Transcript Заголовок слайда отсутствует

Koutsenogii K.P., Koutsenogii P.K.
Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 630090
Novosibirsk, Institutskaya St., 3
[email protected]
Content
Introduction
The monitoring aims
The monitoring structure
The research results
The sources of the atmospheric aerosol (AA) in Siberia
The particle size distribution, chemical composition, number and mass
concentrations AA in Siberia. It’s spatial and temporal variations
The evaluation of the technogenic loading
Laboratory and field range researches
The mathematical models
Data base and GIS technology
Summary
Introduction
At present time even more attention is paid to the effect of long-range transport of
continental atmospheric aerosol (AA) to the Polar region. The studies in Norway
and Alaska have shown, that Western and Central Siberia may considerably
contaminate the atmosphere in Arctic. The cities and many regions of Southern
Siberia are strongly contaminated by industrial emissions.
Introduction
In many cases such powerful point sources of polluting industrial emissions are
rather simple for chemistry of an environment and one can expect the obtaining
of important scientific results with minimum charges. Simultaneously in Siberia
we have remote areas, which are located at huge distances from industrial,
highly polluted centers. According to generally accepted opinion, the
characteristics of aerosols in these regions are considered to be “background”,
this mean aerosols, which are formed due to natural processes, with low
influence of polluted substances.
Many years of studies of characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in different
regions of Earth show, that considerable part of aerosol mass are particles,
produced due to wind erosion from the surface of soil and oceans. These are socalled dust and sea salt particles or coarse fraction AA (d>1mkm). The content
of particles fine fraction AA (d<1 mkm) of natural and anthropogenic origin is
rather low. The Central Siberia during winter period is distanced for few
thousand km from the sources of erosion particles. In winter, the earth in
Siberia is covered by snow, and water surface, including ocean, is covered by ice.
Therefore, during winter, the conditions are rather favorable for studying of
long-range transport of industrial pollutants.
The monitoring aims
Investigations of laws of formation, transformation and transport of
aerosols in Siberian region at local, regional and global scale for
determination of their sources and sinks.
Estimation of influence of AA on quality of atmospheric air, levels of
contamination of vegetation, soil and water, fate of different substances and
elements in objects of environment.
Estimation of an impact of AA of different nature onto people’s health and
animals.
Investigation of AA influence onto atmospheric processes and climate.
The monitoring structure
Monitoring
Analytical
Mathematical
Data base and GIS
modeling
Laboratory and field
technology
range researches
The scheme of monitoring in
North semisphere, 1991
The scheme of monitoring in
Siberia, 2002
Atmospheric aerosols sources in Siberia
Map of the forest fires in East Siberian
region, 2002
Autumn outbreak forest fire activity in
Buryat Republic and Irkutsk district
22 September 2002
Maximum forest fire activity in Tyva Republic
17 July 2002.
Outbreak forest fire activity in Yakutia
14 August 2002
a
Number concentration of
the pollen grain, m-3
b
c
Seasonal dynamic of the pollen
grain emission in atmosphere
(time period from 6 to 9 p.m.),1997
d
e
f
a - total number conc.; b poplar; c - birch; d - pine; e cereals; f - many-grass
Season dynamic of
the protein mass
concentration ( )
and microorganism
number
concentration ( )
The vertical
profile of the
microorganism
content
Y – relative
fractions, %
X – heigt, m3
Mean daily mass concentration change of aerosol and protein
winter
summer
X – sampling date
Y (left) – total aerosol mass concentration, mg/m3 or mkg/m3
(right) – ratio protein mass concentration to aerosol one
spring
autumn
Particle size distribution and chemical
composition, number and mass concentration
atmospheric aerosol in Siberia. It’s spatial and
temporal change.
The technogenic impact estimation.
The atmospheric aerosol model by Whitby
Submicron
particles
concentration
daily change
Daily change of submicron particles
Daily change of submicron
particles mass
concentration during
winter and summer
Atmospheric aerosol multielement composition
Technogenic impact influence on the spatial-temporal change of the AA multielement
composition. The relative concentration method.
Summer
Winter
Summer
Winter
Ionic
composition
change on south
and north
Western Siberia
Cu, Pb, Cd
concentration in
surface water
Winter
Summer
Atmospheric aerosol, precipitation and surface water ionic composition. Acid rain
problem.
Point source
Distance from a source (х)
Izoline and distribution of the mean annual deposition of the solid
particles emission into atmospher from Kuzbas industry cities
Line source. Auto route near near Tarko-Sale
Total organic ecotoxicants emission
K r a s n o s e l k u p, July 1999
The correlation coefficients and
factor load of Ni, Cu, Se, Ca2++Mg2+
and SO42- at s.Krasnoselkup
Ural
Air mass direct and
back traectories
method
Air mass pollution
zones
Norilsk
Annual emission (tonn) any component
from Ural and Norilsk enterprises
evaluation
Laboratory-stand researches
Mathematical modeling
Data base and GIS-technology
Forest
fire
type s
Siberia 2001 Ground Emissions
Methane vs. CO
40
35
Plot 19
y = 0.057x + 0.49
CH4 (ppm)
30
R2 = 0.89
25
Plot 3
y = 0.052x + 1.48
20
R2 = 0.91
15
10
Plot 6
y = 0.032x + 2.65
5
2
R = 0.93
0
0
100
200
300
CO (ppm)
400
500
600
Surface
Volume
Surface
Volume
Massspectrum
AA,
sampling in
Irkutsk and
Lystvyanka
Выкл.
4
Число молекул х 10
-15
1 (х2)
2
3
Kinetic of freon 22 (1) и
photosorption N2O (2), NO (3) and
N2 (4) photodesorption from MgO
surface
2
3
4
1
0
0
Рис. 4
20
40
60
80
Время / мин
100
120
The vertical
sedimentometer channel
The thermoenergetics stand
Aerosol plume airphotography in the thermo and dinamic inhomogeneous
Photograph of a smoke and it’s computer model
The vertical velocity isograms during single tier
convection. Thick line - clouds contours; thin line rising air flow; dotted line - descending one.
The vertical velocity isogram during two tier
convection. Thick line - clouds contours; thin line
- rising air flow; dotted line - descending one.
The vertical velocity field
cross-section at height 500
m.1)convection calls haos
position; 2) hexagonal
structure during during the
weak wind; 3) the convective
paths taked one’s bearings
velocity vector; 4) crosssection structures during
strong velocity displacement.
The arid aerosol concentration distribution at
height 300 m.
Summary
The integrate monitoring AA in Siberia was organized. This one permit
to determinate the AA microphysical characters and its spatial-temporal
change local, regional and global scales.
There was organized the information collection that need to design data
base and the evaluation of technogenic impact on different biosphere
components and health people.
Acknowledgements
This research received partial support by INTAS, RFBR and
SB RAS grants