Transcript Chapter 8: The Civil War - Minneota Elementary School

Chapter 8:
The Civil War
Chapter Notes
1/9/14

1858-MN becomes a state
◦ At this time, Americans think of the nation in 2
parts: the North and the South
 Many similarities and many differences
North: big cities, big factories & small farms
producing enough food for a growing pop.
 South: few large cities & factories; slow
growing pop.; farms grow many crops; 3 main
crops: tobacco, sugar, cotton
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WHAT WAS DRIVING A WEDGE
BETWEEN THEM?
SLAVERY
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Who could vote in the U.S. at this time?
 Because there weren’t many industries in
the South, they couldn’t attract a lot of
workers.
 Population in the North increased, and
the South stayed the same
 Problem!
 South wanted to balance slave and free
states
 Issue: slavery expanding to new states and
territories
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Slaves in North America in 1619
Abolitionist: someone who wants to get rid of
slavery
Many in the North worried that if slavery spread,
it would be harder for free whites to find work
MN Territory 1849-1858: Slavery illegal
MN State 1858
◦ Constitutional ban on slavery
◦ Slavery did exist (>25 people)
◦ Slaves brought by:
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Army
Govt. workers
Visitors
Few who moved to MN
Most MN against slavery by 1860
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Manifest Destiny=problem
◦ Slave states vs. Free states
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Many compromises in Congress
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Missouri Compromise
CA=free; UT & NM slave territories
No slave trade in DC
Fugitive slave laws
Kansas-Nebraska
◦ “Bleeding Kansas”
1854: Whig Party break-off to form Republican
party
 1860: 1st Republican President=Lincoln
 1860: South Carolina secedes from Union
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◦ Starts Civil War
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◦ Advantages: population, money, industries, allies
◦ Disadvantages: land, long supply and
communication lines
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South
◦ Advantages: trained generals/military leadership,
land
◦ Disadvantages: needed more resources, allies
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North
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Civil War
◦ 4 years
◦ 1,000,000 casualties
◦ Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in US
 Shifted goal of war to ending slavery
 Renewed hope in Union soldiers—win war in 1865
◦ Congress passes 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Chapter 8:
The Civil War
Chapter Notes
1/9/14
Land of the Free?
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Before 1800, people all over had slaves
◦ North changed because they came around to
thinking it was morally wrong and found it
was unprofitable for them
◦ Southern farmers needed cheap labor for
their plantations; ex. picking cotton
 New cotton plant + invention of cotton gin = $$$
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Northerners didn’t want slavery to
spread to the West as new states came
Differences between the North
and the South in the years
before the war?
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North
◦ Big cities, big factories, and farms that
produced food and goods for a growing pop.
◦ Slavery not allowed
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South
◦ Few large cities and factories, fewer railroad
◦ Slow growing pop.
◦ Slavery allowed
SIDEBAR: Dred & Harriet
Scott
Brought to Ft. Snelling in MN (free state)
 When owner went back to MO (slave
state) he took the Scotts with him
 Scotts sued: since they had lived in a free
territory, they should be free
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◦ 11 yrs in court--> U.S. Supreme Court
decided they were property and not citizens
and that their owner, a U.S. citizen, couldn’t be
deprived of his property
How did people in MN react to
slavery and the visiting Eliza
Winston?
1860-MN had mixed feelings
 Eliza Winston—slave for a Southern
family who came to MN on vacation for a
visit
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◦ MN was a free state
◦ Met with freed African American couple who
contacted a judge
 She was taken into custody that night with the
judge ruling the next day she was free
Home of the Brave
1860 election—Rep. Abraham Lincoln
 Southerners saw it as a threat to their way of
life as they depended on slavery
 Southern states seceded to form the
Confederate States of America
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◦ Lincoln refuses to see the country divided -->
WAR
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BOTH need armies
◦ First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
formed at this time
What happened to Charley
Goddard during the Civil War?
Charley Goddard: 15 yr old who lied
about his age to enlist; trained at Ft.
Snelling and shipped out with 1st MN Reg.
for D.C.
 Age 16: excited to fight; injured--> had to
sit out in First Battle of Bull Run
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What happened to Charley
Goddard during the Civil War?
Age 17: Battle of Antietam—bloodiest day
in history (26,000 men killed/wounded)
 Age 18: Battle of Gettysburg-1st MN very
important at the frontlines because they
were able to hold off Confederate
soldiers until Union reinforcements
arrived
 1st MN Reg. was one of twenty-two MN
units to serve in Civil War
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SIDEBAR: Homefront
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Minnesotans were doing all they could to
support the war effort
◦ Sent supplies, raised money, provided
companionship, and sent letters/care packages
to soldiers
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Life goes on--> While the men were gone,
everyone else in the family had to step up
and take on extra duties
Land of the Free
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Emancipation Proclamation—presidential
decree that stated as of January 1, 1863,
the slaves in the Confederate states were
free
◦ Made it clear that the war wasn’t just about
preserving the Union
What problems did Robert
Hickman encounter?
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Robert Hickman—African American man
who was born a slave in Missouri
◦ Could read, write, and preached ministry
◦ Headed to MN with a group of 300 slaves
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Reactions of Minnesotans-->
AFTERMATH
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the North defeated the South in 1865
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1,000,000 casualties
South in ruins
MN—not really affected
MN economy doing well
What did MN learn?
In MN, family life was upset by war &
casualties
 During Civil War, another war had started in
southern MN—the Dakota War
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