Transcript Human Connections
Diffusion Confusion ?????????
• The
movement
of people, the import and export of goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in shaping our world.
Movements
•
People everywhere interact.
travel from place to place and they communicate.
They •
Globalization
—The actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. • Globalization means that the world is shrinking – not literally in size – but in the ability of a person, object, or idea to interact with a person, object, or idea in another place.
Globalization of Economy
• Global Movement of Money •
New York, London, & Tokyo
(there are only 6 hours you can’t trade in a world market on any given day) •
Transnational Corporation
(multinational corporation) – conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.
Globalization of Economy
• Modern Technologies – before it was difficult to transfer money from one country to another – now it’s instantaneous.
• • Globalization has created
economic unions
among countries
NAFTA – European Union – OPEC – ASEAN
Globalization of Economy
• Globalization has led to
specialization
at the local level.
• A place may be near valuable minerals • Inhabited by well-educated workers • Globalization has heightened economic
differences
among places.
• Some places become high tech centers while others are centers for low –skilled tasks.
• Factories move from place to place – where is it the cheapest!!!
Globalization of Culture
• When people move and share goods, culture moves with them!!!!
• We’ll be spending more time on Culture & the globalization of it in Unit #3.
Connections between places
•
Distance Decay
– The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
Connections between places
•
Space-Time Compression
– The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
• Distant places seem much closer than ever before in the history of mankind.
• 1492- Columbus – 37 days • 1912-Titanic-would have been 5 days (3½) (same today) • 1927-Lindbergh – 33.5 hours - NYC-Paris • 1991, 1992, 2006 & 06-Anderson-Wagner – 6 hours there – 8-10 back
This music video was the first to be shown on MTV when the music channel debuted on August 1, 1981, at 12:10 A.M. (I was 6 years-old) On February 27, 2000 it also became the millionth video to be aired on MTV.
Buggles – Video Killed the Radio Star
Diffusion
•
Diffusion
- is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time.
• The place from which an innovation originates is called a
hearth
(node).
• Geographers observe two basic types of Diffusion • Relocation • Expansion – 3 types
•
Relocation Diffusion
Relocation Diffusion
– is the spread of an idea or thing through the physical movement of people from one place to another. • Language, Religion, Culture • English, Spanish, French – Roman Catholicism • Euro – Single set of paper money – coins were individual - but could be used elsewhere – Geographers measured how long it took for the coins to spread around Europe.
• Distribution of HIV/AIDS in the USA – Originated in Africa – NY, CA, FL were the nodes of origin in the 1980s – 25 States had no reported cases – NYC 3% of total population – 1/4 th cases of all AIDS – Reached it’s peak in 1993 - introduction of AZT
Expansion Diffusion
•
Expansion Diffusion
– The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
• Three Different types: • Hierarchical Diffusion • Contagious Diffusion • Stimulus Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
•
Hierarchical Diffusion
– is the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places.
• Political Leaders/Social elite • “Just say NO to Drugs” » Nancy Reagan • Clothing – Possessions • Large Urban Center • Education – College/Universities • Art/Performing Arts » Rap/R&B
Contagious Diffusion
•
Contagious Diffusion
the rapid, widespread – is diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.
• Spread of Diseases (Flu, Chicken Pox) • AIDS prevention methods & medicine adoption • Ideas on the Internet • Think of fans at a sporting event doing the wave it spreads quickly!!!
Stimulus Diffusion
•
Stimulus Diffusion
– the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.
• 1980s – APPLE & DOS systems (IBM) about equal • APPLE developed mouse/icon instead of typing in a string of words • That idea diffused into the IBM compatible systems • 1990s – APPLE sales had fallen far behind despite the new additions made • APPLE sales remained low until they developed IMAC, IPOD, IPHONE
Distribution
The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.
Geographers identify three main properties of spatial distribution
•
Density
– The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
(arithmetic, physiological, agricultural, industrial, etc.) •
Concentration
– The spread of something over a given area.
• Clustered – close together • Dispersed – far apart •
Pattern
– The geometric or regular arrangement of something in space.
• Streets, Subways, Houses, Cities
Baseball Teams, 1952 –2007
The changing distribution of North American baseball teams illustrates the differences between density and concentration. Can you see any patterns?