Transcript S.M.RAI - Vizagcityonline

P.S.MURTY
VICE PRESIDENT
THE INSTITUTE OF MARINE ENGINEERS(INDIA)
&
CMD, PSM GROUP OF COMPANIES
1
TOPICS
• Phasing out of Single Hull Tankers
• Condition Assessment Scheme
• Changes to MARPOL73/78, Annex I Regulation 13 G & 13 H
(New Regulation20)
2
13 G and 13 H
• Regulation 13 G as amended,
accelerates the phasing out of Single
Hull tankers.
• Regulation 13 H restricts the carriage
of Heavy Grade Oil by Single Hull
Tankers.
3
WHY PHASE OUT SINGLE HULL
TANKERS
•
•
•
•
WHAT PROMPTED THE CONCEPT
HOW THIS WILL ASSIST THE MOTIVE
DEBATES AT IMO
CONCERN OF THE DEVELOPING
NATIONS
• PRESSURE ON SHIPYARDS/NEW
BUILDINGS
4
MARINE ACCIDENTS
5
EXXON VALDEZ
• Shortly after leaving the Port of Valdez, On
March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran
aground on Bligh Reef.
• The Exxon Valdez grounded on Bligh
Reef, and spilled nearly 11 million gallons
of oil into the biologically rich waters of
Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA .
6
The Braer - The Grounding
• At 05.19hrs on Tuesday the 5th January 1993,
Lerwick coastguard (Scotland) was advised that
the tanker Braer, en route from Mongstad in
Norway to Quebec in Canada, laden with 84,700
tonnes of Norwegian Gulfaks crude oil, had lost
engine power, has run aground off Shetland
Islands, UK and oil is leaking, It is the 11th
largest oil spill recorded double then Exxon
Valdez.
7
M.V.Braer, the only part of the
ship still visible
8
Erika
The Erika was a 24 year old, single hulled, badly
maintained ship that sailed under the Maltese
flag. On the 12th of December 1999, this ship
ran into trouble in a heavy storm 70 kilometers
off the coast of Bretagne, France. The ship
broke in half and sank to the bottom of the sea.
Of the 30,000 tons of heavy furnace oil it carried,
14,000 tons spilled into the sea. The remaining oil
in the wreck is steadily leaking out. Hundreds of
thousands of birds died and the coast was
smeared with oil over a length of 400 kilometers.
9
10
Prestige disaster
• During stormy weather on Wednesday 13th
November 2002 the Greek-owned Prestige suffered
a 50 metre gash in the right side of the hull.
• On the 19th of November the tanker "Prestige"
broke in two, after six agonizing days since
Wednesday, the 13th, when the ship sent the SOS
signal at a few miles off the Galician coast, north
western corner of the Iberian Peninsula. The tanker,
carrying some 77,000 tonnes of oil, sunk to the depth
of 3,600 meters some 250 km off the Spanish
coast, with a large quantity of oil still on board.
Vessel is said to have spilled oil in excess of 5,000
tonnes.
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Leaking oil tanker, Spain
12
13
ATHOS I
DELAWARE RIVER SPILLAGE
• 26TH November 2004 a major oil spill occurred on
the Delaware River near Philadelphia.
• ATHOS I, a 750 feet Greek tanker enroute to
Citago, New Jersey while being moved for
berthing at Pier, rode over a huge 15 foot curved
piece of pipe damaging the hull.
• Nearly 6000 tons of Heavy Crude Oil found way
into the sea damaging marine life and the sea
shores.
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• Incident is still under investigation.
MARPOL 73/78
• The International Convention for the
Pollution from Ships 1973,was adopted by
IMO in 1973.
• This
convention
was
subsequently
modified by the protocol of 1978.
• In short above are called “MARPOL 73/78”
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MARPOL ANNEX-I
• Chapter I-General-Covers regulation 1 to 8 A
• Chapter II-Requirement for control of operational
pollution:
Regulations 9 to 12, 13 A to 13 H and 14 to 21
• Chapter III- Requirement for minimizing oil pollution
from oil tankers due to side and bottom damages.Regulation 22 to 25A.
• Chapter IV- Prevention of pollution arising from an oil
pollution incident.-Regulation 26 –Shipboard
pollution emergency plans.
16
Revised MARPOL ANNEX-I
• Chapter 1-GENERAL
• Chapter 2-SURVEYS AND CERTIFICATION
• Chapter 3-REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY
SPACES OF ALL SHIPS
• Chapter 4-REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CARGO
AREAS OF OIL TANKERS
• Chapter 5-PREVENTION OF OIL POLLUTION
ARISING FROM AN OIL INCIDENT
Reg 37:Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency plan
• Chapter 6-RECEPTION FACILITIES
• Chapter 7-REQUIREMENTS FOR FIXED OR
FLOATING PLATFORMS
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CHAPTER III
REQUIREMENTS FOR MACHINERY SPACES OF ALL SHIPS
• Part A Construction
-Regulation 12 Tanks for Oil Residues (Sludge)
-Regulation 12 A Fuel oil tank protection
-Regulation 13 Standard discharge connection
• Part B Equipment
-Regulation 14 Oil Filtering Equipment
• Part C Control of Operational Pollution
-Regulation 15 control of discharge of oil
-Regulation 16 segregation of oil and water ballast
-Regulation 17 Oil Record Book
18
REGULATION 13 F
Prevention of oil pollution in the event of
collision or stranding
( Contract placed after 6th July 1996 )
•Entire cargo tank length be protected by
ballast tank spaces
•Ballast lines not to pass through cargo
tanks and vice versa.
(NEW REGULATIO NO 19 )
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REGULATION 13 G
Prevention of oil pollution in the event of
collision or Stranding- Measures for Existing
Tankers
Applicable to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oil tankers 20,000 tons DWT and above carrying
Crude,FO,Heavy DO or LO as cargo
Oil tankers of 30,000 tons DWT other then referred at
‘a’
Not apply to tankers under 13F
Tanker under this regulation shall be subjected to
ENHANCED SURVEY PROGRAMME
20
First Proposal
• Sinking of ERIKA in 1999 led to direct
amendment of Reg I/13 G to phasing
out of most single hull tankers of 5000
DWT and above by 2015.
• Decision was governed by the fact that
Double Hull tankers were made
mandatory for all new buildings since
1996.
21
Accelerated Phasing Out
• Sinking of PRESTIGE in 2002 led to
further amendment to Reg I/13 G to
ensure accelerated phasing out of
single hull tankers and introduction of a
new Marpol Reg I/13 H.
• Over 2200 single hull tankers of over
5000 DWT adding up to over 170 million
DWT would be phased out between
years 2003-2010.
22
Phase-out of single hull
tankers above 5,000 dwt
mil dwt
ns
M illi o
70
60
EU proposal
MARPOL 13G
US OPA90
50
40
30
20
10
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
0
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PHASING OUT SINGLE HULL
6
100%
22
90%
80%
51
70%
75
60%
50%
81
94
DOUBLE HULL
78
40%
30%
SINGLE HULL
49
20%
25
10%
19
0%
1
2
3
4
5
1991,1997,2002,2007,2010
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Three alternatives for converting a single hull
tanker into a double hull tanker:
Inserting an inner side and an
inner bottom is the most
common solution.
25
PROTECTION OF FUEL TANKS
MARPOL Revised Annex I Reg.12 A
• A maximum capacity limit of 2500 m3 per fuel oil
tank introduced in the regulation
• Not applicable to fuel oil tanks below 30m3
• Excludes tanks which normally do not carry F.Oil
• FOR NEW VESSELS these reg.enters into force:
-1st August 2007-Contract date
-If no contract date-Keel laid after 1st Feb 2008
-Delivery after 1st August 2010
• Applicable to new ships and major conversions
with fuel capacity of 600 m3
• Minimum h=0.76m. h=B/20 m or h=2.0 m
whichever is less
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TANKER CATEGORIES
• Category I (Pre Marpol) Tankers:
Are 20000
DWT and above carrying Crude, FO, Heavy DO or LO as
cargo and 30000 DWT and above carrying other oil which
do not comply with the requirement of SBT & PL.
• Category II Oil Tankers:
Means tankers of 20000
DWT and above carrying Crude, FO, Heavy DO or LO as
cargo and 30000 DWT and above carrying other oil which
DO comply with the requirement of SBT & PL.( Marpol
Tankers)
• Category III Oil Tankers:
Means an oil tanker of
5000 DWT and above but less than the tonnage specified
for category I & II.
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DWT (INDIAN TANKER FLEET)
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
DWT
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Double Hull
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
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MEPC
The Marine Environment
Protection Committee was formed
in 1974 and reviews various
provisions of MARPOL 73/78
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Marine Environment Protection
Committee
49th session: 14-18 July 2003
Single-hull tankers proposals to amend
MARPOL 73/78
30
Marine Environment Protection
Committee (MEPC), 50th
session: 1 and 4 December 2003
IMO meeting adopts
accelerated single-hull
tanker phase-out, new
regulation on carriage of
heavy fuel oil
(TACIT APPROVAL)
31
52nd MEPC- Revised MARPOL Annex I
• Revised MARPOL annex I adopted and
to enter into force on 1st January 2007.
• Incorporates
various
amendments
including amended 13 G to Reg 20, Reg
13 H to Reg 21.
• It separates in different chapters, the
construction & equipment provisions from
operational
requirement
with
clear
distinction between requirement for New
ships and those for Existing.
• Revision is more USER FRIENDLY and is 32
simplified
CARRIAGE OF HEAVY GRADE OIL
Regulation 13 H
(New regulation 21)
A new MARPOL regulation on the prevention of
pollution from oil tankers when carrying Heavy
Grade Oil (HGO) bans the carriage of HGO in
single hull tankers of 5,000 tons DWT and
above after the entry of the regulation (5th April
2005), and in single hull oil tankers of 600 DWT
and above but less than 5,000 DWT , not later
than the anniversary of their delivery date in
2008.
33
Carriage of heavy grade oil
Under the new regulation, HGO means
any of the following:
a) crude oils having a density at 15ºC
higher than 900kg/m3;
b) fuel oils having either a density at
15ºC higher than 900 kg/ m3 or a
kinematic viscosity at 50ºC higher than
180mm2 /s;
c) bitumen, tar and their emulsions.
34
Accelerated phase-out for
single-hull tankers
(5othMEPC, December 2003)
Under a revised regulation 13G of Annex I
of MARPOL, the final phasing-out date for
Category 1 tankers (pre-MARPOL tankers)
is brought forward to 2005, from 2007. The
final phasing-out date for category 2 and 3
tankers (MARPOL tankers and smaller
tankers) is brought forward to 2010, from
2015. Regulation13 H introduced.
35
The full timetable for the phasing out
of single-hull tankers is as follows
(Effective 5th April 2005)
•Category 1 5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5
April 1982 or earlier
2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1982
•Category 2 and Category 3
5 April 2005 for ships delivered on 5 April 1977 or
earlier
2005 for ships delivered after 5 April 1977 but
before 1 January 1978
2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979
2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981
2008 for ships delivered in 1982
2009 for ships delivered in 1983
2010 for ships delivered in 1984 or later
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ANNIVERSARY DATE
Consider the Phase out Table
A tanker delivered i.e. in December 1978
will be phased out in December
2006,while a tanker delivered in January
1979 will be phased out in January
2006, ELEVEN months earlier than the
relatively older tanker.
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INDIAN TANKER FLEET
45
40
35
30
25
NO OF TANKERS
AVERAGE AGE
20
AGE OVER 2O YEARS
15
10
5
0
SCI
ESSAR
GESCO
ISS
Mercator
Reliance
Century
Sanmar
38
PROTECTION OF FUEL TANKS
MARPOL Revised Annex I Reg.12 A
• A maximum capacity limit of 2500 m3 per fuel oil
tank introduced in the regulation
• Not applicable to fuel oil tanks below 30m3
• Excludes tanks which normally do not carry F.Oil
• FOR NEW VESSELS these reg.enters into force:
-1st August 2007-Contract date
-If no contract date-Keel laid after 1st Feb 2008
-Delivery after 1st August 2010
• Applicable to new ships and major conversions
with fuel capacity of 600 m3
• Minimum h=0.76m. h=B/20 m or h=2.0 m
whichever is less
39
Answers to typical questions
• Conversion of single hull tankers to double hull
is normally not regarded as a major conversion.
The flag state is consulted from project to
project.
• Date of construction will not be changed after
conversion
• After conversion to double hull the phase out
date of the vessel will not longer be relevant
• The Stillwater water bending moment and shear
force limits are assumed unchanged. If the limits
are increased the longitudinal strength must be
reassessed
40
SURVEY OF A VLCC
•
• Height to climb 11 km
• Area to survey 330 000 m2
• Length of weld 1250 km
• Length of longitudinals 82
km
• Inner bottom area 11 000 m2
41
IS DOUBLE HULL THE
ANSWER
MAJOR CAUSES OF OIL SPILLS ARE
* Machinery Failure
* Human & Navigational Error
* Fire and Explosion
* Hull Damage
42
DOUBLE HULL WILL REDUCE LIKELIHOOD OF
OIL SPILLAGE
ONLY IF
• Double hull tankers are maintained to a
higher standard than is apparent in some
ships today.
• Operated by personnel who are well
trained and committed to their jobs.
• Vessels are designed and built to high
standards.
43
THANKS
44