Transcript Title

Introduction to Climate Change and
Community-Based Adaptation (CBA)
Andrew Crane-Droesch
CBA Project Coordinator
Energy and Environment Group
Bureau for Development Policy
UNDP
© 2009 UNDP. All Rights Reserved Worldwide.
Proprietary and Confidential. Not For Distribution Without Prior Written Permission.
Overview
Presentation Outline
1. Climate Change Basics
2.What is climate change adaptation?
3.What is the Community-Based Adaptation (CBA)
project?
4.How will UNVs work with CBA?
1
Climate Change Basics
The Greenhouse Effect
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/page/3058.aspx
2
Climate Change Basics
Greenhouse Gas
(GHG) Emissions
Humans are enhancing
the Earth’s natural
greenhouse effect
through:
•Burning fossil fuels-coal,
oil, natural gas (about
80%)
•Land use changescutting forests, clearing
land (about 20%)
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/greenhouse-gas-ghg-emissions-by-source-2004
3
Climate Change Basics
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations are increasing
Global temperatures
are closely linked
with levels of GHGs
in atmosphere,
especially carbon
dioxide (CO2)
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/
4
Climate Change Basics
Climate change is already being observedTemperatures are rising with atmospheric CO2
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/
5
Climate Change Basics
The future
Unless
emissions
are
reducedthere will be
more
warming
and
changes
will
accelerate
Projected surface temperature increases from 2000 to 2100.
AR4, SPM Synthesis Report, based on A1B scenario
6
Climate Change Basics
Temperature increases
•Severity of
temperature
increase depend
on GHG
emissions levels
•Scenarios help
scientists
examine
different
predictions for
the future
http://www.cics.uvic.ca/scenarios/img/figspm-5_temp.gif
7
Climate Change Basics
Rising
Temperatures
6º
Changes in:
- Rainfall
- Soil evaporation
- Physical geography, landscapes
- Sea level
- Extreme weather
1.5º
8
Climate Change Basics
Sea Level Rise
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/
9
Climate Change Basics
Changes in precipitation
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/
10
Climate change impacts will be different everywhere
However, there are many common themes
1111
Climate Change Basics
How climate change impacts will be felt
Stronger hurricanes
and cyclones threaten
coastal areas
http://vincentloy.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/cyclonenargistmo2008122rev1.jpg
http://kenmac.me.uk/assets/images/Journal/Samoa%20North%20Coast%20Road.jpg
12
Climate Change Basics
How climate change impacts will be felt
More
heatwaves
and warmer
temperatures,
especially at
night
Droughts
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/apr/14/global-warming-target-2c
13
Climate Change Basics
How climate change impacts will be felt
Stronger
storms,
more
variable
rainfall,
and sea
level rise
increase
risk of
floods
http://southasia.oneworld.net/ImageCatalog/bihar-floods.jpg-3
14
Climate Change Basics
How climate change impacts will be felt
Sea-level
rise
threatens
coastal
areas,
especially
small
islands
http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/climate/
15
Climate change impacts summary
Changes in forest
composition,
extent, health &
productivity
PUBLIC
HEALTH
Climate Change Basics
Variability in water supply, quality
and distribution. More competition
and cross-border conflicts over
water resources
AGRICULTURE FORESTRY
Increasing incidents of
infectious, water-borne and
vector-borne diseases, heat
stress & mortality, additional
public health costs
WATER
RESOURCES
Erosion,
inundation,
salinisation, stress
on mangroves,
marshes, wetlands
COASTAL
SYSTEMS
Less predictability in crop
yield, changing irrigation
demand, growing risk of pest
infestations
ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
Loss of habitat,
species and
protective
ecosystems,
migratory shifts
16
Climate Change Basics
How climate change threatens development
Risks to Millennium Development Goals
•Droughts, floods, and increased
temperatures undermine food security
•Infrastructure loss and displacement
makes it harder to educate children
•Declining availability of food and
potable water place additional
burdens on women
•Climate changes negatively
impact natural resources and
productive ecosystems
•Increased temperatures spread
disease and endanger public health
http://southasia.oneworld.net/ImageCatalog/mdg-logo.jpg-1
17
What is adaptation?
“…adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects, that moderates harm and
exploits beneficial opportunities.”
…a process by which individuals, communities, and countries seek to
cope with the consequences of climate change, including variability.
Examples:
• Addressing water scarcity
that jeopardizes safe
drinking water and
agriculture
IPCC TAR, UNDP Adaptation Policy Framework
18
What is adaption?
• Coping with
excessive water,
including from
floods and sea-level
rise
• Reducing disaster
risks from stronger
weather events
http://www.ramsar.org/pictures/wwd2006-malaysia01.jpg
19
What is adaptation?
•Helping
agriculture thrive in
the face changing
climatic conditions
• Improving health
systems to
address climaterelated diseases
and other health
impacts
http://mcc.org/images/world/latinamerica/mexico.jpg
20
What is adaptation?
Climatic variations
How adaptation helps communities deal with
climate-related problems
Time
21
Adaptation must be planned as a development goal
Move from short-term and ad hoc toward longer-term &
deliberative adaptation
Longer-term
Adaptation
ad hoc
deliberative
Historical
experience
Short-term
22
Mitigation and adaptation are complementary
Global Climate Change
Mitigation:
reduces
emissions,
reduces
magnitude
of climate
change
Greenhouse
gas emissions
Climate change
impacts
Adaptation:
reduces
vulnerability
to climate
change
impacts;
reduces
losses
23
Why Community-Based Adaptation?
Climate change is global, but
impacts are regional and
local
•Impacts will affect different
communities differently based on
their specific circumstances
…so, solutions must be
locally specific
•CBA is community-driven
•CBA is the grass-roots component
of climate change adaptation
•CBA will respond to locally specific
needs, and develop lessons for
global and national stakeholders to
further adaptation practice
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The Community-Based Adaptation Project
National Governments
Private Sector
UN System
Policy Change
Global Learning
UNDP Climate Change
Adaptation Team
Project development support
Technical Support
Capacity Building for Field Teams
Implementation
M&E
Key Statistics
•$4.5 Million + Co-financing
•10 Countries
Evidence-Based
Policy Support
SGP Country Programs
National Coordinators and Committees
Project
Development
Projects
•Up to $50K per community project
•14 projects currently under
implementation
•25 projects under preparation
•50 Projects under implementation
expected by in of 2009
Community Based Organizations
Local NGOs
Projects are based on community
priorities and led by communities
Community-Based
Adaptation Projects
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25
CBA Projects
UNDP CBA Projects are:
• Aimed at addressing climate
•
•
•
•
change risks
Address both present and
future climate risks, as well as
anticipatory activities
Driven by communities –
CBOs and NGOs are the
grantees and manage project
funds
Generally capped at $50K,
plus co-financing
Average length between 1-2
years
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CBA Country Programs
UNDP’s CBA program builds on the of the
UNDP-GEF Small Grants Program,
comprising:
• The National Coordinator
• National Steering/Coordinating
Committee
• Technical support and coordination
from HQ
2727
CBA Projects and the SPA
SPA-funded
CBA Projects
are:
Community-Driven
Priorities
Communitydriven …
Generate global
environmental
benefits
Address climate
change risks
CBA
Climate
Change
Adaptation
Priorities
Global
Environmental
Benefits
The CBA project
will operate where
all three of these
priorities intersect
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Outcome 1: Local Level
Key Project Outcomes
Enhanced adaptive capacity allows communities to reduce their vulnerability to
adverse impacts of future climate change driven risks
– Community-level capacity building and awareness-raising on climate change
– Portfolio of 8-20 adaptation projects per country, in 10 countries
Outcome 2: National Level
National policies and programs promote replication of best practices derived from
CBA projects
– Dissemination/promotion of lessons learned at the national level
– Involvement of policymakers in CBA projects and processes
Outcome 3: Global Level
Cooperation among member countries promotes innovation in adaptation to climate
change including variability
– Transboundary learning, based on best practices identified by communities
– Lessons learned on CBA transmitted to global stakeholders, including GEF-secretariat
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Implementation Status
Initial Grantee
Outreach
Project Concepts
Under Development
Projects In Planning
Projects in
Implementation
Bangladesh
Commencing 2009
Commencing 2009
Commencing 2009
Commencing 2009
Bolivia
Ongoing
3 Concepts in
Development
None at Present
3 Projects Under
Implementation
Guatemala
Ongoing
3 Concepts in
Development
2 Projects Under
Preparation
Commencing 2009
Jamaica
Ongoing
1 Concept in
Development
3 Project Under
Preparation
2 Projects Under
Implementation
Kazakhstan
All funds pipelined
All funds pipelined
5 Projects Under
Preparation
5 Projects Under
Implementation
Morocco
Ongoing
None at present
2 Projects Under
Preparation
Commencing 2009
Namibia
Ongoing
Note at present
Note at present
Niger
Ongoing
2 Concepts in
Development
3 Projects Under
Preparation
1 Project Under
Implementation
2 Projects Under
Implementation
Samoa
Ongoing
None at Present
8 Projects Under
Preparation
1 Project Under
Implementation
Viet Nam
Ongoing
4 Concepts in
Development
2 Projects Under
Preparation
Commencing 2009
3030
Thanks
For more information:
[email protected]
www.undp-adaptation.org/project/cba
www.undp.org/climatechange/adapt
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