Transcript Writing Manure Management Plans for Equine Owners

Manure Management
Plan Writing
For the Equine Owner
Why Regulations?
What’s at Stake?
Who’s Effected?
WHY? What’s the Concern?
Sediments
Nutrients
Water Quality
• KEEP CLEAN
WATER CLEAN!!
• Sediment
• Nutrients
– Nitrogen
– Phosphorus
• Biggest threat to
surface water quality
What is Erosion & Sedimentation?
• RAIN A bomb raid for
bare soil!
• DETACHMENT Rain drops on bare
soil break apart soil
aggregates
TRANSPORTATION Detached soil particles are suspended and move with
flowing water
DEPOSITION –
Suspended soil particles are
deposited – where?
Sediment in Streams
• Biggest water pollutant in PA by volume
• Increases turbidity (murky, muddy water)
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•
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Degrades water quality
Increases water temperature/decreases oxygen levels
Clogs fish gills
Suffocates bottom dwelling organisms
Prevents sunlight from reaching aquatic plants
Disrupts aquatic ecosystems
SEDIMENT NEVER TRAVELS ALONE…
Manure … What is it?
• Manure is a valuable resource
• Organic matter and soil microbes
• Micro (zinc, calcium, magnesium) nutrients
• Macro (N- P -K) nutrients
• Substitute for commercial fertilizers
– Provides plants essential nutrients
– Slow release of nutrients
• Increases infiltration of water, and water holding capacity
The Scoop on Poop …
In one year:
• PA produces 26,000,000 tons of manure (excluding
equine)
• A horse produces 20,000 lbs of manure
• A dairy cow produces 2,500 gallons of
milk and 6,000 gallons of manure
• A pig gains 250 lbs in 5 months and
produces 2,000 lbs of manure
Less than 25% of PA equine farms
use their manure.
Nutrients
• In the process of producing, storing,
transporting and land applying manure,
pathogens and nutrients (Nitrogen &
Phosphorus) can leach or be transported to
surface and ground waters
• All affect water quality
Nutrients: Nitrogen
• Can be carried into surface waters with eroded
sediments
• Can leach into ground water
• Presents a human health and livestock risk when
present in drinking water
• Very dynamic and mobile
Climate, temperature, handling and incorporation all affect nitrogen loss.
Nutrients: Phosphorus
• Excess nutrients (especially phosphorous)
cause aquatic plants and algae to bloom
• As aquatic vegetation dies, oxygen is depleted
and aquatic animals die
• Enters surface waters primarily
through EROSION
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
WHO is Regulated?
 All Animal Operations (AOs)
 All operations generating/utilizing manure
 Regulated by PA DEP (PA Clean Streams Law)
 Concentrated Animal Operations
(CAOs)
 Animal Density greater than 2 AEUs/Acre
 1 AU = 1000 lbs
 8 or more AEUs
 Regulated by PA State Conservation
Commission (Act 38)
AOs (40,000+)
CAOs (1,050+)
CAFOs (365+)
 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)
 Based on animal numbers and/or animal density
 Farms >1,000 AEUs, CAOs >300 AEUs
 Regulated by PA DEP (for US EPA)
DEP Manure Management Plan
Act 38 Nutrient Management Plan
Written By
Farmer
Certified nutrient management
planner
Cost
May be of no cost to farmer
$ varies by operation
Who
Needs
One
Farms with livestock and/or
that apply manure
Concentrated Animal
Operations; Volunteer Farms
Regulates
Animal Concentration Areas
Manure Storage
Pasture
Mechanical Manure Application
Agency
Regulated by DEP/
Conservation Districts
Regulated by SCC/
Conservation Districts
Approval
None required
Approved by Conservation
District Board
Liability
Protection
None claimed
Limited liability for civil
complaints
Example Problem
A horse operation with 10 horses on 10 acres is
regulated differently then 10 horses on 4 acres.
10 horses on 10 acres
AEU = 10
AEU/Acre = 1
Manure Management Plan
10 horses on 4 acres
AEU = 10
AEU/Acre = 2.5
Nutrient Management Plan
Animal
Animal No.
Days on
X Weight ÷ 1000 = AU X
÷ 365 = AEUs
Type Animals
Farm
(lbs)
Mature
Draft
Horse
3
÷
1000
= 5.4 X
X
÷
1000
=
X
÷ 365 =
X
÷
1000
=
X
÷ 365 =
X
÷
1000
=
X
÷ 365 =
X
÷
1000
=
X
÷ 365 =
X
1800
Total AU =
1 AU = 1,000 lbs
365
÷ 365 =
Total AEU =
Acres available for
÷
manure
Animal Density: AEU/
=
Acre
Concentrated Animal Operation (CAO) :
More than 2 AEU/Acre AND More than 8 AEUs
5.4
Total Manure Production
Animal
Daily Manure
Days on
Total Manure
AU X
X
÷ 2,000 =
Type
Production *
Farm
Produced
Mature
Draft
Horse
5.4
X
55 lb/ AU/ Day
X
365
÷
2,000
=
X
X
÷
2,000
=
X
X
÷
2,000
=
X
X
÷
2,000
=
X
X
÷
2,000
=
Total Manure Produced =
54 Tons
Total Uncollected Manure
Animal
Daily Manure Days on
AU X
X
X
Type
Production*
Pasture
Mature
Draft
Horse
5.4 X 55 lb/AU/Day X
280
X
Hours
Uncollected
on
÷ 24 ÷ 2,000 =
Manure
Pasture
11
÷ 24 ÷ 2000 =
X
X
X
÷ 24 ÷ 2000 =
X
X
X
÷ 24 ÷ 2000 =
X
X
X
÷ 24 ÷ 2000 =
X
X
X
÷ 24 ÷ 2000 =
Total Uncollected Manure =
19 Tons
Total Collected Manure
TOTAL Manure
Produced
54 Tons
-
UNCOLLECTED
Manure
=
Collected Manure
-
19 Tons
=
* 35 Tons
-
=
Amount of manure needed to
be stored and/or spread