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JPIC Working Group on Trafficking in Women and
Children
The Group was
constituted in
April 1999 after
a public
meeting with
Sr. Lea
Ackermann
MSOLA,
foundress of
Solidarity with
Women in
Distress
(SOLWODI ).
It was convoked by Frans Thoolen, SMA
The Religious Congregations
represented in the Group
MMB SM
MX SMA
had
members
in the past
HFB – Holy Family of Bordeaux
IBVM – Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
RGS – Religious of Good Shepherd
MC – Missionarie della Consolata
FSC - Fratres Scolarum Christianarum
SSND – School Sisters of Notre Dame
OLA – Our Lady of the Apostles
FMA – Figlie di Maria Ausiliatrice
SHCJ – Society of the Holy Child Jesus
RNDM – Our Lady of the Missions
RSHM – Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary
RJM – Religious of Jesus and Mary
OLC – Our Lady of Charity
SDNSC – Daughters of O. Lady of the Sacred Heart
BSG – The Brothers of St. Gabriel
The aims of the Working Group:
To raise awareness, share information,
build networks and facilitate action at
pastoral and structural level to combat
specific human rights violations
To provide education through materials,
counselling and reintegration
programmes from the perspective of
prevention and direct assistance to
women victims of trafficking
Some members of the Group
from Educational
Congregations set out working
on the kit in 2001
This kit provides
an overview of
some of the main
issues regarding
trafficking in
women and
children and
outlines possible
strategies for
religious
congregations to
network and
work together to
combat
trafficking
It also offers
an opportunity to bring this serious and
urgent issue of trafficking into the open
specific information from official
documents from the United Nations,
reports and articles from various
organisations who work in the field of
trafficking
resources for theological
reflection
workshop ideas at the end of each section
and in a separate appendix
The Kit has seven sections identifiable
by colours
Who are
trafficked?
Stories of those
who are trafficked
“You can’t use
my real name. Or
even the name
they gave me in
China. I don’t
even know what
my name should
be. I am not the
same person who
left this village
two years ago.
My body came
back but my soul
is somewhere
else.”
When Ngun Chai sold his
13 year old daughter into
prostitution for the price
of a TV set, he had one
regret – that he did not
get enough money for her
Gjin Lieshi lost two
daughters – one was 15
and the other 17. He says
that they were taken by
two men who promised to
marry them. Instead the
girls wound up as
teenage prostitutes on
the streets of Italy
Berta comes from the
small town of Sapele
in the Delta state,
bordering on Edo
(Nigeria). An
acquaintance
approached her and
asked if she would like
to work with his sister,
who owned a
hairdressing shop in
Germany. Instead
Berta was taken to
Italy, was given a
skimpy clothes and
told to get to work.
An accepted international
definition of trafficking is
given in the UN Protocol
to Prevent, Suppress and
Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially
Women and Children
supplementing the
Convention Against
Transnational Organised
Crime
«"Trafficking in persons" shall
mean the recruitment,
transportation, transfer,
harbouring or receipt of
persons, by means of the threat
or use of force or other forms of
coercion, of abduction, of fraud,
of deception, of the abuse of
power or of a position of
vulnerability or of the giving or
receiving of payments or
benefits to achieve the consent
of a person having control over
another person, for the purpose
of exploitation»
•Marginalised women and
children
•Ethnic minorities
• Indigenous people and
hill tribes
•Refugees and illegal
migrants
•Illiterate women, runaway girls
The Magnitude of the
Problem
Between 700,000 to two million persons are
trafficked each year
The Magnitude of the Problem
The largest number of victims come from Asia,
with over 225,000 victims each year from
South-East Asia and over 150,000 from South
Asia.
The former
Soviet
Union is
said to have
become the
largest new
source, with
over
100,000
trafficked
for
prostitution
and sexual
exploitation.
The Magnitude of the Problem
The Magnitude of the Problem
75,000 or more are
trafficked from
Eastern Europe
The Magnitude of the Problem
200,000 to 500,000 women are trafficked from Latin
America to the United States and Europe each year
The Magnitude of the
problem
Another
50,000 are
said to be
from the
African
continent
A look into the supply
and demand factors
with a focus on the
socio-cultural,
economic and political
aspects of life.
Socio cultural
Patriarchy
Illiteracy
Inadequate educational and
employment opportunities
Erosion of traditional family
values
Racial discrimination, racism
and related intolerance
Media and new technologies
Socio-cultural
Patriarchy
Pornography and its role in
the growth in demand for
sex
Male attitudes and
perceptions of women in
society
Consumerist behaviour
with the commercialisation
and commodification of
women’s bodies
Economic
Economic disparities
Feminisation of poverty
Globalisation and its
differential impact on
women
Economic liberalisation
A lucrative business with
high monetary returns
Downfall of communist
regimes in Eastern and
Economic
Demand by employers for
an unskilled and cheap
labour market
Confinement of women's
labour in the domestic and
entertainment spheres and
in the informal sector
Increased
commercialisation of sex
Development policies and
patterns that depend on
temporary migrant workers
Political
Feminisation of
international migration
Civil and military
conflicts
Growth of transnational
crime
Weak law enforcement
mechanisms
Corruption of police
and law enforcers
Political
Military bases with its
enormous prostitution
infrastructure
Unequal and exploitative
political and economic
relations
Restrictive migration
policies
Sales of arms and
increased armed conflicts
Weak law enforcement
Mechanisms of trafficking:
are widespread, complex,
underground and are often
out of the reach of the legal
system
constantly changing and
often follow migration
patterns
have extensive complicity of
corrupt State officials
facilitated by technological
advances such as telephone,
fax, internet
Techniques of
trafficking:
traffickers enlist the help of
local persons and villagers
to identify vulnerable
families
direct sale: women and
children are sold to
traffickers by parents or
other family members
deceit, debt bondage,
kidnap, falsification of
documents, bribes
transportation: women and
children are transported by
foot, motorcycles, minibuses and pick-up vans,
Red Section
1.Theological
Reflection
2.Strategies for
Religious
Congregations
This section offers a means for
exploring our theological
tradition, where we find rich
sources that:
Promote the dignity of
women
Red Section
Acknowledges human
sexuality as a gift
Condemn exploitation and
slavery
Call for mutual respect in
the relationship between
women and men
Invite us to work for the
liberation of those who are
enslaved
I ask your pardon
in the name of all
of us women,
because we left
you alone on the
streets to live your
drama of solitude,
anguish and fear
through our
indifference and
silence.
…..the Church
desires to give
thanks to the Most
Holy Trinity for the
"mystery of woman"
and for every woman
- for that which
constitutes the
eternal measure of
her feminine dignity,
for the "great works
of God", which
throughout human
history have been
accomplished in and
through her (MD#31).
The trade in human persons
constitutes a shocking offence
against human dignity and a
grave violation of fundamental
human rights.
….the selling of women and
children and disgraceful working
conditions …constitute “a
supreme dishonour to the
Creator”.
Such situations are an affront to
fundamental values that are
shared by all cultures and
peoples, values rooted in the
very nature of the human
person.
Research, data collection,
and dissemination of
information
Strategies
for
Religious
Congregations
and
their
Collaborators
Awareness raising and
advocacy
Prevention
Protection, return, and
reintegration
Advocacy and lobbying of
governments
Networking
The section analyses the
movement of women and
children who are
trafficked across borders
for the purpose of sexual
exploitation. The
traffickers prey on
vulnerable women and
children in the poorer
countries of origin, taken
through transit countries
to meet the demands of
men in the countries of
destination
Green Section
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and Children:
Africa Routes
Green
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and
Children: South America Routes
Green
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and Children:
South East Asia Routes
Green
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and Children:
USA Routes
Green
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and Children:
Russia Routes
Green
Trafficking of Persons, Especially Women and
Children:
Australia Routes
Green
International Standards
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS – 1948
INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS
DECLARATION AND
PROGRAMME OF ACTION
OF INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCES
Orange Section
Permanent
International
Criminal Court Rome Statute 1998
Networks (as at
2003)
of
Religious
Groups Working
Against
Trafficking in
Women
and Children
SOLWODI
WRTV
COLWOD
Good Shepherd Sisters
USMI - Mobilità Etnica Settore "Tratta“
COSUDOW – Nigerian
Women Religious
Co-ordinamento
Nazionale contro la
Tratta di donne e
minori
Coatnet
Goals of a 5 hour workshop
Pink Section
to introduce the magnitude of
the problem of trafficking
to examine the underlying
causes
to engage in theological
reflection
to identify ways in which
participants can get involved in
preventative or rehabilitative
action
The Working Group hopes that this kit will
serve as a catalyst for further study and
action at local, national and global levels
Caritas Internazionalis
JPIC Commission of the USG/UISG
SSND – School Sisters of Notre Dame
SHCJ – Society of the Holy Child Jesus
Alain Damiani
Julieta Egui Sánchez FMA
JPIC Working Group on Trafficking in Women and Ch
Presentation prepared by: Bernadette Sangma FMA
Rome, May 2003