Transcript BOREHOLE RECORDS AND COMPLETION REPORTS

Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
National Water Resources Institute Kaduna
Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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When a borehole is not producing the
required yield for the purpose of which it is
expected to serve or constructed.
Abortive borehole
Collapse borehole
Producing dirty water
Contaminated borehole
Saline water intrusion
Reducing water and siltation of borehole
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Planning
Investigation eg basic geological,
hydrogeological investigations and
geophysical
Drilling – mobilization, materials, site plan
and rig set up and drilling
Right methods and good identification of
aquifers
Completion process
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Geological and Hydrogeological studies
Geophysical surveys (electrical resistivity
using both profiling and VES
Good interpretation of Data
Borehole drilling – Site rig set up,
identification of aquifers through
1. Sample inspection and analysis eg
penetration rate, grain seize analysis,
observation process,
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Geophysical well logging (Electric SP and PR,
gamma logs and Caliper
Materials
Ensure that right are used e.g casing and
screen, gravel pack and good grouting
Completion
Well development eg airlifting and jetting
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Constant discharge
Step test
Analysis of pumping test data
Recommend appropriate pump based on
aquifer characteristics
Water quality analysis
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GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION METHODS
BGS©NERC June 2002
BGS©NERC June 2002
Geophysical surveying – using EM34
equipment at Kabale, Tanzania
Drilling a borehole for groundwater using a
Schramm down the hole hammer system, Tanzania
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ROCK SAMPLES OBTAINED DURING DRILLING
BGS©NERC June 2002
Rock chip samples presented in a half tube
as a pseudo-core showing reddened
oxidised near surface material at left
passing through to non-weathered grey
material at right, with weathered orange
band at depth at far right
BGS©NERC June 2002
Core of grey fractured
meta-shale showing
narrow calcite infilled
fracture
BGS©NERC June 2002
Tanzanian hydrogeologist analysing
drilled rock chip samples
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Samples
inspection
Minimizing the Risk of Borehole Failure by
Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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SP
RESISTIVITY
GAMMA
RAY
HOLE
CALLIPER
HYDROGEOLOGIC
INTERPRETATION
SN 16”
LN 64”
Dry Sand
some caving
Clay, homogeneous
Sand,
Saline water
Clay,
Sand streaks
Freshwater Sand
Clay
Sand,
Brackish water
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Borehole Casing
In progress.
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Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
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RECORDING DATA DURING TEST PUMPING
BGS©NERC June 2002
© WSP-AF
Measuring the water level during a
pumping test at Mangochi East, Malawi
Measuring the discharge rate during a low
yielding pumping test at Oju, SE Nigeria
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The report must highlight the following:
Executive Summary
Introduction – Client, location with coordinates
and purpose
Logging techniques and data acquisition
methods
Logger used with all calibrations.
Interpretation with details of borehole design
with diagrams
Conclusions and recommendations
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The information gathered during drilling boreholes and construction of wells is
valuable and should be documented.
Before leaving the site it is important to compile the following information
Borehole number, Name of the village and location of borehole with GPS
coordinates
Location of the borehole or well, matched to the Initial geophysical surveys
A sketch map of where the borehole/well is located in relation to prominent
features
Dates of construction, and activities carried out on daily basis
The depths and type of drilling methods used. For example 8 inches tricone bit to
20m depth, Down the hole hammer bit from 20m-40m
Main water strikes and static water level
The drilled diameters ,position of screen and casing
Position and size of gravel pack ,depth of seal
Length and type of development.
Lithological descriptions of samples
Any other relevant data/information
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The information above can be used to produce a short
report on the borehole with all the necessary summary
information
Reports usually contain the following information:
A summary of the borehole/well details
A summary of the drilling information
A diagram showing the construction of the borehole
A diagram showing the lithology of the borehole with
water strikes
Analysis of pumping test data as well as the result of the
test
Result of water quality analysis
Recommendations as regards the type of pump to be
installed, treatment required(if necessary) and other things
the client need to be aware of.
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Report writing
The following key points should be
reflected in the report.
Name of the village and location of borehole
with GPS co-ordinates
2. Location of borehole or well, matched to the
initial geophysical survey
3. Dates of construction, name and roles of all
those involved
4. The depths and types of drilling methods used
5. Penetration times and static water level
6. Drilled diameters, position of screen and
casing
7. Position and size of gravel pack, depth of seal,
8. Length and type of development
9. Lithological description of chip samples
1.
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Report should also Contain the
Following
・A summary of the borehole location details
・A summary of the drilling information
・A diagram showing the construction of the
borehole
・A diagram showing the lithology of the
borehole with water strikes
This drilling report is usually added to the
village file along with other technical
information such as geophysical and village
surveys and the results of hydrogeology at the
site forms the building blocks for understanding
how groundwater resources occur in an area.
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Lithology Data
Depth
(m)
Log
Description of Lithology
1
Top Soil
fine ~ medium Sand
Drilling Spead (min/m)
Color
Water
level
Electrical Logging
Diameter
(inch)
0
50
100
Black
Brownish
20''
Surface
casing
22"
(2.4m)
2.60m
Midium ~ coarse Sand
Brownish
Gravel with Sand
Brownish
GrayWhite
6
○　○
○
○　○
○
+
10m
7.5
Well Structure
Gravel
Packing
Casing
Program
Depth
(m)
Wing Bit
3
5m
Drilling
Grout
11
Sealing
4.10
14''
(7.5m)
5m
10
7.35
+
+
+
+
+
+
weathered Gneiss
+
+
10m
9
+
+
Brownish
Gray
10.60
+
+
+
+
+
15m
13
+
Gravel
Packing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
slightly weathered
Granitic fine Gneiss
+
+
+
+
greenish
grey ~
brawnish
gray
1st
20m
+
+
+
8''1/2
19
20m
+
+
+
15m
16.63
DTH
+
+
8
7
+
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DATA OF THE WELL
Borehole No.
Village Name
Date
15-Sep-06
Coordinate
Drilling :
RIG Model
16-Sep-06
Casings :
Type
PVC
ID
101.0mm
Screens :
Material
OD
PVC
113.0mm
Gravel pack
Origen
SALIMA
Hand pump :
ø
AFRIDEV
Diameter (mm)
& Method
BIAC RCD
DTH
OD
113.0mm
Joint Type
Socket
Slot size
Size
1-5mm
Altitude
Method
air
Joint Type
0.8mm
9.34%
Socket
Volume
792.0 lits
Pumping Test
Borehole structure
0
0
-38.1-41.0
Position (m):
-26.1-38.1
S. W. L.
GL -5.09m
250
0
500
215.9mm
Total
29.5m
Total
50
0
15
Discharge rate:
70.0 lits/min
Yield
lit/min
30
Specific Capacity
3.91 L/min/m
GL -26.00m
Penetration
rate
min/m
N-Gamma
(cps)
0
Final diameter
41.0m
D.W.L.
GL -23.00m
Pump position:
16 in Normal
100
41.0m
+0.5 -26.10;
Country
Casing depth
12.0m
20.955 m
64 in Normal
-100
0
Final depth
17.0m
Position (m)
-20.0-41.0
SP (mV)
District
Surface hole
Position (m):
Open ratio
Setting depth :
RP
T. A.
Fluid
0
50
Lithology
100
0
Top soil , dark brown
CG
1.0 m
CG
Laterite, reddish brown
4.0 m
4.0 m
-5
-5
-5
-10
-10
-10
-15
-15
-15
WB: 330.2
AR
BF
Mica clay, brownish grey
BF
16.0 m
Water strike
17.0 m
BF
20.0 m
BF
BS
B.S.
-20
-20
-20
-25
-25
-25
P
CP
Water strike
Gneiss, brownish grey, highly
26.1 m
GP
weathered with gravel
GP
HB:
215.9
DTH
-30
-30
-30
-35
-35
-35
Water strike
SP
GP
GP
Water strike
37.0 m
38.1 m
Gneiss, grey, moderately to slightly weathered
CP
-40
41.0 m
-40
41.0 m
-45
LEGEND:
TR = Tricone
WB = Wing
HB = Hammer bit
MR = Mud Rotary
AR=Air Rotary
DTH = Down-the-hole Hammer
-40
41.0 m
CG = Cement Grouting
BF = Backfilling with Cuttings
GP = Grava Pack
BS = Bentonite seal
-45
-45
CP = Casing Pipes
SP = Screen Pipes
P = Pump
RP = riser pipes
Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
Scale multiply by 10
Scale multiply by 1
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STEP-DRAWDOWN TEST
B/H No. LW1-100
0.0
1-Step : 30.00 l/min
2.0
4.0
2-Step : 50.00 l/min
Drawdown S (m)
6.0
3-Step : 70.00 l/min
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
0
50
100
150
Time (min)
200
250
300
RESULT OF STEP-DRAWDOWN TEST
Step
Duration
Yield
Q
Yield
Q
Pumping water
level
3
Drawdown
s
Specific
capacity
(hours)
(lit/min)
(m /day)
(m)
(m)
(m3/day/m)
1
1.5
30.00
43.20
11.62
6.53
6.62
2
1.5
50.00
72.00
16.82
11.73
6.14
3
1.5
70.00
100.80
22.32
17.23
5.85
S-Q curve (Log-Log) ; B/H No. LW1-100
Drawdown (m)
100
10
1
10
100
1,000
Yield (m3/day)
Critical pumping rate (CPR)
Preferable pumping rate
>70
>56
Minimizing
the Risk of Borehole
(lit/min)
(lit/min)
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by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
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Compilation of all borehole reports in a larger
data base
It could be from other sources
Internal reports
External reports
MUST be credible
Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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WELL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Refer
BH1
BH2
BH3
BH4
BH5
BH6
BH7
BH8
BH9
BH1
BH2
BH3
BH4
1. Well inventory of the
corresponding area
Update
2. The data files for each borehole
Component of the well inventory
management
Well Inventory Management is consisted
by two major components as follows;
1.Well Inventory of the Corresponding
Area
2.The data files for each borehole
Figure shows the figure of the concept of
these two component relations. Referring
those two components enable to make the
effective monitoring plan.
Well Inventory of the Corresponding Area”
is consisted by the information of all
boreholes in the area such as “ well ID ” ,
“Location taken by GPS “ , “Name of the
village “ , “Type of the handpump “ , “The
depth of the handpump “ , “Year of the
construction “ , and so on.
“The data files for each borehole” is
formulated one folder for one borehole.
The contents of this folder are the
following information.
Well Construction data
Pump installation data
Water
Quality data
Minimizing the Risk
of Borehole
Failure by Dr. Martin
O. Eduvie data
Monitoring
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GOAL OF WELL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme
[Federal Level]
-Develop a national database for RWSS Project.
[State Level]
-Keep inventory of water supply and sanitation facilities in all
communities and a RWSS database (including quality and well
Goal of the Well Inventory
Management
National Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation Programme :A Strategic
Framework (March 2004) describe
the expected role to play of the each
organization (Federal, State, LGA,
Community) with regards to the
well inventory management
showing figure ?-?. This is regards
as final goal of Well Inventory
Management.
logs of all boreholes drilled in the state)
[LGA Level]
-Keep an inventory of water supply and sanitation facilities in all
Communities and monitor their operation status
-Monitor the availability of spare parts
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Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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Rural Water Supply System Inventory
LGA name : KADUNA
Coordination
Serial
No.
Village name
Type of pump
Depth of
pump
Construction
year
N
E
Remarks
1
10046.543'
007040.626'
Angwangajilo
Indian Mark II
unknown
1992
2009 repaired by NGO
2
10048.245'
007040.951'
Turunku
Indian Mark II
unknown
1992
2009 repaired by NGO
3
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A national or regional level database of all borehole
drilling records should be established and kept up to
date. If no such national database exists, sector
stakeholders should keep and archive records of all
borehole drilling work undertaken until it is
established
The data from all drilling programmes and projects in
the country should feed into this database
Data from the database should be made available free
of restriction
There should be transparent sharing of key
information on drilling programmes by Governments,
NGOs and other stakeholders
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The cumulative knowledge of groundwater
resources provided by adequate and
accessible data achieves greatly enhances the
chances of successful drilling and borehole
construction
Information from dry and unsuccessful
boreholes is just as important as that from
the successful ones.
Government and private drilling companies
should be encouraged to enforce data
gathering.
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Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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WATER WELL CONSTRUCTION
Water Well Reference No:
DETAILS
Owner:
Location :
Community:
Address:
Coordinates Lat:
Long:
Well Permit No.
Date Issued:
UT
M:
Issuin
g
Autho
rity
LGA:
Driller
’s
Licens
e No:
State:
Name of Driller:
Drilling
Casing
From
To
Diameter
From
To
M
m
mm
m
M
From
M
To
m
Diameter
mm
Material
Thickness
Mm
From
To
Gravel / Cement Grout
Material
Size
Thickness
Remark
Water WellCap Y/N
Screen
Type
Cement Slab Thickness
Material/
Thickness
Diameter
Mm
Slot Size
Open Area
Size
Alignment/Verticality Test Remark
General Remarks
Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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Water Well Reference No:
Location :
Coordinates Lat:
WATER ANALYSIS REQUEST
FORM
Owner:
Community:
Long:
Well Permit No.
Date Issued:
State:
Name of Water Analyst:
Constituents
Suspended solids
Colour
Turbidity
TDS
pH
Unit
mg/l
TCU
NTU
mg/l
Hardness (CaCO3)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Chloride (Cl)
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Total Alkalinity
Bicarbonate
Carbonate
Sulphate
Nitrate
Flouride
Iron
Manganese
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Zn
Copper
Arsenic
Lead
Aluminium
Cadmium
Cyanide
Mercury
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
Ammonia
Hydrogen Sulphide
Faecal Coliform
Total Plate Count
mg/l
mg/l
Count/100ml
Count/100ml
Field Measurements
Temperature
pH
0C
Electrical Conductivity
_________________________________________________
Name: Water Analyst
Concentration
Address:
UT
M:
Issuin
g
Autho
rity
LGA:
Labor
atory:
________________________________________________
Signature / Stamp / Date
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Failure by Dr. Martin O. Eduvie
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Minimizing the Risk of Borehole
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