Transcript St. Gregorios College Kottarakara (Accredited by NAAC with

5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
WASH in Schools Scaling up water,
Sanitation and Hygiene
Education in Schools
Dr.Roy Kunjappy
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
CENTRE FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH (CCHR)
SADANATHIL BUNGALOW, VETTIKAVALA, KOTTARAKARA,
KERALA- 691 538, INDIA E-mail: [email protected]
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Global & Indian Scenario on Water and
Sanitation
• Globally,1200 million people lack access to safe water. In India, 125
million people lack access to safe water.
• At the global level it was recently estimated that 2600 million
people defecate in the open. In India, 700 million people lack
access to sanitation facilities & resort to defecate in the open.
• Diarrhoea claims the lives of 2 million children around the world
every year. While one million children in India die of diarrhoeal
diseases each year directly as a result of drinking unsafe water and
living in unhygienic conditions.
• According to a UNICEF Report in 2006, 2.1 million under five years
died in India, ie., one-fifth of the world’s total. Whereas in China it
was 4,15,000 ie., 0.42 million. Diarrhoea, pneumonia, malnutrition
and poor neonatal care are among the major causes of child
deaths in the region.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
The health profile of Kerala
State
• The health profile of Kerala State is reported to be low
mortality-high morbidity syndrome.
• The dominant disease group comprises diarrhoeal
diseases, gastroenteritis, dysentery, cholera, infectious
hepatitis, malaria, worm diseases, japanese encephalitis,
dengue fever, weils disease and chikungunya were
identified as the common water-borne and water-related
diseases in the area
• It was further observed that lack of protected water
supply and toilet facilities, accumulation of solid waste,
and poor hygiene practices were found to be the major
risk factors of high water-borne morbidity in the region.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul

In this context, WASH Coalition in Kerala in
collaboration with its stakeholders launched a
programme in selected schools in 4 Southern
Districts of Kerala State (India) called "WASH in
Schools" with an objective for better hygiene
behavior and healthy environment in schools.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Objectives:
• To provide better hygiene behavior and healthy
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environment in schools in order to improve the quality of
life of the future generation.
Schools are the ideal places of learning for children and
they have a crucial role in the process of community
development. Schools can be able to stimulate children for
a behavior change. If there is adequate facilities on
enough safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
facilities in schools, children as well as teachers can act as
role models of the society. This will definitely influence the
communities for a better change in their attitude and
approach. That was the psychology behind this initiative.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• Dissemination of knowledge at grass-root level is
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important for a change in the attitude of the people. So
schools are the best place for a start.
Try to implement environmental awareness/school
sanitation/hygiene in school syllabus for a healthy school
environment.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Area of coverage and target
population
• Selected Schools in 4 Southern Districts (Kollam,
Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta,
Allapuzha) of Kerala are selected for the
implementation of this programme as Phase- 1.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Study design/implementation
strategy and the machinery for
execution of the project.
• Basically, WASH (Water Sanitation and Hygiene for all) in Schools is
a collective effort by the stakeholders of the sector including
students, Parent-Teachers Associations (PTAs), NSS (National
Service Scheme), School Administrators, Local self-governments
(Panchayats), NGOs, self-help groups and other grass-root
organisations. WASH in Schools is a mass movement as part of the
Global WASH Campaign. Hence, the programme is a sustainable
model for better hygiene behaviour and healthy environment in
schools. WASH-coalition (net-work of organisations) in the State of
Kerala have a crucial role in the implementation process.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Implementation
schedule
• Duration of the Project: The project consists
of two phases. The Phase-1 of the project will be
completed with in few months. The Phase-2 of
the project will be launched shortly in order to
intensify activities in other districts of Kerala
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Key activities:
• Awareness camps, symposia, children congress, water
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quiz, competitions, rallies, will be conducted in all
selected schools as part of “WASH in schools”.
WASH posters/Charts will exhibit and display in all
selected schools. Further to prepare new awareness
materials for WASH in Schools.
To constitute "WASH school committees" and "Ecoclubs" with the co-operation and participation of pupils,
teachers, parent-teachers association (PTA), school
administrators and other stakeholders.
Monitoring and evaluation will be carried out on drinking
water status, health status, sanitary status and hygiene
behavior of children as well as the local communities
through an epidemiological survey in respective areas.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• Simple disinfection methods of dug wells and available
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water for drinking will be demonstrated to children in
order to reduce water-borne morbidity.
Intensive awareness will be given to mosquito
eradication and school children will be part of this drive.
Further, awareness will be given to children on various
aspects of safe and clean drinking water, water
contamination, disease transmission, waste disposal,
sanitary latrine, impact of open defecation and waterborne diseases, mosquito menace, hand washing,
sanitary wells, hand pumps, ORS/SSS, Household
Centered Environmental Sanitation (HCES), food hygiene
and many.
To propagate various rainwater harvesting techniques
and other methods of water conservation.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• Parent-teachers associations (PTAs), school
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administrators, Panchayats (PRIs), elected
representatives and other local stakeholders will take
the responsibilities for the construction of water supply
and sanitary facilities in the respective schools.
Building the capacity of local stakeholders considered as
one of the most important element for the successful
implementation of the programme. Training modules on
safe use of drinking water, decent sanitation, safe
disposal of solid and liquid waste, and best hygiene
practices will be provided to the stakeholders of the
programme.
Try to implement environmental awareness/school
sanitation/hygiene education in school syllabus for a
healthy school environment.
To design and produce a Handbook and a Resource
book for schoolteachers for the safe use of drinking
water, school sanitation and hygiene education.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Details of Few WASH
Materials
• Sanitation – ways within our means: This illustrates
various aspects of a “clean village” and a “unclean village”. The
clean village is depicted as the “heaven on the earth” whereas the
unclean village as the “hell on the earth”.
• Simple practices for a healthy life: This poster
illustrates various means of hygiene promotion for a healthy life.
Depiction of key hygiene behaviours include water handling,
personal hygiene, safe disposal of human faeces, food hygiene, safe
disposal of animal and solid waste, safe disposal of liquid waste and
village sanitation. In water handling, pictures to explain the
importance of a safe water source for drinking water collection,
keeping of water containers in home and the necessity of a
ladle/tap/tilt to pour drinking water in order to avoid dipping hands
in water.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• The Facts and the Solutions: In this section, there is
a comparison of Global and Indian scenario on safe
drinking water, sanitation, hygiene and health.
• Timely Action Saves Lives – Treat Dehydration
With ORS/SSS: Various pictures of this poster to
explain how to prepare ORS and Sugar Salt Solution
(SSS).
• Hand Washing –Washing away germs, preventing
diseases: Hands are the body’s feeders and cleaners
and helping to eat and keep the bodies clean, including
defecation. If hands do not wash at critical times,
particularly after handling human faeces, fecal germs can
be transmitted, leading to diarrhoeal diseases.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• Kitchen Gardens: This session demonstrates uses of waste
water from households and other sources for generating nutritious
food. Pools of stagnant wastewater are the breeding grounds for
mosquitoes that are the carries of many lives threatening diseases.
• Faecal – oral Transmission Route: Depictions on faecal-oral
transmission route are faeces, flies/pet animals, fields, fluids
(water), fingers and food. Illustrations are given to block the faecaloral transmission route include using of toilet, proper hand washing,
using safe water source and good handling practices, and adopting
good food hygiene practices etc.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• Our Children are the future. Can we afford to exclude them:
This is a message to the society and all stakeholders of the sector
that children are the future and it is the responsibility of all to
prevent the death of 2 million children every year due to waterborne diseases.
• Who is responsible? - “We” : Finally, the depiction on who is
responsible for the pitiful situation on water, sanitation and health
illustrates that nobody other than “we” are responsible to manage,
maintain and operate the system. Capacity building by providing
proper training will create an ideal situation for the problems.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Hand written Children’s Magazine “Water Voice”
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Water Rally (Jalarally)
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Outcome:
variables/performance
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indicators.
It was observed considerable improvement in the hygiene
behavior of school children and improvement in the sanitary and
drinking water facilities in schools (as per the survey report).
Environmental awareness in the minds of the children create a
sense of responsibility for a healthy environment not only in
schools but also in households and finally in the society as a
whole.
Best practices and experiences found to be replicated and
propagate in other areas.
It was found be a model of dissemination of knowledge at grassroot for a behaviour change.
Resource Book, WASH posters and other materials in Malayalam
(regional language) found to be valuable materials for future
course of action in other places.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
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Building the capacity of all stakeholders may create a new
momentum in the society on WASH movement (Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene for all).
Advocacy at local level may lead to a policy change at the State
and National level with strong stakeholder participation ( eg.
Projects on School Health project/Hygiene education by the local
State Govt.)
Information utilization found to be a good tool for further course
of action. Web-site information on various activities will be able to
use for future activities and follow-ups.
A momentum created at all levels that “all children have a right to
basic facilities such as school toilets, safe drinking water, clean
surroundings and information on hygiene”.
Steps are being taken at the State (local) level in order to
incorporated environmental awareness/school sanitation/hygiene
education for a healthy school environment in school curriculum .
“WASH in School” programme in Kerala won the prestigious
Palathully Award (UNESCO Award programme) of Malayala
Manorama- the National Daily in India.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Key recommendations based on the lessons
so far learned from Kerala on WASH in
Schools
• Partnerships with governments, donors, communitybased organisations (CBOs), non-governmental
organisations (NGOs), teachers, children and school
administrators are essential elements to achieve the
sustainability of school sanitation and hygiene education
programmes.
• To highlight the duty of all stakeholders to convey the
message that “children are effective agents of change
and schools are the ideal places of learning for children;
and that they have a crucial role in the process of
community development”
• All children have a right to basic facilities such as school
toilets, safe drinking water, clean surroundings and
information on hygiene.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
• To support efforts to implement environmental
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awareness/school sanitation/hygiene education in school
syllabus for a healthy school environment.
Capacity building is needed at all levels.
Strengthening school based monitoring systems.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India
5th World Water Forum-2009, Istanbul
Social or economic relevance of
the project
• The environmental health interventions are regulatory in
nature, and benefit accrued are indirect. They are
exclusively preventive and benefits can be realised over
a long period. The environmental health interventions
also potentially convey considerable non-health socioeconomic benefits.
• Apart from other conventional initiatives, "WASH in
Schools" in Kerala found to be a sustainable model with
sectoral co-operation; and children are found to be the
agents of change.
Centre for Community Health Research (CCHR), Kerala, India