Transcript No Slide Title

3.2
Using the Minimum
Standards in Food Aid &
Food Security
Food Security, Nutrition, and
Food Aid : Why One Chapter?
and
NUTRITION



and
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD AID
Big Topic overall
Food logistics and nutrition/health departments
in NGOs are often separate
But, the components are so intertwined,
they must be considered together
See page
 106
Food Security,
Nutrition and Food Aid
Food Security
Assessment & Analysis
Food Security
Nutrition
Assessment & Analysis
Nutrition
Food Aid
General
food security
General
support
Correction of
malnutrition
Food aid
planning
Food aid
management
Primary
production
All
groups
Moderate
Ration
planning
Food
handling
Income &
Employment
At-risk
groups
Severe
Appropriate
& Acceptable
Supply chain
management
Micronutrient
Quality
& Safety
Distribution
Access
to markets
Food Security and Food Aid is about...








Markets
Logistics
Livelihood/Employment
Displacement
Large
Populations
Rations:
Dry food
Warehouses
Distribution
FAO photo
Assessment and analysis
standard 1: food security
Where people are at risk of food insecurity, programme
decisions are based on a demonstrated understanding of
how they normally access food, the impact of the disaster
on current and future food security, and hence the most
appropriate response.
What does this mean in practice?
(
 please see page 111 of the 2004 Edition)
Food security standard
1: general food security
“People have access to adequate and appropriate food
and non-food items in a manner that ensures their
survival, prevents erosion of assets and upholds their
dignity.”
How does your organization typically
design food responses to disaster?
(
 please see page 120 of the 2004 Edition)
Food security standard
2: primary production
“Primary production mechanisms are protected and
supported.”
Q. How could you measure this
standard?
(
 please see page 124 of the 2004 Edition)
Food security standard 3:
income and employment
“Where income generation and employment are feasible
livelihood strategies, people have access to appropriate
income-earning opportunities, which generate fair
remuneration and contribute towards food security
without jeopardizing the resources on which livelihoods
are based.”
Q. Can this standard be met? How?
(
 please see page 128 of the 2004 Edition)
Food security standard
4: access to markets
“People’s safe access to market goods and services as
producers, consumers and traders is protected and
promoted.”
Q. In what situations can this be difficult
to achieve? What can be done in such
circumstances?
(
 please see page 131 of the 2004 Edition)
FOOD AID STANDARDS AND INDICATORS…..
FOOD
SECURITY
NUTRITION
FOOD
AID
Pages 119 - 134
Pages 135 - 153
Pages 155 - 171
Food aid planning standard
1: ration planning
“Rations for general food distributions are designed to
bridge the gap between the affected population’s
requirements and their own food resources.”
AP photo – Afghanistan food distribution
(
 please see page 157 of the 2004 Edition)
Food aid planning standard
2: appropriateness and
acceptability
“The food items
provided are
appropriate and
acceptable to
recipients and can
be used efficiently
at the household
level.”
(
Military style MREs (Meals Ready to Eat)
 please see page 158 of the 2004 Edition)
Food aid planning standard
3: food quality and safety
“Food
distributed is
of appropriate
quality and fit
for human
consumption.”
How would you measure this standard objectively?
(
 please see page 160 of the 2004 Edition)
Food aid management
standard 1: food handling
“Food is
stored,
prepared and
consumed in a
safe and
appropriate
manner at both
household and
community
levels.”
(
Refugees International photo
 please see page 163 of the 2004 Edition)
Food aid management
standard 2: supply chain
management
“Food aid resources
(commodities and
support funds) are
well managed, using
transparent and
responsive systems.”
WFP photo
(
 please see page 165 of the 2004 Edition)
Food aid management
standard 3: distribution
“The method of food
distribution is
responsive,
transparent, equitable
and appropriate to
local conditions.”
WFP photo
How would you measure this standard objectively?
(
 please see page 168 of the 2004 Edition)
RATION PLANNING
QUICK EXERCISE
Calculate This! How much food does one
person need (on average) for three months
using the Sphere indicators for food aid.
Assume that the person will receive corn,
beans, and oil distributed as an emergency
response and based on assumption that there
is no other access to food for a period of one
month.
First, find out how much of what foods are needed for a daily ration
• Assume 2100 kcals/person/day
• 11% of total energy provided by protein
• 17% of total energy provided by oil
• rest of total energy provided by cereal
Food Type
Kcal/g
Maize
3.50
.10
.04
Beans
3.35
.20
.012
Vegetable oil
8.85
0.0
1.00
See page
138 !
protein/g
= ( 2100)
= ( 230)
= ( 360)
= ( 1510)
fat/g
Food Type
Total kcal/
ration
Kcal/g protein/g
fat/g
grams fat (g) protein (g)
Guess 4.5x4
= 18
450
Maize
1575 kcal
3.50
.10
.04
Beans
201
3.35kcal
.20
.012 230/4
.6x1.2
= 0.72
4.5x10
= 45
.6x20
= 12
HELP! = 60 +/Vegetable oil 354
8.85kcal
0.0
1.00 360/9
40
0
I NEED A SPREADSHEET!
= 40
550g 58.72g
TOTALS
2130 kcal
528 kcal 228 kcal
X
About
360
Energy from fat @ 9 kcal/g
Energy from protein @ 4 kcal/g
Energy from carbs @ 4 kcal/g
57g
About
1510
About
230
The Sphere Nutrition/Ration Calculator
TOTAL ENERGY
Energy from Fat
Energy from Protein:
2100 kcal (Sphere)
17% of Total Energy (Sphere)
10-12 % of Total Energy (Sphere)
Ration Commodities
Corn
Grams of this commodity
Pulse
400
Oil
Sugar CSB
60 25.0 15.0
50.0
Total Energy
Kcals per gram of this commodity
Total Kcalories contributed to this ration
TOTAL
550
2076
3.50
1400.00
3.35
9.00
201.00 225.00
4.00
60.00
3.80
190.00
0.04
16.00
144.00
0.02
1.00
0.90 25.00
8.10 225.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
3.00
27.00
Fat
Grams of fat per gram of this commodity
Fat contribution to ration in grams
Kcals from ration fat (@ 9 kcal/gram)
% of Total Energy from Fat
404.1
0.19
Protein
Grams of protein per gram of this commodity
Protein contribution to ration in grams
0.1
40.00
Kcals from ration protein (@ 4kcal/gram)
% of Total Energy from Protein
0.22
13.20
0
0.00
0
0.00
0.18
9.00
62.2
248.8
0.12
Next, calculate the weight of the basic
food ration X the number of people X
the number of days.
FOOD TONNAGE CALCULATOR
Number of people to feed
1
Number of days
90
Corn
Tons of each ration commodity required
0.036
Total tons required
0.0495
Pulse
Oil
Sugar CSB
0.0054 0.0023 0.0014
0.0045
49.5 kg of food for one person for 3 months!
One person for 3 months
•
•
•
•
•
36 kg of corn
2.3 kg of oil
5.4 kg of pulses
1.4 kg of sugar
4.5 kg of CSB
2.3 kg oil
5.4 kg beans
36 kg corn
OK, based on this. How much food of this
type must you move to the community if
there are 20,000 people in need for 3
months?
FOOD TONNAGE CALCULATOR
Number of people to feed
20000
Number of days
90
Corn
Tons of each ration commodity required
720
Total tons required
990
Pulse
108
Oil Sugar CSB
45
27
90
20.000 persons for 3 months
720 MTs of corn
 45 MTs of oil
 108 MTs of pulses
 27 MTs of sugar
 90 MTs of CSB

}
990 MTS
So,… how many trucks
do need to move this
food?
MT to move… 990 MT over 90 days
Context - difficult roads, 300 k, max 10 T trucks available
Trucks can make 150 k/day
Turnaround Time = (300kX 2) / (150k/d) =4 days + 1 loading = 5
days ………..+ 20% “down time”= 6 days
Possible trips/truck/90 days = 90/6= 15 trips/truck /90 days
Number of loads = 990MT / 9 MT = 110 loads …..assuming 90%
load factor for the 10 MT trucks
Number of Trucks Needed = 110 loads/ 15 trips = 7.33
Trucks!... So I order 8 trucks to meet the requirement + 1 on
standby/rotation for maintanenance = 9 trucks (10MT)in my
fleet.
Transport of 990 MTs…

25 truckloads (if 40 MT
articulated trucks are
available and have access)
124 truckloads if
medium-sized ( 8T)
trucks are needed
Or 9,900 donkey loads
if access by trucks is
impossible
Storage
SPHERE Rations for 20.000 for 3 months
+1440 cu m for 720 MTs of corn
+ 90 cu m for for 45 MTs of veg oil
+ 216 cu m for 108 MTs of pulses
+ 216 cu m for 90 MTs of CSB
+ 54 cu m for 27 MTs of sugar
= 2,016 cu m
Option:
Rubb-Hall? (Can hold 4,200 MTs of Food)
CONCLUSION:
The Sphere food chapter
sections on FOOD
SECURITY and FOOD AID
are primarily about running
food programmes in a
responsible way.
Responsibility is both to
those receiving as well as
those donating food, money,
and other resources to the
program.