Transcript Slides - Georgia Tech OSHA Consultation Program

Machine, Fall and
Other Hazards in the
Grain Handling Industry
Paige Rohrig
Georgia Tech Research Institute
404-407-8082
Introduction
• “Other” Hazards at Grain Handling Facilities
• Machine Hazards
• Fall Hazards
• Energy Source Hazards / Lockout-Tagout (LOTO)
Machine Hazards in Grain Handling
Where machine hazards occur:
• Point of operation
• Mechanical power transmission
• Other moving parts
In-Running Nip Points
Rotating
cylinders
Belt and
pulley
Chain and
sprocket
Rack and
pinion
Requirements for Safeguards
• Prevent contact - prevent worker’s body or clothing
from contacting hazardous moving parts
• Secure - firmly secured to machine and not easily
removed
• Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects
can fall into moving parts
• Create no new hazards - must not have shear points,
jagged edges or unfinished surfaces
• Create no interference - must not prevent worker from
performing the job quickly and comfortably
• Allow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricate
the machine without removing the safeguards
Methods of Machine Safeguarding
 Physical Guards
 Devices
 Location/Distance
Guards
• Fixed - Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the
machine, preferable to all other types of guards
• Interlocked - When this type of guard is opened or
removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power
automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine
cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in
place.
• Adjustable - Provides a barrier which may be adjusted
to facilitate a variety of production operations
• Self-adjusting - Provides a barrier which moves
according to the size of the stock entering the danger
area.
Machine Guarding
29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1)
 One or more methods of machine
guarding shall be provided to
protect the operator and other
employees in the machine area
from hazards such as those
created by the point of operation,
in-going nip points, rotating parts,
flying chips and sparks.
Machine Guarding
• The following must be guarded if 7 feet or less from
the floor or working platform:
• Horizontal, vertical and inclined shafting
• Pulleys
• Horizontal belts
• Chains and sprockets
• Projecting shaft ends must present a smooth edge and
end and can not project more than ½ the diameter of
the shaft unless guarded by non-rotating caps or
safety sleeves
Belts and Pulleys
More guarding needed
Machine Guarding
Which Screw Auger is guarded?
Fall Hazards – Definitions (1910.21)
 (a)(1) – Floor hole: <12”& >1”
 (a)(2) – Floor opening: >12” in least dimension
 (a)(10) - Wall hole: <30”& >1”high
 (a)(11) - Wall Opening:  30” H & 18”W
Receiving Pit with a
missing grate
Aisles
• Sufficient safe clearance maintained where
mechanical handling equipment is used
• Aisles and passageways kept clear and in good
repairs
• No obstruction across or in aisles that could create a
hazard
• Permanent aisles and passageways shall be
appropriately marked
Floor Loading
• Floor load ratings must be posted in a conspicuous
place to which they relate
Floor Openings
 Every stairway floor
opening must be guarded
by a standard railing
 Railing must be provided
on all exposed sides
(except at entrance to
stairway)
Floor Openings
• Every pit and trapdoor floor opening, infrequently
used, guarded by a floor opening cover of standard
strength and construction.
• While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap opening
constantly attended by someone or protected on all
exposed sides by removable standard railings.
Floor Openings
YES!
 Every ladderway floor opening
or platform must be guarded by
a standard railing with standard
toeboard on all exposed sides
(except at entrance to opening),
with the passage through the
railing either provided with a
swinging gate or so offset that a
person cannot walk directly into
the opening
NO!
Wall Openings
• Every wall opening from which there is a drop of more
than 4 feet shall be guarded by one of the following:
• Rail, roller, picket fence, half door, or equivalent barrier
Open-sided Floors
 Every open-sided floor or platform
4 feet or more above adjacent
floor or ground level must be
guarded by a standard railing on
all open sides except where there
is entrance to a ramp, stairway, or
fixed ladder
 All open-sided floors, walkways,
platforms, or runways above or
adjacent to dangerous equipment,
guarded with a standard railing
and toe board
Open-sided Floors
 The railing must be
provided with a toeboard
wherever, beneath the open
sides,
 (i)Persons can pass,
 (ii)There is moving machinery,
or
 (iii)There is equipment with
which falling materials could
create a hazard
toeboard
Railings
 A standard railing consists
of top rail, intermediate rail,
and posts
 Have a vertical height of 42
inches nominal from upper
surface of top rail to floor
 The top rail smoothsurfaced
 The ends of the rails shall
not constitute a projection
hazard
Stairways
 Every flight of stairs having
four or more risers shall be
equipped with standard stair
railings or standard
handrails
 A stair railing shall be not
more than 34 inches nor
less than 30 inches from
upper surface of top rail to
surface of tread in line with
face of riser at forward edge
of tread.
Railings
200 lb.
 The completed structure
shall be capable of
withstanding a load of at
least 200 pounds applied
in any direction at any
point on the top rail.
Fixed Ladders
• Specific Features
• Rungs & Cleats
• Metal ladders: minimum diameter ¾”
Wood ladders: minimum diameter 1 1/8”
Where corrosion/rusting: minimum
diameter 1” or painted {27(b)(7)(i)
• Distance between rungs: 12”
• Minimum length of rungs between side rails: 16”
• Clearances
• In back of ladder: not < 7”
Fixed Ladders
• Special Requirements
• Cages or Wells
• Provided on ladders > 20’ to maximum 30’L
• Cages extend down ladder not < 7’ or> 8’ above base of
ladder
• Landing Platforms
Ladder with cage: for each 30’H
Ladder/no cage: for each 20’H
• Ladder safety devices may be used in lieu of cages on towers,
water tanks, and chimney ladders. No Landing platform is
required in these cases.
Fixed Ladders
Fixed Ladders
Receiving Pits / Grate Openings
 Receiving-pit feed openings,
such as truck or railcar
receiving-pits, must be
covered by grates
 The width of openings in the
grates shall be a maximum
of 2 1/2 inches
Receiving Pits / Grate Openings
Receiving Pits / Grate Openings
Lockout/Tagout
• Lockout/Tagout covers:
• The servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment
• Normal production operations where employees by-pass
guard(s) or employees place any part of their body in a
hazardous area
• Does NOT cover:
• Construction, agriculture, and maritime
• Normal production operations (subpart O)
• Cord-and-plug under the control of employee (written procedure
still required)
• Exposure to electrical conductors (subpart S and electrical
safety-related work practices)
Lockout/Tagout
• Key Requirements for Lockout/Tagout
• Develop and implement a written program in compliance
with 29 CFR 1910.147
• Perform training
• Develop equipment specific procedures for equipment
being serviced or maintained by employees
• Do periodic inspections on the equipment specific
procedures at least annually
Lockout/Tagout
 Unguarded sweep augers must not be energized in a
grain storage bin while a worker is inside the bin
 Letter of Interpretation:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docu
ment?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=27419
Case Study
• Review Case Study:
• Farmer falls to his death from grain bin ladder
• 21-Year-Old Electrocuted While Moving Grain Auger
• Based on the OSHA requirements, what measures
could have been taken to prevent these fatalities?
• Questions?
References
• OSHA’s Grain Handling Safety Page:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/grainhandling/index.html
• OSHA’s General Industry Regulations:
www.osha.gov
• OSHA’s e-tools:
http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/index.html
• NIOSH FACE program:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face/
• OSHA’s Interpretative Letters:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_for
m?p_doc_type=INTERPRETATIONS&p_toc_level=0&
p_keyvalue=