Transcript Swedish Road Administration (SRA)

Swedish Road Administration (SRA)
Sören Hedberg
Society and Traffic Division
S – 78187 Borlange
[email protected]
European Community, Road TransportTechnology, Weight and Dimensions for
Road Traffic
• 85/3/EC was the first Directive to harmonise Vehicle
Weight and Dimension for international traffic
• Is regarded as minimum provisions for weight, national
• Limits Truck + semitrailer length to 16.5 meter
• Limits Truck + full Trailer length to 18.35 meter
• Total authorised mass 40/44 tonnes for int. traffic
• Not for Type Approval of Vehicles (97/27/EC)
Aim of the Directive
To reflect a balance between the rational and economical
use of vehicles and the cost for infrastructure
maintenance, road safety and the protection of the
environment
Common standards on vehicle dimensions should
remain stable in the long term
96/53/EC
There were different standards applied in Member States
This affects the conditions of competition and is an obstacle
to traffic between Member States
To limit wear and tear on the roads and bridges, i e
preserve the road capital (road friendly suspension
introduced)
This Directive is primarily a transport safety measure but,
it also allows for the well functioning of the Single Market
with harmonised rules
Scope
1. Certain road vehicles circulating within the Community,
Categories: M2, M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4 (definitions in
70/156/EEC)
2. Controls maximum authorized dimensions in
- national and
- international traffic
3. Limits maximum authorized masses in
- international traffic
Recast Directive 96/53/EC, main
provisions
• Contain 85/3/EC and its amendments
• Increase truck + full trailer max length to 18.75 meter
• Introduce max. loading length of 15.65 meter (enable
truck cabins 0.4 meters longer for safety reasons)
• Still, articulated vehicles are max. 16.5 meter, which
prevents the carriage of 45 feet maritime containers
• Vehicle width increased to 2.55 m (2.60 m)
• Extended to national transport
• No positive tolerances may be applied on dimensions
In short:
The free circulation of a 40 tonne, standard five-axle
vehicle and semitrailer combination is guaranteed
throughout the EU, provided the load on the driving axle
does not exceed 11,5 tonnes.
Equally, a standard two-axle bus or lorry of up to 18 tonnes
can circulate freely.
44 tonnes in total is allowed when carrying 40 ft ISO
container in combined transport (road/rail)
Member States are free to apply higher axle loads and
vehicle height above 4 meter in national traffic
Council Directive 2002/7/EC
-
Deals with increased length of buses
- Bus with two axles max. 13.5 meters
Bus with three or more axles max. 15.0 meters
- Bus + Trailers max. 18.75 meters
Exemptions allowed
13.6 m
7.82 m
• Exceptional
transports/loads
• Modular concept
• Special operations linked
to logging and forestry
industry
• Prototype Vehicles
• Grandfathers rights
Implementation of 96/53/EC
Example of one Member State – SWEDEN
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Public roads 138 000 km
Private roads 75 000 km receiving state subsidies
14 500 bridges on the state road network
15 000 local community and private bridges
36 ferry routes on the state road network
SWEDEN
500 km
How did we implement the new
Directives
1. First step 85/3/EC :
- projected mix of vehicles
- traffic flow
- road design
2. Second step 96/53/EC additional:
- twin tyres
- air suspension
- inflation pressure maximum 8 bars
Problems involved
• Axle loads and tyre inflation pressure affects the speed
of road degradation
• Vehicle total mass affects the lifespan of bridges
Results/Investments
Reinforcement of roads and bridges:
1. 10/16 tonnes to 10/18 tonnes was carried through from 1988 up to
1995
necessary investment 300 M € (about 3000 € / km)
2. 10/18 tonnes to 11.5/19 tonnes from 1996 onwards
necessary investment 300 M €
Step 2 also increased new road investment costs by 2 % and also
maintenence costs yearly by 25 M € for 138 000 km of main roads
Effectiveness?
• The benefit of increased bogie weights from 16-19
tonnes together with the increase of total roadtrain mass
from 51.4 to 60 tonnes is 10 times larger than the costs
for the improvements of road network in timespan 19952005
• In practice, in the longer term the cost is higher due to
tyre inflation pressure over 8 bars and in many cases
overloaded vehicles
Development of max. Roadtrain mass in
Sweden
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Before 1945 12 tonnes
1946
24.0
1952
33.5
1977
51.4
1990
56.0
1993 onwards
60.0
2008
80.0 ?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1945
1952
1990
Special Provision in 96/53/EC
There is an important exemption:
• the "modular concept", is used for national goods
transport in Sweden and Finland. It allows lorry
combinations of up to 25,25m in length (e.g. a 7,82m long
load carrier and a 13,6 m long semi-trailer) and is a
concept built on existing vehicle types available in the
Community.
• is allowed on the basis that this exemption does not have
a significant effect on international competition in these
Member States
Modular concept, 25.25 m
Some facts:
1. When 96/53/EC was adopted, all present transport
ministers, except S and FIN, did commit themselves not
to make use of the modular system until the
Commission evaluated the system with long vehicle
combinations. No report is yet issued.
2. Transport ministers from new MS and candidate
countries were not present and thus may feel free to
use the system for their domestic transport operation
How does it work in practise ?
In operation since 1998
European Standard Vehicles vs. Module System
EU
7.82 m
SWE & FIN
13.6 m
7.82 m
13.6 m
7.82 m
7.82 m
13.6 m
13.6 m
Two vehicles instead of three
• Possible to recouple to
shorter combinations
• Standard loading units
• Same volume of cargo
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Less total fuel consumption
Less emissions per tonkm
Less total room on road
Lower cost per tonkm
Less road damage
The Modular Concept is in favour of Intermodality
when using semitrailer and swap body units or containers
13.6 m
13.6 m
7.82 m
7.82 m
General development
Transport development EU 25 1990 - 2030
5000
4500
4000
3500
tkm
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990
1995
2000
EU 25 road
Source: DG-TREN Statistical pocketbook 2004
2005
2010
EU 25 rail
2015
2020
EU 25 inl water
2025
2030
Effects of 38% transport increase
(EU White Paper)
When looking at the work of 100 trucks today
3500 pallets
Today
Average
35 pallets/truck
100 trucks
8 800 m road space
4830 pallets (+38%)
+ 38% of goods,
Today’s trucks
138 trucks
12 200 m road space = 4830 pallets x 2,5
Average
52 pallets/truck
4830 pallets (+38%)
+38% of goods,
Modular Concept
93 trucks
8940 m road space = 4830 pallets x 1.85
70 m safety distance between trucks
litres/1000tonkm
200
Larger vehicles
= lower fuel consumption per tonkm
180
160
140
120
100
80
-15%
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Nominal GVW/GCW, tonnes
60
70
The future for longer Vehicle
combinations ?
Report on public consultations on the Transport White Paper
december 2005, comments from stakeholders,
- Various regions express concern on their peripheral situation
- Suggestions to improve efficiency of European logistic chains (ex.
update weight/dim. of trucks)
- In the report about Freight Transports Logistics in Europe, com.
suggests:
”It might now be opportune to seriously explore this modular concept
for Europe”
Summary
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96/53/EC is important for Int. Transport
The harmonised axle loads increases maintenence costs
Policing of axle overloads important
Open for future development
The reason is the increase in goods flow
New direction in transport policy, multimodality
Thank You !
More info: www.vv.se
[email protected]