Transcript 4 Framework RTD Programme TORCH Technical, Economical and

Directorate General for Energy and Transport
European Commission
From Research to Policy:
Future Developments at Airports in the
Vision 2020
Presented by
Cesare Bernabei
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Air Transport System
Is growing steadily since the last ten years
and it is expected to do so…
…despite the 9/11 event, the SARS,…
for the next twenty years will keep on
growing
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Typical summer daily traffic 2003
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Typical summer daily traffic 2025
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The Air Transport System
How does it work?
Who are the main actors?
What are the major issues of the system?
How is it regulated?
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Air Transport System
The system, at large, includes:
service providers,
airport authorities,
operators,
airspace users,
regulators,
Infrastructures and…
passengers
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Air Transport System
The system as any other includes:
Social aspects
Economical aspects
Regulatory aspects
Air Traffic Management aspects
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Air Transport System
Let’s focus on the
Air Traffic Management aspects for
airports
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Single European Sky Initiative
Through its Regulations on
Organisation and Use of the Airspace
Provision of Air Navigation Services
Interoperability of the European Air Traffic
Management Network
will provide the frame for the Airspace
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Single European Sky Initiative
While the new regulations on the airspace provide
a more efficient system, the airports will become
the real bottle-neck for aviation.
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Single European Sky Initiative
In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in
Europe, there are three options:
 enlarge, build new airports
 better use of existing ones, including regional
airports
 improve the efficiency and management at
existing airports
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The Single European Sky Initiative
While
• the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and
long-term planning, (enlarge/ build new airports)
• the second is certainly being exploited whenever possible,
but with certain conditions (regional airports)
• the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at
any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and
time-saving (improve efficiency & management)
•So…
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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What can Research do in order to
help Policy to establish effective
regulations for a
•safe,
•efficient and
•environmentally friendly
Air Traffic Management at
airports?
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Is the flight ended
when
the aircraft has landed?
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Final Phases of Flight
Gate / Stand
Apron entrance report
(from Surveillance)
Landing report
(from Surveillance)
Runway safety area
Taxi
clearance
Final Approach report
(from Surveillance)
Aircraft sequenced
(from Arrival Manager)
30 minutes
before touch down
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Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
Apron
Twy
Rwy
Final Approach
Exit
proposal
Landing
clearance
Apron
controller
Ground
controller
Tower controller
Approach controller
ACC
RESEARCH AREAS
Approach and Landing Operations
Airports Air-side and Land-side
Optimisation
Airport Surface Operations
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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RESEARCH AREAS
Approach and Landing Operations
Integration of
•Arrival
•Departure
•Ground Movement
planning systems
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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RESEARCH AREAS
Approach and Landing Operations
The results obtained from these
activities provide the basis for an
optimised flow of traffic but
requires that all the functions are well
coordinated
Basis for all CDM applications
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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RESEARCH AREAS
Airports Air-side and Land-side
Optimisation
Through the modelling of all the operations both by the
air-side and by the land-side, we have created a userfriendly tool to assess the necessary developments and
the impact of new installations
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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RESEARCH AREAS
Airport Surface Operations
Major achievements have been obtained in
this area to support improvements in airport
operations and in its management
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RESEARCH AREAS
Airport Surface Operations
Let’s analyse the research activities in this
area and let see how this could be translated
into a common requirement
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Final Phases of Flight
Gate / Stand
Apron entrance report
(from Surveillance)
Landing report
(from Surveillance)
Runway safety area
Taxi
clearance
Final Approach report
(from Surveillance)
Aircraft sequenced
(from Arrival Manager)
30 minutes
before touch down
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Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
Apron
Twy
Rwy
Final Approach
Exit
proposal
Landing
clearance
Apron
controller
Ground
controller
Tower controller
Approach controller
ACC
Let’s take a mid-size airport
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Prague
Ruzyne
Airport
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Control
Towers
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From the Control Tower
On a bright day
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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From the Control Tower
On a foggy day
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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What the controller
do in such conditions?
Pick up the R/T and
call the aircraft
However now the technology can
provide him/her with a more positive
and reliable support
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The Ground Controller
Day,
night, in
fog
or...
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The Ground Controller must
Survey
Control
Plan
&
Guide
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Research & Development Activities at
DG-TREN
Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport
together with DG-RTD and DG-INFSO
has supported R&D Activities in the field of
A-SMGCS or
Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and
Control Systems
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The requirements
“An Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control
System (A-SMGCS) is expected to provide adequate
capacity and safety in relation to the specific weather
conditions, traffic density and aerodrome layout by use
of modern technologies and a high level of integration
between the various functionality.”1
1: ICAO - Draft MANUAL OF A-SMGCS, 2001
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The A-SMGCS Environment
Aircraft
Obstacles
Vehicles
Ground
Controller
A-SMGCS
Surveillance
Control
Routing/
Guidance
Planning
External Systems
ATC Systems
Airport Systems
Airline Systems
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Demonstrator’s Functional Architecture
Traffic Objects
Flight plans
ARAMIS
Pilot HMI
Pilot
DAFUSA
DA VINCI
AIRPORT-G
Other planning
Sensors
Guidance means
DAFUSA
Planning/routing
Surveillance
MANTEA
AIRPORT-G
MANTEA
Monitoring/Control
Guidance
MANTEA
ATHOS
Controller HMI
Controllerdi Milano
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Surveillance
An adequate set of Sensors
provides the controller with a complete
knowledge of all movements including
identification of any object
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Controller
Working
Position
Surveillance Display
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Control
Provides the controller with an alert in
events like
• crossing runways
• restricted areas incursion
• separation criteria infringement
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Control
Runway
Incursion
Alert
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Guidance
On-board guidance tested through:
•Guidance aid response time
•clearance from CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
•taxi route given by CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
External guidance tested through:
•External panels
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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On-board Guidance
External Guidance
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Planning
• Electronic Flight Strips
• Routing
• Co-ordination Arrival / Ground Movement /
Departure
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Planning
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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The A-SMGCS Concept has been
proven and tested within the
•DEFAMM project (1995-1998)
•Demonstration of architecture
•BETA project (1999-2003)
•Assessment of the architecture
•EMMA 1 & 2 project (2003-2007)
•Benefit quantification & airborne link
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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DEFAMM Project
Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS
Concept testing various equipment at the
airports of
• Köln/ Bonn (DE)
• Orly Paris (FR)
• Braunschweig (DE)
• Bergamo (IT)
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DEFAMM Project
Functional Tests
Surveillance & Identification
Surveillance coverage
Taxi Plan Generation and Presentation
Guidance with ground based guidance means
Guidance with “on-board guidance means”
Detection of Runway Incursion
Control of vehicle intrusion into prohibited
areas
Control of plan deviation
Control of separation between two mobiles
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DEFAMM Project
Functional Structure
SURVEILLANCE
CONTROL
ASDE
ASDE
Extractor
E-Scan
ASDE
ROUTING
PLANNING
HMI
External
Systems
Air Traffic Services
Airport Systems
Airline Systems
Data Fusion
Identification
Mode S
Localisation
Conflict
Handling
Flow
Planning
Guidance
Processing
DGPS
Controller
Work. Pos.
Gnd -Based
Guidance
GUIDANCE
Aircraft
Ctrl. Vehicles
Pilot / Driver
Assistant Systems
DGPS
Sensors
Data Base
Data Store
TEST & MANAGEMENT
Technical
Sys Control
VHF
Subnetwork
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20-21COMMUNICATION
Gennaio 2005
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DEFAMM Project
Operative Tests
Surveillance & Control
Surveillance & Positive Identification, Plan
Deviation, Conflicts, Control of Separation
Planning
Taxi plans generation, presentation &
Destination
changes
Guidance
Guidance execution
via Ground Based Guidance Means &
On Board Guidance Means
Complex Operational Procedure
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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DEFAMM Project
Operative Tests
25
L
In area A3-E-A5-A-A3 with
onboard and ground based
guidance, respectively
14L
Start of veh.
2&3
(Tower controller has to agree prior to
entering or crossing the runway)
D
STOP BAR
SWITCHABLE
LIGHT
SEGMENT
CENTRELINE
C
32R
Separation via light
segments
Vehicle 2
A
A5
A4
A3
G
A2
A1
A
G
EE
A
A
TWR
obstacle
C
GAT
Negotiation on
planning for
departure for all
3 veh.
incursion
Vehicles 1+3
B
Identification
of obstacle
T
a/c (veh.1)
landing with
negotiated
landing
route
T2
14R
32L
original taxiplan
Separation problem
Positive aircraft
identification by
change of vehicles
for A1 and A
C1
taxiplan followed
B
C
Y
changed taxiroute
Z
special route veh. 1
07
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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BETA Project
Different configurations of ground-based
A-SMGCS where tested at three airports
• Prague Ruzine (CZ)
• Hamburg (DE)
• Braunschweig (DE)
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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BETA Project
VIDEO
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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EMMA 1 Project
The assessment of Surveillance and Control
Functions Requirements is being tested at three
European airports
• Prague Ruzine (CZ)
• Milan Malpensa (IT)
• Toulouse Blagnac (FR)
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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EMMA 2 Project
The assessment and test of Guidance and
Planning Functions Requirements, using
equipped scheduled flight aircraft are carried
on at
• Prague Ruzine (CZ)
• Milan Malpensa (IT)
• Toulouse Blagnac (FR)
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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EMMA 2 Project
System Architecture
of the Airborne Site
INS
High Accuracy
Positioning
A/C pos avail to all systems
VHF
Aug
GNSS
FMS
CPDLC
Arpt db ?
EVS
Dlk
TBD
HUDC SGS/
EVS/SVS
HUD
HDD
EIS
Arpt data
Cues, Traffic ?
Moving Map
Traffic, Cues
ATSU
Arpt db?
CPDLC, Arpt db ?
Arpt db
Airport NAV
Moving Map
Data Base
Runway Awareness
Arpt data
AFS
Selected
Arpt/Rwy
DCDU
Onboard
Data load
Arpt db
Cues
Ctl data
Traffic, Alerts
Traffic
Computer
cmds
BSCU
cmds
EFCS
Pilots
Inputs
Alerts
FWS
Alerts
ADS-B TIS-B
Glossary:
INS
GNSS
HUD
EVS
HDD
EIS
BSCU
AFS
HUDC
SGS
SVS
EFCS
FMS
VHF
ATSU
DCDU
MCDU
CPDLC
FSW
ES
Inertial Navigation System
Global Navigation Satellite Sys
Head Up Display
Extended Vision System
Head Down Display
Electronic Instrument System
Braking/Steering Control Unit
Auto Flight System
Head Up Display Computer
Surface Guidance System
Synthetic Vision System
Electrical Flight Control System
Flight Management System
Very High Frequency
Air Traffic Services Unit
Datalink Control and Display U
Multipurpose Control & Display
Controller Pilot Data Link Com
Flight Warning System
Extended Squitter
1090 ES
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
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How can these technical and
operational achievements
support Policy?
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Research support to Policy
These results have already been used to fill the ICAO ASMGCS European Manual
Thus providing a common baseline for Airport
Authorities to procure the appropriate system for a given
level of safety and efficiency
Through this yardstick, it is possible to evaluate the
actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the
implemented level of safety
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Further more...
Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to
evaluate future airport expansion and its impact on
the environment
Precise allocation of responsibilities, allows to assess
causes of accidents and of delays
More realistic slot allocation can be implemented
Ultimately a better Quality of Service
can be offered to passengers
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Research support to Policy
In September 2003, with the support of the Member
States, we have presented a proposal at the ICAO Air
Navigation Conference to support the implementation of
this Manual not only in Europe but worldwide
In October 2004 we brought it to the attention of the
ICAO General Assembly
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Contents
• The Air Transport System
• The Single European Sky Initiative
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• Video
• From Research to Policy
• The Way Forward
Politecnico di Milano
20-21 Gennaio 2005
63
The Way forward
Starting from the fact that
A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the
basis for a good regulation
The support by Member States is necessary to
implement common rules and operations
The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a
worldwide implementation
So...
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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These results will be used to
support the preparation of
European Commission Regulations on
Airport Capacity Regulation
Airport Safety Regulation
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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To know more about these…
http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/air/single_sky/financial/index_en.htm
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/aeronautics/index_en.html
http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/extra/web/index.cfm
http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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Any Question?
Any
Question
?
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20-21 Gennaio 2005
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