Transcript Middle East Government Systems

Middle East Government Systems
Government/Civics Understandings SS7CG4 The student will compare
and contrast various forms of government.
a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary,
confederation, and federal.
b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation:
autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.
c. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments:
parliamentary and presidential.
SS7CG5 The student will explain the structures of the national
governments of Southwest Asia (Middle East).
a. Compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel, the
monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the theocracy of the
Islamic Republic of Iran, distinguishing the form of leadership and the
role of the citizen in terms of voting rights and personal freedoms.
There are two main ways to think about governments:
1. Government divides power among itself. Who has power
the central government or regional (state ) government?
Examples of this are Unitary, Confederation, and Federal
governments.
2. Government shares power with the citizens. This is called
Citizen Participation. If one person has all the power
citizen participation is low, if many people have power
(can vote) citizen participation is high.
Governments ALWAYS
• Divide power among themselves (Central and Regions)
• Divide power between the government and people
(citizen participation).
You need to know both for all governments studied.
How government
divides power to
itself
Central Power
Unitary:
Confederation
Federation
Has all power
Has little or no
power
Shares power
with
Regional/State
power
Regional / State Very limited
Hold MOST
Power
power, given by power
Central
government
Citizen
Participation
Shares power
with Central /
Federal power
Autocracy
Oligarchy
Democracy
Number of
people in
Government
1
few
Most
Role of
Citizen
Participation
None
Small or
small
number of
people
Almost all
Unitary
Power is held by one central power:
Regional
Authority
Regions may have limited power given to them
by the state
Regional
Authority
Central
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Confederation
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Central
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Voluntary association of independent
states that often only delegate a few
powers to the central authority.
•Less binding than a federation.
•
Federation / Federal
Regional
Power is divided between
one central and several
regional authorities.
Regional
Authority
Authority
Central
Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Power is shared between States (regional
authorities) and Central Government
Authority
Oligarchic
large Citizen Participation
Autocratic
Government Power shared
by many
Some General
Citizens’
Participation
Government Power by few
No Citizen Participation
Government Power by 1
Citizen Participation
Democracy
Autocratic
One person possesses
unlimited power.
The citizen has limited, if
any, role in government.
Autocracy
• The oldest form of
government.
•Maintain power through
inheritance or ruthless use of
military and police power.
•Types:
 Dictatorship
Monarchy
• There is little or NO citizen
participation
Oligarchy
Government by the few.
The citizen has a very
limited role.
•The group gets its power from
military power, social power,
wealth, religion or a
combination.
• Political opposition is usually
suppressed- sometimes
violently.
• Examples- Communist
countries such as China or
Nobility in Medieval
Europe
Democracy
People play greater role in deciding
government leaders, often by voting.
Presidential:
A system of government
in which the president is
constitutionally
independent of the
legislature.
President is elected
directly by people.
Parliamentary:
People vote for the
Political party they feel
best represents their
views.
May have a Prime
Minister elected
by the legislature.
Monarchy:
Saudi Arabia
King is the
political leader
by right of birth
called hereditary
monarchy.
Parliamentary
Democracy
:
.
Theocracy:
Iran
Israel
Government in which a
People elect a political
Deity (God) is
party which is
recognized as the
represented in the
ruler. Usually has
Knesset (legislative
“representative” who
branch) and the
speaks for God and
Prime minister is the
acts as King.
leader