Transcript Specialized Diets In-Service Presentation

Specialized Diets
In-Service Presentation
MUSC Dietetic Interns
2011
Renal Diet
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At MUSC a renal diet is ordered for patients
with kidney failure.
The kidneys play an important role in body
function:
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Filtering the blood
Removing waste products
Balancing electrolytes - Sodium and Potassium
Fluid balance
Renal Diet
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At MUSC renal diet patients are limited to:
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2000mg Sodium
2000mg Potassium
1200mg Phosphorus
Protein intake is monitored and/or restricted on an
individual basis.
High Potassium Foods to Avoid
Fruits:
Vegetables:
Foods to Limit
Milk:
Dairy:
Protein:
Foods to Enjoy
Low Protein:
Low Sodium:
Low Potassium:
Low Phosphorus:
Soaking Potatoes
A special process called “leaching” or
soaking helps remove the potassium from
potatoes. This can be done at MUSC giving
renal patients more food choices.
Renal Sample Diet
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Dinner
2oz grilled pork chop
½ cup rice
½ cup green beans with onion and basil
½ cup applesauce
Dinner Roll
1 cup water with lemon
Low Sodium Diet
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At MUSC low sodium diets are
given to those who have
hypertension (high blood pressure),
cardiac, liver or renal disease.
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Sodium raises blood pressure.
Low Sodium Diet = 2 grams
sodium/day.
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Each meal can exceed the sodium
limit by 100 mg.
Why Low Sodium?
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Sodium raises blood
pressure.
If untreated, high blood
pressure will eventually
damage the heart, causing:
o Stroke
o Heart attack
o Heart failure
Foods to Limit
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Sodium is typically higher in processed and
convenience foods, such as:
o Ham, bacon, sausage, and other deli-style meats
o Canned vegetables
At MUSC low sodium diets do not allow:
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Ham, Bacon, or Sausage
Soups (except reduced sodium chicken noodle)
Stir-Fry
Foods to Limit Continued…
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Low sodium diets do
not allow salt packets to
be added to a meal.
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If patients complain
about their “food with
no flavor,” suggest
spicing it up with:
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Mrs. Dash
Pepper
Lettuce
Tomatoes
Mustard
Green Peppers
Onions
Low Sodium Diet Example
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Breakfast:
– Veggie Omelet
– Wheat Toast
– Fruit
– Juice
– Coffee with Sugar
and Creamer
Carbohydrate Counting
Type 1 Diabetes
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What is it?
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Insulin not produced in
pancreas
Must supplement with insulin
Who is at risk?
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Only 5% of the population
Mostly children and young
adults
Genetics and environment
Type 2 Diabetes
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What is it?
Increased at risk cultures:
African Americans, Native
Americans, Latino
Can have insulin resistance
OR insulin shortage
Insulin helps to absorb
glucose, so lack of it can
lead to diabetic
complications.
Carbohydrate Counting Diet
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Carbs in food raise blood
sugar levels.
Level I, II, III
Limits fat, cholesterol, and
salt intake
Consuming a consistent
level of carbohydrates
avoids spikes in blood
sugar!
Foods to Monitor
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Breads
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Fruits/Starchy Vegetables
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Dairy
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Sweets
Foods to Enjoy
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Non-Starchy Vegetables
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Low Fat Cheeses
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Eggs/Lean Meats
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Dairy with No Added Sugar
Sample Meal – Level II
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Lunch – 75 grams of
carbohydrates
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1 cup vegetable soup with 4-6
crackers
1 turkey sandwich (2 slices
whole wheat bread, 1 oz turkey,
1 oz low fat cheese, 1 tsp mayo)
1 small apple
Gluten-Free Diet
What is Gluten?
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Gluten is protein
found in:
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Wheat
Rye
Barley
Oats
Gluten can severely
damage the
intestine’s ability to
absorb nutrients in
those with gluten
sensitivity.
Foods to Avoid
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Wheat Products (Flour)
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Breads, Wraps, Pancakes, Waffles,
Cookies, Cereals, etc.
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Oatmeal
Processed Meats
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Breaded meats
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Sausage, Deli Meats
Oven Fried Chicken, Meatloaf
Pasta
French Fries
Soy Sauce
Foods to Enjoy
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Corn
Baked Potatoes
Soaked Potatoes
Rice
Meat
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Marinated Chicken Breast, BBQ
Chicken, Baked Fish, BBQ Pork,
Hamburger Patty
Fruit
Vegetables
Milk and Milk Products
Gluten-Free Sample Meals
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Breakfast:
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Lunch
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Rice Krispies with skim milk, fresh
fruit cup, eggs, yogurt
Hamburger patty with ketchup,
tossed salad with oil and vinegar,
baked potato with margarine and
sour cream, sherbet
Dinner
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Baked fish with green beans, corn,
tossed salad with oil & vinegar
dressing, pudding
Cross-Contamination
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Store gluten-free foods separately from foods that
contain gluten.
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Separate cooking equipment
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Personal containers for condiments
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Pans, pots, plates, etc.
Peanut butter, mayonnaise, mustard, etc.
Prepare gluten-free foods in a separate area from
foods that contain gluten.
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OR sanitize kitchen areas
Toddler Diet – For Ages 12 months
to 3 years
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Balanced Meals for Healthy Children
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Fruits and Vegetables
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Small Portions and Finger
Foods
Toddler Diet - Reasoning
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Little mouths need little bites – prevent
choking.
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Children may not be able to use utensils.
Foods to Avoid
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Food that has not
been cut up
Hot Dogs
Grapes
Big Sandwiches
Skim
Milk
Salad
Tater Tots
Junk Food or
Sugary Foods
Diet Jeopardy
MUSC Diet Jeopardy
Renal
Low
Sodium
Carbohydrate Gluten Free
Toddler
$100
$100
$100
$100
$100
$200
$200
$200
$200
$200
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
$400
$400
$400
$400
$400
$500
$500
$500
$500
$500
Final Jeopardy
Thank You!