Transcript Slide 1

Meet & Beat the NH Commercial Energy Code
Introduction
This is me…
Alan R. Mulak, PE
Energy Engineer and Consultant
(978) 486-4484
[email protected]
And who are you?
Engineers? Architects? Code Officials?
Building Operators? Builders? Other?
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Introduction
1.
2.
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5.
Thank you
Credits!
My Opinion
Breaks
Q&A
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Why do we need Energy Codes?
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Why do we need Energy Codes?
Electric Costs per kwhr
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$0.20
$0.15
$0.10
$0.05
$90
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Colored lines are local utility rates.
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Why do we need Energy Codes?
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Why do we need Energy Codes?
1995 LBL New Buildings Study:
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50% controls problems
50% unplanned air flows
40% HVAC equipment problems
25% malfunctioning:

EMS
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Economizers
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VSDs
15% missing equipment
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Why do we need Energy Codes?
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•
New technology
Environmentally correct
Motivates superior construction practices
Economic Stimulus Bill – wow!
Increased energy efficiency results:
– Easier operation and maintenance
– Less costly
– Healthier and Safer!
– Least cost alternative (for life cycle costing)
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Some thoughts about codes…
1. They are getting stronger! The IECC
2012 is looming on the horizon. Is
net-zero energy attainable?
2. Pay me now or pay me later. 2X
3. More expensive? Maybe not.
4. Getting greener.
Lewis Center at Oberlin College in
Ohio.
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Code Overview
The IECC 2009 is…
•More flexible, encourages innovative
approaches
•Applies to new construction but not to
existing buildings, historic structures, or
unaltered portion of renovation up to 50%.
•Occupancy change with increase in energy
use applies
•Non-conditioned space that becomes
conditioned applies
•And of course, exceptions found in Chapter
1, section 101.4.3, 4, 5, and 6
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Code Overview
A word about the expression “Conditioned space:”
“a cooled space, heated space, or indirectly conditioned space defined as
follows:
– cooled space: an enclosed space within a building that is cooled by a cooling
system
– heated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating
system
– Also, “conditioned” does not mean air-conditioned, it includes heated-only spaces
No
Yes
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
501 General
502 Building Envelope
503 Building Mechanical Systems
504 Hot Water
505 Power and Lighting
506 Total Building Performance
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Code Overview
Code Compliance Documentation Methods:
1.
2.
3.
4.
COMcheck – stay tuned
Code Book – written documentation required
LEED
Advanced Building by NBI
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•501 General
“…Commercial buildings shall meet either
requirements of ASHRAE 90.1 or this chapter.”
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope
The envelope requirements focus on four
major components:
1. Insulation
2. Glazing
3. Air Leakage
4. Moisture Control
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Code Overview
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope
1. Insulation values have increased
2. Charts simplified
3. Recessed lighting – WOW!
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Code Overview
502.4.8
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Very little heat
Dimmable
High CRI
Roughly 75% energy savings
Some Utility incentives
Long life
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost!
2. Some “snake oil”
502.4.8
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
Incandescent 65W BR30 - Total Power =5,135W
LR6 - Total Power =948W
502.4.8
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope
Insulation below grade walls 502.2.4
1. 10 feet below finished grade
2. Insulation R - 7.5 required
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope
Insulation below grade walls 502.2.4
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
502.2.4
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope
Thermal Bridging 502.2.3
Continuous insulation
over framing reduces
thermal bridge
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope: “U” Factors and SHGC 502.2.3
The U-value (or U-factor), more correctly called the overall heat transfer
coefficient, describes how well a building element conducts heat. It measures
the rate of heat transfer through a building element over a given area, under
standardized conditions
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) measures how well a window blocks
heat from sunlight. The SHGC is the fraction of the heat from the sun that
enters through a window. SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
The lower a window's SHGC, the less solar heat it transmits.
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope:“U” Factors and SHGC 502.2.3
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•502 Building Envelope:“U” Factors and SHGC 502.2.3
Unintended consequences
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems:
Major components:
1. Equipment Performance
2. Controls
3. Ventilation
4. Duct and pipe sealing / insulation
5. Unitary or Packaged Equipment
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
EER
-
AFUE
-
HSPF
-
SEER
-
IPLV
-
Energy Efficiency Ratio
(Full Load Performance)
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency
(Part Load Performance)
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor
(Part Load Performance)
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
(Part Load Performance)
Integrated Part-Load Value
(Part Load Performance)
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Equipment Performance has increased
significantly over previous codes.
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
About 40% more efficient
Individual control
Nearly silent
No ductwork!
AC and heat
Utility incentive
On the Minus Side:
503.2.3
1. Cost!
2. Backup for zero or below
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
503.2.3
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Saves 740 therms per 100,000 BTUs
Individual control
Silent
Gas Utility rebate
It really works!!!
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost!
2. Must be able to see you
3. Must have gas or propane
503.2.3
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Controls:
1. Snow melt
2. Demand Control Ventilation
3. Energy Recovery Ventilation
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Controls:
Snow melt
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems - Controls: Demand Control
Ventilation
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Controls:
Energy Recovery Ventilation
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Major components:
Duct and pipe sealing / insulation
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Code Overview
503.2.7 Duct and pipe sealing / insulation
No
All joints, longitudinal and transverse seams,
and connections must be securely fastened and
sealed with:
welds
gaskets
mastics (adhesives)
mastics plus fabric tapes
Additional requirements for medium and high
pressure ducts
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503.2.9.3 Manuals
1. Operations and Maintenance
2. Commissioning
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Code Overview…O&M
…estimated to save 5% to 20% on energy bills without a significant
capital investment.
In addition to energy/resource savings, a well-run O&M program will:
• Increase the safety of all staff, as properly maintained equipment is
safer equipment.
• Ensure the comfort, health and safety of building occupants through
properly functioning equipment providing a healthy indoor environment.
• Confirm the design life expectancy of equipment is achieved.
• Facilitate the compliance with federal legislation such as the Clean Air
Act and the Clean Water Act.
503.2.9
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Code Overview…Commissioning
Commissioning of existing buildings is critical to ensure energy efficient
operation.
Additional benefits include extended equipment life, increased tenant
satisfaction through improved space comfort, improved indoor air quality,
and fewer O&M emergency calls.
The reported average cost to recommission is usually in the range of
$0.05/SF to $0.40/SF. The simple payback period on these efforts is
usually less than 2 years and quite frequently less than 0.5 year.
503.2.9
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Commissioning
Quick Case Study: down 27%
Electric 2006 vs 2009
30000
25000
kwhrs
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
jan feb mar apr may jun
jul aug sep oct nov dec
Commissioning
Quick Case Study: down 30%
Gas 2006 vs 2009
8000
7000
therms
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
503.2.10.1 No more over sizing of motors!
503.2.10.2 Heating outside the shell must
be controlled by sensor
Motor Master software demo
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems
Major components - Compliance Approach:
Simple (single systems)
or
Complex (not simple)?
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems - Simple
Minimal effort but equally stringent requirements
Limited to …
– Buildings with 1 or 2 stories
– Buildings less than 25,000 sf
– Single-zone systems (unitary or split)
– Etc.
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503 Building Mechanical Systems - Complex
503.4.5: “…designed and capable of being controlled to
reduce primary air supply to each zone…”
Match HVAC input with Occupancy!
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
Complex HVAC systems require varying
controls, typically a VFD.
On the plus side:
1. Use the free software to calculate
savings
2. About 33% more efficient than without
3. Great results!
4. Utility incentive
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost!
2. Installation can be tricky
Variable Speed Drive
software demo
503.4.5
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•503.4.6 Heat Recovery for service water
heating
1. Must be a 24/7 operation
2. Applies to large systems only:
•6 million BTU/hr or greater
3. Except when solar is being used
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cost effective for many applications
Gas utility incentive
Tax credits available
Little maintenance
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost!
2. Need storage tank(s)
503.4.6
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•504 Service Water Heating
Major components:
1. Equipment Performance
2. Temperature Controls
3. Pipe Insulation
4. Pool Heater Switches and Controls
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•504 Service Water Heating
Pool Controls must be:
1. Accessible
2. No standing flames
3. Occupant and/or schedule controlled
4. Covers need to be R-12 (except solar
heated)
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Save 33% for many applications
Use no energy when empty
Gas utility incentive
Great for distant locations
Proven technology
On the Minus Side:
1. Must be point of use
2. Not for continuous use
504.2
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
Existing
Teledyne Laars Mighty Therm
Proposed
Rinnai RC80HPi
Estimated Consumption - 10 units
Savings
Input
Efficiency
Average Usage
Annual Therms
858000
81%
13676
Input
Efficiency
MMBTU
150000
97%
154639
Therms
Units
Total Therms
309
10
3093
10583
1.5
$
15,874.82
Cost
$
3,000.00
10
$
30,000.00
Rebate
$
700.00
10
$
7,000.00
SPB
$
23,000.00
$
15,874.82
1.45
504.2
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
1. Controls
2. Lighting Power Density
3. Exterior Lighting
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting Major components:
Controls
1. Switches or Sensors
2. Sleeping Units
3. Daylight zone controls
4. Exterior Lighting
5. Exceptions; stairwells and emergency areas
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
Controls
1. Must reduce by at least 50%
2. Dual Switching OK
3. Middle Lamp off OK
4. Either occupancy or schedule or EMS
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Save 100 kwhr per year
Electric utility incentive
Controls cube farms
Easy to install
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost!
2. Some adjustment may be required
505.2.2
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
Lighting Power Density
COMCheck software demo!
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
505.5.1
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
1. If not COMcheck, calculate via 505.5.1
and 505.5.2
2. Many exceptions!
3. Table 505.5.3 for allowances
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
Lighting for the following can be excluded:
505.5.1
􀂃 Theatrical, stage, film, and video production
􀂃 Used only during medical and dental procedures
􀂃 Display/accent in exhibits/displays for museums, monuments, and galleries
􀂃 Plant growth or maintenance
􀂃 Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by manufacturer
􀂃 Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases
􀂃 Food warming and food prep equipment
􀂃 In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions
􀂃 Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with visual impairment and
other medical and age related issues.
􀂃 In spaces specifically designated as registered interior historic landmarks
􀂃 Integral part of advertising or directional signage
􀂃 Exit signs
􀂃 Sale or lighting educational demonstration systems
􀂃 For television broadcasting of sporting activities
􀂃 Casino gaming areas
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
More than 50% energy reduction
Some electric utility incentives
Very long life
Huge maintenance reduction
Good CRI
On the Minus Side:
505.5.1
1. Cost!
2. Heat may be an issue
3. And did I mention cost!!
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Better quality of light
Excellent electric utility incentives
Constant improvements
Proven technology
On the Minus Side:
1. None if you plan to group relamp
505.5.1
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Roughly 40% reduced electricity
Better quality of light
Excellent electric utility incentives
Can be controlled!!!!
Proven technology
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost
2. Not above 50 feet
505.5.1
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
Exterior Lighting
1. Minimum efficacy requirement
2. Governed by Zone Table 505.6.2
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•505 Power and Lighting
Major components:
Exterior Lighting
Full cutoff required!
505.6.2
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
On the plus side:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Roughly 20% reduction
Far less lumen depreciation
“Green” product
Reduced maintenance
Longer life
On the Minus Side:
1. Cost
2. Little or no utility incentive
505.6.2
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•506 Total Building Performance
Major components:
1. Compare proposed to code
2. Demonstrate cost effectiveness
3. Flexible
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•506 Total Building Performance
Energy Modeling
1. Used primarily for non-typical
buildings with renewables, highly
glazed, unique envelope designs, etc.
2. Expensive!
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Code Overview
Commercial Energy Efficiency - Chapter 5
•506 Total Building Performance
Energy Modeling Software
1. DOE-2
2. eQuest
3. Trace
4. HAP
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
• EPA Energy Star Building Portfolio Manager
Energy Star software demo
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
O&M
• www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/omguide_complete.pdf
VSDs
• www.alliantenergy.com/UtilityServices/ForYourBusiness/EnergyExpertis
e/EnergyEfficiency/index.htm
White Roof
• www.ornl.gov/sci/roofs+walls/facts/CoolCalcPeak.htm
Motors
• www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/software_motormaster.
html
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Code Overview – meet or Beat Code
LEED EBOM:
Take a look at the handout
Green Technologies:
1. Ground source heat pump
2. Photovoltaic
3. Solar-Hot Water
4. Wind
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Thank you! Questions?
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