used
What do SCADA systems Provide?
Evolution
Benefits
Experience from DESY
Outlook
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Traditional Control
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Traditional Control 2nd
 Dedicated
Consoles
 Point to point communication
 No network
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No remote access
No remote diagnostic
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Distributed Control
Network Protocol
PLC’s
Field Bus
Field Bus-Integrator
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Distributed Control 2nd
 Advantages:
 Distributed databases/ programs created from a single
development environment (also in front end processor)
 Distributed access
 Distributed diagnostic
 Display ‘everything everywhere’
 Disadvantages:
 None of the DC systems are compatible to each other
 Difficult:
 Integration of various field bus components
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SCADA ?
Supervisory
Control
Data
Acquisition
And
Graphics and Batch processing
Archiving, Logging,
Access Control, Alarms
Distributed database
Data Server
Data Server
PLC’s
Field Bus
Control Programs
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What, Where and Why
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What is “SCADA”and where is it used
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Supervisory Controls And Data Acquisition
Application area :
 Industrial processes: chemical, power generation and distribution,
metallurgy, …
 Nuclear processes: reactors, nuclear waste, ...
 Experimental physics: Tokamaks, HEP laboratories
Application size:
 20 K I/O to 450 K I/O, two examples of 1 M I/O under development
Why SCADA systems were evaluated for LHC SLC ?
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Reduction of resources
CERN policy of “outsourcing”
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What do SCADA Provide?
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Flexible and open architecture
Basic SCADA functionality
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MMI
Alarm Handling and Trending
Access Control
Automation
Logging, Archiving, Report Generation
Interfaces to H/W and S/W
Development Tools
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Generic Software Architecture
SCADA Client
ASCII
Files
Commercial
DB
SCADA Developt. Environt.
ASCII
File
Editor
Graphics
Editor
Alarm
Display
Log
Display
Client / Server - Publish / Subscribe - TCP/ IP
SCADA Server
Recipe
RT & Event Manager
DB
Export
/
Import
Recipe Data Report
Alarm
Log
Archive
Gener.
Managt Proces
RT
SQL Alarm DB Log DB Archive DB
Ref.
DB
DB
ODBC
DDE
Data
API/DLL
R/W
Private
Driver OPC
EXCEL
Application
Driver
Toolkit
VME
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Trending
Library
Project
Editor
Commercial
Devel.
tool
MMI
Active X
Controls
Active X
Container
PLC
PLC
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SCADA functions (1): MMI
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SCADA functions (2)
 Alarm
Handling
 Based
on limit and status checking *
 More complicated expressions developed by creating derived
parameters *
 Alarms are time stamped and logically centralised *
 Notifications (audible, visual, Email, GSM)
 Multiple alarm priority levels
 Grouping of alarms and handling of groups is possible
 Suppression and masking of alarms either individually or as a
complete group
 Filtering of alarms is possible
* ! Experience @ DESY
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SCADA functions (3)
 Trending
 Multiple
trending charts
 Charts are pre-defined or configured on-line
 Charts contain multiple pens,
 Zooming, scrolling, panning, ‘Hairline’
 Real-time and historical trending
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SCADA functions (4)
 Access
Control
 Users
organised in groups with a set of allocated privileges
 Large number of groups possible
 Privileges limit write access to process parameters
 Some allow access to graphics and functionality to be
limited
 Automation
Actions can be initiated automatically triggered by an event *
 Recipes
 Sequencing and scripting possibilities
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* ! Experience @ DESY
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SCADA functions (5)
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Logging, Archiving
 Data
stored in compressed and proprietary format
 Logging / Archiving either for a set number of parameters or for
a set period of time
 Logging / Archiving can be frequency or event driven *
 Logging of user actions together with a user ID
 VCR facility for playback of stored data
 Report
Generation
 Reports
created using SQL type queries to the RTDB or logs
 Automatic generation, printing and archiving of reports
 Use of ‘components’ for report generation
* ! Experience @ DESY
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Interfaces to H/W and S/W
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H/W
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Multiple communication protocols supported in a single system
(in particular CERN supported Field busses)
Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME
S/W
 API
 ODBC,
DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
 OPC Client
 ActiveX Containers
 Web clients
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Development Tools
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Project editor
Graphics editor
Configuration through parameter
templates
Scripting language
Driver Development Tool Kit
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Evolution
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Frequent new versions
From “tag/ channel-based” to “device
oriented”
Multi-team development
Web technology, Active X, Java, etc.
OPC for internal communication
Etc
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Why is OPC Data Access
needed?
Display
Application
Software
Driver
Trend
Application
Software
Driver
Software
Driver
Report
Application
Software
Driver
How does OPC Solve the
Problem?
Display
Application
Trend
Application
Report
Application
OPC
OPC
OPC
OPC
Software
Driver
OPC
Software
Driver
OPC
Software
Driver
OPC
Software
Driver
Where does OPC Data Access Fit?
OPC (via DCOM)can also
be used between subsystems
and Management Consoles
OPC is generally used
between Monitoring
applications and I/O specific
software drivers
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Data Monitor
SubSystem
OPC
Device Specific
I/O Control
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Low level sensors
Typically use a dedicated
Hardware Interface and protocol
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Benefits of SCADA
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Standard frame for application
Rich functionality (50 - 100 p-yrs investment)
Reliability and Robustness (very large installed
base, mission critical processes)
Limited specific development
Technical support and maintenance
….. Etc
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Let’s go for it ! ???
More Aspects to take into Account:
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Configuration of SCADA Systems
Data Access Mechanism’s
DESY Experience:
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Namespace: flat vs. OO
System Load
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Network
Processor
Project Management
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Configuration
of SCADA Systems
Data Server
Data Server
PLC’s
Different Namespaces!!
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PLC
Configuration
of SCADA Systems 2nd
SCADA
Communication
Processor
Programs
•Analog-Input
•Value-AI-0
•Value-AI-1
•Analog-Output
•Value-AO-0
•Value-AO-1
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Mapping
Field Bus
•Analog-Input
•Vacuum_VALUE
•Pressure_VALUE
•Analog-Output
•Valve_1_OUT
•Heater_1_OUT
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Configuration
of SCADA Systems 3rd (Alarms)
SCADA
Data Server
•Analog-Input
•Vacuum_VALUE
•Pressure_VALUE
•Analog-Output
•Valve_1_OUT
•Heater_1_OUT
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Alarm Generation
(generic) Alarm scripts:
IF (Pressure_VALUE > Pressure_HIHI_ALARMVAL)
{Pressure_ALARM_HIHI=TRUE
Pressure_ALARM_STATE=CRITICAL
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR=RED }
IF (Pressure_VALUE < Pressure_LOLO_ALARMVAL)
{Pressure_ALARM_LOLO=TRUE
Pressure_ALARM_STATE=ATTETION
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR=BLUE }
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Winnings !!!
How many individual Tags did I create
up to now in my example?
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4
•Vacuum_VALUE
•Pressure_VALUE
•Valve_1_OUT
•Heater_1_OUT
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10
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Pressure_VALUE
Pressure_HIHI_ALARMVAL
Pressure_ALARM_HIHI
Pressure_ALARM_STATE
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR
4
Pressure_VALUE
Pressure_LOLO_ALARMVAL
Pressure_ALARM_LOLO
Pressure_ALARM_STATE
Pressure_ALARM_COLOR
2
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Data Access Mechanism's
Alarm Server
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Alarm Server typically poll
data from the data server
( -> impact on network bandwidth)
Data Server
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Data from field buses are
mainly polled
Asynchronous protocols are
difficult to handle
Field Bus
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DESY Experience 1st
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Namespace
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Individual tags for each property blow up the namespace
Flat namespaces of thousands of tags can not be properly
handled without adequate tools
Latest SCADA technology clearly shows the trend to support the
definition of objects which cleans up the namespace
System Load
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Additional –non standard- features like
 calculating alarms for each channel
 temperature conversions ( 6th grade polynomial)
... can cause a lot of overhead which needs to be taken into
account for the calculation of the system load on process
controllers ( here: in a SCADA-like DCS system)
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DESY Experience 2nd
 Project Management
 Small systems can be easily handled with in-house
personal
 Big systems (several thousand of channels) should be
coordinated by an engineering office because of:
 The coordination of the Field Bus (PLC) databases and the
SCADA databases
 The knowledge of the various tools which come along with a
SCADA system
 One of the main arguments for SCADA systems is:
outsourcing
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Let’s go for it ! ???
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Utility controls @ DESY use EPICS as a SCADA system
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H1 is going to use PVSS for their slow controls
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There‘s no alternative for big projects like TESLA
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Various subsystems can be controlled by SCADA systems:
 Utility Controls (water, energy, air, heating...)
 Cryogenic Controls (cryogenic plants, cryogenic distribution)
 Vacuum Systems (insulation vacuum, beam vacuum)
Special developments i.e. for RF control should have a ‚SCADAaware‘ design
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Is SCADA the only Future ? ...
New Technology: JetWeb
Each node is an individual Web Server
All nodes and all I/O hooked up to the Ethernet
... probably not, but a very attractive one.
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That’s all Folks
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SCADA functionality (1)
 MMI
 Library
of "generic" symbols with TAG links
 Dynamic linking of parameters to graphics
 On-line configuration and customisation of MMI
 Links can be created between display pages
 Animation and multimedia facilities
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SCADA functions (2):
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Alarm Handling
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SCADA functions (3): Trending
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SCADA related Engineering:
Examples
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Define:
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hierarchies and partitions and their distribution over the
network
user groups and their access rights
naming convention for devices, etc.
library of objects (PLC, devices, subsystems, ...)
templates for different categories of "panels"
mechanism to prevent conflicting controls (if not provided
with the SCADA)
alarm levels, behaviours,
etc.
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Hardware Architecture
Client
Dedicated
Server
Client
Ethernet
Data
Server
Data
Server
Fieldbus
Controller
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Controller
Fieldbus
Controller
Controller
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