Transcript Discourse Analysis

Why it is important?
Do you know your “nyms” ?
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Synonym - same
Antonym - opposite
Autoantonym – means two things that are
opposites
Capitonym – means something different when
capitalized
Eponym – a word derived from a name
Heteronym – spelled the same, pronounced
different, has a different meaning
Hyponym – a word with a more specific meaning
than another
Mononym – a one word name
Meronym
Hyponym –
Toponym -
A-1
Antonym –
Waterfall
Cacophony
A-2
Heteronym –
B-1
To give deference
Used w/a Violin
C-1
Eponym –
Heteronym -
Capitonym –
Autoantonym –
C-2
Cheerfully optimistic
D-2
Capital of Turkey
To Actively Place (v)
Golf term
B-2
Country or Bird
A scheme to
defraud
D-1
Murderous
Mononym –
Mrs. Sonny Bono
A-3
Eponym
El Salvador
B-3
Synonym –
Extraneous
C-3
Meronym –
Autoantonym –
Capitonym -
Antonym -
Hyponym –
C-4
D-4
Mononym –
Eva Braun’s
Husband
C-5
Toponym -
To adhere
To cut apart
A-4
Liturgical Function or
Physical property of
matter
B-4
Meronym Past & Future
Synonym –
Inept
A-5
B-5
Surreptitious
Concave & Convex
D-3
Syntax
Effervescent Wine
From France
D-5
Hyponym –
Niagara Falls
Bridal Veil Falls
Toponym Ankara -
Heteronym Bow
Eponym Ponzy Scheme
Antonym Quite, peaceful
Heteronym putting
Capitonym Turkey
Autoantonym –
Mononym Cher
Eponym The Savior,
Christ
Synonym Irrelevant
Meronym Flat
Autoantonym –
Capitonym Mass
mass
Antonym –
Clandestine
Sneaky
Hyponym Grammar,
Intonation
Meronym Present
Synonym –
Incompetent
Clumsy
Mononym –
Hitler
Toponym -
Cleave
Angora
sanguine
Champagne
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Every communication situation has at least
eight components: A TRANSACTION in which
a (1) sender
(2) encodes a
(3) message in some
(5) context and sends it through a
(4) channel to a
(6) receiver who
(7) decodes it and reacts
(8 effect).
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Sender
◦ Source
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The person who communicates with another
person through symbolic actions
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Written
Spoken
Signs
Gestures
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Encoding
the process of creating a discourse or text
that another person will later decode.
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Message
a string of symbols with a beginning and an
end
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Context
the experiences, past or present, that provide
the circumstances in which events (including
symbolic actions) occur
◦ Contexts are the experiences, physical or virtual,
past or present, which the author and audience
need to share for communication to be effective
along with the times and places that inform
communicative situations.
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Channels
◦ Spoken
◦ Written
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Others?
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Decode
the process of interpreting a discourse or text
that another person has encoded
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Effect
effect is the result of all eight components
combined because they are "embedded" in
the message
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Frames
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Perspectives
Topography of your mind
Reference points
Mutually Shared?
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Mind Mapping –
◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent words,
ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged
radially around a central key word or idea.
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Mind Mapping –
◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent words,
ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged
radially around a central key word or idea.
DOG
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Mind Mapping –
◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent words,
ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged
radially around a central key word or idea.
SPCA
Poodle
Breed
Pet
Working
Cultural
Police dog
DOG
Meat
Hunting
BBQ
Pavlov
Guide dog
Trained
sheds
Retriever
Lab Animal
Dirty
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Idioms
◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase
itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning
that is known only through common use.
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Idioms
◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase
itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning
that is known only through common use.
◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a
term which requires some foundational knowledge,
information, or experience, to use only within a
culture where parties must have common reference.
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Idioms
◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase
itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning
that is known only through common use.
◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a
term which requires some foundational knowledge,
information, or experience, to use only within a
culture where parties must have common reference.
◦ Idioms are part of the language, more importantly
they are part of the culture.
‫‪Pashto Idiom‬‬
‫د يو چا پښه پۀ پايڅه کې بندېدل‬
‫پرپزه مچ نۀ پرېښودل‬
‫اوبۀ پۀ ډانګ بېلول‬
‫لور پۀ لوټه تېرۀ کول‬
‫لۀ مړې خيټې غږېدل‬
‫پۀ غوړيو کې خولۍ غورځېدل‬
‫ښکر پۀ ښکر کېدل‬
‫اوبۀ لۀ سره تېرېدل‬
‫‪Translation‬‬
‫– ‪English Idiom‬‬
‫‪Equivalent‬‬
English Idiom –
Equivalent
Translation
One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants
[to be busy with one’s own problems]
Not to let a fly on one’s nose
[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate
anything]
To separate water with a bat
[to attempt to do something impossible]
To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles
[to make up false excuses in order to get out
of an obligation]
To talk with full stomach
[not to have empathy; to be detached from
the reality]
One’s hat falls into oil
[to hit a fortune]
Pashto Idiom
‫د يو چا پښه پۀ پايڅه کې بندېدل‬
‫پرپزه مچ نۀ پرېښودل‬
‫اوبۀ پۀ ډانګ بېلول‬
‫لور پۀ لوټه تېرۀ کول‬
‫لۀ مړې خيټې غږېدل‬
‫پۀ غوړيو کې خولۍ غورځېدل‬
To become horn to horn
[to engage in a fight]
‫ښکر پۀ ښکر کېدل‬
Water rises above one’s head
[to be too late to (take action)]
‫اوبۀ لۀ سره تېرېدل‬
English Idiom –
Equivalent
Translation
Go it alone
One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants
[to be busy with one’s own problems]
Fly off the handle, blew his top,
Not to let a fly on one’s nose
[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate
anything]
Thread a camel through the eye of a needle,
make a silk purse out of a sows ear, get
blood from a turnip
Talk in circles,
Heart of stone,
To separate water with a bat
[to attempt to do something impossible]
To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles
[to make up false excuses in order to get out
of an obligation]
To talk with full stomach
[not to have empathy; to be detached from
the reality]
Pashto Idiom
‫د يو چا پښه پۀ پايڅه کې بندېدل‬
‫پرپزه مچ نۀ پرېښودل‬
‫اوبۀ پۀ ډانګ بېلول‬
‫لور پۀ لوټه تېرۀ کول‬
‫لۀ مړې خيټې غږېدل‬
Hit the jackpot, sitting pretty, the world is
my oyster,
One’s hat falls into oil
[to hit a fortune]
Lock horns, duke it out, lay into them,
catch a fade,
To become horn to horn
[to engage in a fight]
‫ښکر پۀ ښکر کېدل‬
Put it on ice, string them along,
Water rises above one’s head
[to be too late to (take action)]
‫اوبۀ لۀ سره تېرېدل‬
‫پۀ غوړيو کې خولۍ غورځېدل‬
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Resources:
Communication as a Cognitive Science Project
http://c-cs.us/ABOUT/%60about.html
English Idioms Beginning with ‘A’
http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/idio
ms/a.html