Transcript Wild life : Introduction

FOREST AND WILDLIFE
Skanda S Shenoy
X standard
Vikasa High School
Alkola, Shimoga – 577 204
WILD LIFE
INTRUDUCTION :
Indian is unique in having immense natural beauty is its
different lions and in possessing a rich and diverse wild life
fauna Indian wild life is incomparable in its variety for
example, the tiger, the lion and the leopard room about in the
same country elephants and the one horned rhinoceros are
found here in abundance.
India has more types of the graceful deer and cats than any
other country in the world. In facts, India includes more than
120 families of terrestrial vertebrates.
It has been estimated that there are more than 400 species of
mammals, 1200 species of Birds, more than 350 Species of
Reptiles and more that 29,70,000 species of insects in India
REASONS FOR WILD LIFE
  The wild life has also been used
commercially to earn a lot of money in on
way or the other.
  The wild life is the cultural asset of a
country like India. It has deep rooted effect
on art sculpture, literature and religion of
the country.
CONSERVATION MEASURES:
• For the preservation of species wild
life management staff should have a
correct idea about the exact habitat
which the species under
consideration needs.
• Natural habitat of wild animals
should be carefully protected.
• Shooting and hunting of
endangered species should be
totally banned.
• Habitats of wild life should be
improved by constructing water
holes, saltlicks and by raising
plantation of better and nourishing
fodder grasses and trees.
MODES OF WILD LIFE CONSERVATION
• Protected species of
Indian wild life are here
they are, white eyed
buck, black buck, Four
horen antelope, golden
cat, snow leopard, great
Indian bustard, Monitor
lizard, winter lizard,
leathery turtle, marsh
crocodile etc.
REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILD
LIFE
• Destruction of wild plants of
forests for timber, charcoal and
firewood often deprives wild
animals their most palatable food
and affects their survival.
• Absence of covers or shelter to
wild animals.
• Noise pollution by different
transport media and polluting river
water have adversely affected wild
animals.
• Hunting methods of all kinds and
for any purpose (that is, food,
recreation, fur, plumage, tusk,
horn etc.) have caused destruction
of wild life.
SOME INDIAN SANCTUARIES AND
NATIONAL PARKS
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Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary.
Manas Wild life Sanctuary.
Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary.
Mundanthurai Sanctuary
Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary.
Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary.
Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary.
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
Kolameru Bird Sanctuary
Guindy Deer Park.
Sesan Gir
Sariska
Chilka Lake
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.
Daachigam Wildlife Sanctuary.
WILD LIFE RESEARCH IN INDIA
• Wildlife Institute of India (WII) covers
various aspects of applied research on
wild life for different ecological and
geographical regions of the country.
Show leopard (Ladakh), Nilgiri Langur
(Tamil Nadu), Grizzled gaint squirrel
(Tamil Nadu), monitoring of
reintroduced Mugger crocodiles
(Andhra Pradesh) and monitoring of
reintroduced Rhinoceros (Dudhwa, U.P)
are the main studies completed by the
institute.
WILD LIFE EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
• Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun organized 9
month PG Diploma and three months Certificate
courses on wild life for protected area managers at
the professional and Field technician level during
1991-92.
• The Institute also organized a Zoo Management
course for Middle Level Managers and
Technicians and 4 week course for 16 trainees
from Zoos and wild life organizations from
different states.
FOREST
INTRODUCTION:
• A plant community predominantly of
trees and other vegetation usually with
a closed canopy is called forest. Today
forest may be regarded as any land
managed for the diverse purpose of
forestry, whether covered with trees
shrubs, climbers, lions etc or not the
word jungle is used to describe a
collection of trees, shrubs etc that are
not grown in a regular manner.
IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
• Forest are the only source of timbers, wood fuel,
bamboos and a rich source of a variety of valuable
products.
• They guard against erosion of land, damage of
water sheds, floods and segmentation. The provide
shelter to the wildlife.
• Above all, forest also provide facility of the
grazing of live stocks and produce a large number
of products of commercial as well as industrial
importance.
TYPES OF FOREST
• Moist tropical forests
• Dry tropical forests
• Mountain subtropical
forests
• Mountain temperate forests
• Subalpine forests
• Alpine scrub forests
DEFORESTATION
Forest in developing
countries are going to
be reduced at an
alarming rate. This
process of
deforestation is a
serious threat to
economy, quality of
life and future of the
environment in our
country. The important
causes of deforestation
in India are,
• Rapid explosion of human and livestock
population
• Expansion of agricultural croplands for
farming and enhanced grazing by cattle.
• Increased demand for fuel wood, timber,
wooden crates, paper, newsprint’s, patter
boards, medicines etc.
Comparative situation of cover 1993 and 1991 assessment
(sq.km)
State / Uts
1991 Assessment
Andhra Pradesh
47290
1993 Assessment
Change in 1993
47256
-34
Arunchal Pradesh
68757
68661
-96
Assam
24751
24508
-243
Bihar
26668
26587
-81
Goa (Including Daman
& Diu)
1255
1250
-5
Gujarat
11907
12044
137
Himachal Pradesh
11780
12505
722
Jammu & Kashmir
20064
20443
379
Karnataka
32199
32343
144
Kerala
10292
10336
44
Madhya Pradesh
135785
135396
-389
Maharashtra
40044
43589
-185
Manipur
17685
17621
-64
Meghalaya
15875
15769
-106
Mizoram
18853
18697
-156
Nagaland
14321
14348
27
Orissa
47205
47145
-60
Punjab
1343
1343
0
Rajasthan
12835
13099
264
Sikkim
3033
3119
86
Tamil Nadu
17713
17726
13
AFFORESTATION
The development of forests on
wastelands is usually known as
afforestation
In India, Wasteland Development
Programme is being and overseen
by National Wastelands
development Board (NWDB)
which has adopted a mission
approach for enlisting people’s
participation, harnessing inputs of
science and technology and
achieving inter disciplinary coordination in the programme,
planning and implementation.
FOREST RESEARCH IN INDIA
In India, India Council of Forest Research and Education
(ICFRE) is an autonomous body with the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, which holds the mandate to
organize, direct and manage research and education in the
fields of forestry.
There are five important research institutes, they are,
• Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun.
• Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore
• Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore
CONSERVATION
Conservation is the most
efficient and most
beneficial utilization of
natural resources and Is
one of the most significant
applications of ecology.
Conservation is mainly
concerned with the
management of the natural
resources of the earth,
taking into consideration
their proper use,
preservation and protection
from destructive influences
and misuse etc .
DON’T FIRE THE FOREST