Transcript Slayt 1 - YILDIZ

SHIPS (VESSELS)
Kpt. Yusuf ZORBA
2002
SHIPS
Warships
Passanger
Merchant Vessel
Cargo
Auxilary
OBO
Tugs
Ro-Ro
Ice breakers
Bulk Carrier
Rescue ship
Conrtainer
Light ship
Reefer
General Cargo
Dredgers
Floating cranes
Liquid Cargo
Diver’s boat
Petroleum
Vine
Acid
Product
LPG
LNG
Water
Yachts
Fishing
WARSHIPS
Warships;
We know that
they are using
in the army.
It’s not important for us.
But, we know that;
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Warships exists for
Merchant Vessels…
YACHTS
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Yachts usually use for
sports or touristic trip.
Some modern types
can be usefull for
passanger
transportations.
Merchant Vessels
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Our subject is merchant vessel.
We devided into for groups;
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Passanger Ships
Cargo vessels
Auxilary vessels
Fishing vessels
Passanger Ships
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Passanger ships use only passanger transports
between the well-known ports of The World.
We say that a passanger ships which are
making a sailing in the ocean “Transatlantic”
Some Transatlantic ports;
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Newyork, Southhampton, Cherbourg, Hamburg,
Venice, etc…
Their cruise speed changes 15-40 nautical
miles per hour. (Knots)
It’s possible to choose from faraway because of
their deck lights.
Passanger Ships
Fishing Vessels
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Fishing vessels seperate according to their
fishing types. Two types fishing are made;
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Pelagic Fishing (açık deniz yüzey balıkçılığı)
Demersal Fishing (dip balıkçılığı)
We don’t interest their specifications exactly.
But we have to attention a fishing vessels when
make a sail.
Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)
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It’s possible to count many kind of auxilary vessels.
But we interest especially “tug boats”.
The tugboat has a number of functions ranging from
towing vessels into berths, to firefighting, salvage
and anchor handling/positioning.
Tugs range in size (and power) depending on the
tasks that they required to perform. A small harbor
tug may only have 3 - 400 BHP (Brake Horse
Power), whereas a large ocean-going salvage tug
may have up to 10,000 BHP engines, capable of
towing large cargo vessels off sandbanks and rocks.
Auxilary Vessels (Tug Boat)
Cargo Vessels – Bulk Carriers
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Bulk carriers ("bulkers"), are the great workhorses of the
shipping world, carrying raw dry cargoes in huge cavernous
holds, such as coal, iron ore, grain, sulphur, scrap metal.
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The vessel is that rare beast called a "geared" bulk carrier, so
called because it carries it's own cargo cranes - very useful when
visiting ports lacking portside cargo handling equipment.
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The vessel on the next slayt is a more regular design of
"gearless" bulk carrier.
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Bulkers range from about 25,000 Deadweight tons ("handy
size") through the medium size ("Panamax") vessels of about
75,000 DWT, to the giant ("capsize") vessels of over 200,000
DWT
Cargo Vessels – Bulk Carriers
Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Vessels
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Until vessels started to be built to carry specific cargoes, all vessels
were simply general or dry cargo vessels, i.e. built to carry any and all
cargoes either in drums and bales or on pallets.
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Such cargoes were put in general holds with no specialization. The
role of the general/dry cargo vessel began to wane with the arrival of
bulk carriers and tankers, but the decline of these general vessels has
accelerated since the arrival of containerization (in the 1960's).
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Not only are container ships able to carry greater volumes of cargo in
standard shaped cargo containers, the time spent loading and
discharging has been dramatically reduced.
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Whereas a dry cargo vessel may take 3 - 4 days to load or discharge, a
container ship can achieve the same in a matter of hours. Although
general/ dry cargo vessels remain as the largest (in pure numbers) of
cargo carrying vessels, they are often smaller (rarely above 50,000
Gross tons) than the specialized vessels that are slowly replacing them
Cargo Vessels – Dry Cargo Vessels
Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels
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The Containership or "Box ship" is the great success story
of the last 25 years. General cargo was historically carried
in dry cargo vessels, without any particular specialization.
Cargo loading and unloading was always a slow, laborious
task, due to the varying shapes, sizes, weights and fragility
of the numerous cargoes being carried on any one vessel.
The idea of standardizing the carrying box, or container at
20 feet long was a breakthrough that allowed for vessels
to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes, and
for dockside equipment also to be designed to lift , stack
and store these specific shapes.
Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels
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Thus was born the container
ship. Initially, these were small
vessels of up to 10,000 DWT,
carrying no more than a few
hundred TEU (Twenty foot
Equivalent Units), but have
grown in size as the success
and economies of these
vessels have become more
obvious. Today's container
ships are being built to take
8,000 T.E.U., with plans to
build 10 - 12,000 TEU ships.
Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels
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These vessels are built
for speed, and can reach
upwards of 28 knots,
moving cargoes around
the globe.
Through transport or
inter-modal transport,
means that these
containers can be
offloaded from a ship,
and rapidly loaded onto
trains or onto container
lorries for onward
transport to the place of
delivery.
Cargo Vessels – Container Vessels
Cargo Vessels – Car Carriers
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The car carrier could never be described as a beauty
of the seas, yet in it's rectangular design, is purpose
built to carry large numbers of cars.
Manufacturers of cars, mainly in Japan and Europe,
use these vessels to ship large quantities of their
products around the world. Every Japanese, Korean,
or European car you see on our roads, may have
been brought across on one of these car carrier
vessels
Cargo Vessels – Car Carriers
Cargo Vessels – Reefer Ships
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Refrigerated Cargo Carrying Vessels ("Reefers") are
purpose built to carry fruit, meat and other food
products across the sea in a fresh and clean manner.
Perhaps the most famous of these types of vessels
are the banana carriers, trading between the
Caribbean and Europe. They are sleek and fast, as
their trade demands, with cooling (refrigeration)
equipment to keep their cargoes fresh
Cargo Vessels – Reefer Ships
Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships
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The Ro-Ro, or more fully the Roll on - roll off
vessel, comes in a number of shapes and sizes, but
generally in two types; the passenger ro-ro and the
Cargo ro-ro.
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Passenger ro-ros have become common sights
wherever people want to travel over water with their
vehicles. It is probably the only type of cargo vessel
that most people have traveled on. Usually a rear
door (but sometimes a bow door) allows for vehicles
to be driven on and off, stored on the car deck below
the passenger accommodation areas.
Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships
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The cargo ro-ro is less "plush" than the passenger
type, as these vessels are designed for the carriage of
commercial vehicles where luxurious passenger
accommodation is not a primary consideration.
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This type vessel usually called “Ro-Ro”. It’s mean
that Roll on, Roll off.
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But novadays this types vessel called "ro-ro-ro"
ships because of their sinking easily in a heavy
weather/sea. So, means that ;
Roll on, roll off....roll over
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Cargo Vessels – Ro-Ro Ships
Cargo Vessels – Tankers
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Tankers are designed to carry liquid cargoes (not just
oil) although the carriage of crude oil has brought the
tanker unwelcome attention and largely unjustified
criticism.
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Oil tankers come in two basic categories, the crude
carrier, which carries crude oil, and the clean products
tanker, which carries the refined products, such as
petrol, gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene and paraffin.
Tankers range in all sizes, from the small bunkering
tanker (used for refueling larger vessels) of 1000 DWT
tons to the real giants: the VLCC (Very Large Crude
Carrier) of between 2-300,000 DWT and the ULCC
(Ultra Large Crude Carrier) of over 300,000 DWT
Cargo Vessels – Tankers
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HANDY SIZE TANKER
HANDYMAX TANKER
AFRAMAX TANKER
SUEZMAX TANKER
V.L.C.C. TANKER
U.L.C.C. TANKER
= 20,000 - 30,000 DWT
= approx 35,000 DWT
= between 75,000 - 125,000 DWT
= between 125,000 - 180,000 DWT
= between 200,000 - 300,000 DWT
= over 300,000 DWT
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It should be remembered that over 60% of the world's
oil is transported by these tankers, and over 99% of that
arrives safely without causing pollution. Indeed most
oil pollution seen on beaches comes from the engine
rooms of vessels (of all types) and not from the cargo
tanks of tankers.
Cargo Vessels – Tankers
Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG
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The LNG carrier (Liquefied Natural Gas) and it's cousin the
LPG carrier (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) are products of the
late twentieth century. LNG and LPG are the preferred fuel
types of certain countries for their industrial power needs.
Japan is one such country, and so LNG needs to be transported
to Japan, but is not the easiest of cargoes to be transported. In
its natural state, LNG is a gas, so to transport it, it needs to be
either pressurized into a liquefied form, or kept as a liquid by
reducing the temperature (simple application of Boyle's Law
in physics !).
The shape of the LNG Carrier is quite unmistakable, with the
shape of the Moss tanks (which are like enormous spherical
thermos flasks !) visible along the deck, which has led to the
nickname of "Dinosaur Eggs Carriers".
Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG
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Obviously, the carriage
of an explosive gas kept at below freezing
temperatures as an
unstable liquid presents
a very dangerous cargo,
yet it is for this very
fact, that LNG Carriers
have about the best
safety record of all
maritime vessels. Only
the best officers and
crews are employed on
these vessels.
Cargo Vessels – LPG & LNG
Ship Types
and
Characteristics
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Now,
Fill in the blanks in your papers
and
Thank you for listening…
Passanger Ship
1- ……………...………………….
Container Vessel
4- ……………...………………….
Tug Boat
2- ………...………………….
Car Carrier
3- ……………...………………….
Oil Tanker
5- ……………...………………….
General Cargo Vessel
Passanger Ship
6- ……………...………………….
7- ……………...………………….
Ro-Ro
8- ……………...………………….