Transcript Document

The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle
• Essential Question:
• How does water change state and move around on
Earth?
Purpose:
1. Describe the water cycle.
2. Describe the different processes of the water
cycle that occur on Earth.
VOCABULARY
Word
Water cycle
Evaporation
Transpiration
Sublimation
Condensation
Precipitation
Definition
In your own words
Picture
What is the Water Cycle?
Movement of water
between the
atmosphere, land,
oceans, and living
things makes up the
water cycle.
Water Flow
Gravity:
Responsible for the precipitation falling from atmosphere.
Water flows downward in rivers,
streams and waterfalls
If land is flat form ponds, lakes
and marshlands; will collect
underground by seeping
through soil called
groundwater.
Upward movement as water
vapor and carried by wind; wind
is also responsible for ocean
currents.
Visualize pg. 16 of book
State Change
(not from New Jersey to New York)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
How does water change state?
• Changes state as energy is released or
absorbed
 As water absorbs energy from its surroundings,
melting, change from solid to liquid.
 Water absorbs energy as it evaporates, changes
from liquid to gas.
 Water absorbs energy from it surroundings,
sublimation, from solid to gas.
How does water change state?
• Water releases energy into its surroundings as it
condenses, from gas to liquid.
• Water release energy as it freezes, from a liquid to a
solid.
• Water releases energy as it deposits, from a gas to a
solid
NO WATER IS LOST DURING PHASE CHANGES
Do page 17 “Visualize It!”
How does water reach the
atmosphere?
• Water reaches the atmosphere in one of 3
ways:
1. Evaporation
2. Transpiration
3. Sublimation
IT TAKES A LOT OF ENERGY FOR A LIQUID OR SOLID TO
TURN INTO WATER VAPOR
Where does the energy come from to change a liquid or a solid
to a gas?
The Sun
How does water reach the
atmosphere?
• Evaporation: occurs when liquid water changes to
water vapor
• 90% of water vapor in atmosphere comes from evaporation
• Some comes from the land but most comes from oceans
• Oceans receive most of solar energy from sun
• Transpiration: release of water vapor into the air by
plants
• Liquid water turns to water vapor inside the plant
• Water vapor is released through tiny holes in the plant called the
stomata
How does water reach the
atmosphere?
• Sublimation: solid water changes directly to
water vapor without becoming a liquid first
•
•
•
•
Occurs when wind blows over ice or snow
Low pressure
Very cold
Small amount of water in the atmosphere comes from
sublimation
• #9 page 18
What do A, B, and C represent?
What happens to water in the
atmosphere?
Water reaches the atmosphere as water vapor
• To leave must change to liquid or solid
WHY?
• Liquid or solid can fall to Earth’s surface
What happens to water in the
atmosphere?
• Condensation: change in state of water from
gas to liquid
• Occurs when water is cooled enough
• Latches on small particles to little balls or droplets of
water
• Droplets float in air as clouds, fog or mist
• On ground will condense as dew.
What happens to water in the
atmosphere?
• Precipitation: any form of water that falls to
Earth from the clouds
• Droplets “stick” together to become larger and fall to
surface
• 4 common types: rain, sleet, snow, hail
• Most falls in oceans—why?
Where most of water evaporates from
• How does precipitation fall on land?
Winds carry clouds from ocean over land
Pg. 19 10 and 11
How does water move on land and in
the oceans?
• After water falls to the surface, it flows and
circulates all over the Earth
• Water flows downhill on the surface and underground
on land
• Most precipitation falls into the ocean; currents move
ocean water
Runoff and Infiltration
What causes water on land to flow downhill?
Gravity
• Streams, rivers and the water that flows over
land are types of runoff
• Flows downhill toward oceans, lakes, and marshlands
• Water on land that seeps into the ground is
called infiltration
• Flows downhill through soil and rock
Pg.20 #12
Ice Flow
Most ice located in Greenland and Antarctica—some stored in glaciers all over
Earth
Glaciers:
cover approximately 10% of Earth
Called “Rivers of Ice”
Gravity causes glaciers to flow
downhill
May never leave land
May flow to the ocean and
break apart to form icebergs
Ocean Circulation
Winds move ocean water on the
surface in currents over long
distances.
If water is cold or salty, water
will sink deep into the ocean
to help create currents
Surface currents and deep
ocean currents transports
large amounts of water
from ocean to ocean
Pg. 20 #13
What does water cycle transport?
• Water cycle transports:
• energy
How? (Turn and Talk)
• matter
How? (Turn and Talk)
• Energy is transported through change of state and by
water movement.
• Matter is transported around world by:
• Ocean currents
• Rivers
• Glaciers
Pg. 21 #15
Identify the processes in the picture