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PA Continuum of Competence Additional Resources Clinical Doctorate? Further Training Additional Certifications Pre-PA Education Early Career ~0-6 Years Specialty Focus Mid-Career ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Residency CME Credentialing Preparatory Education Licensure Certification Non-Clinical Roles Administration Research Teaching Academic Pursuits Non-Clinical Roles Professional Involvement Leadership Roles 1 Pre-PA Education Phase Pre-PA Education Early Career ~0-6 Years Mid-Career ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •Primary Education •Secondary Education •Undergraduate Institutions •AAPA •SAAAPA •PAEA •Undergraduate advisors •State chapters •Mentors •PA programs •Employers •Social network Issues •Difference between traditional college and “pre-health” Key Questions for Session •What are pipeline implications on Quality, Diversity, Quantity, Financial Impact? •Does potential applicant pool (target audience) change? •How does the reputation of the PA profession change? •How would a doctorate influence preparation for PA programs? 2 Entry Level PA Education Phase Entry Level PA Education Pre-PA Education Mid-Career ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Early Career ~0-6 Years Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •NCCPA Prep •PAEA •Program/faculty •Educational institution •Grant agencies (HRSA, etc.) •ARC-PA (42 programs) •Preceptors •PA employers •AAPA/SAAAPA •State Boards •PAF •Foundations Issues •Less work experience •Younger population •Pipeline •Diversification of professors •Accreditation •Lack of standard prerequisites •Cost & Financial Aid •Overwhelming content •Lack of faculty •Lack of clinical sites & remuneration •Diversity of membership (degrees) •Insufficient data •Funding Issues (cont) •Diversity •Faculty Development & Retention •Lack of understanding of PA role & education process •Advising challenges •Balancing program mission with institution’s motivations •Regulation •Lack of standard credential •Supply of grads •Lack of representation at university and policy levels Key Questions for Session •What are implications for PA programs and institutions •Doctoral-level faculty •Accreditation •Program length •Curriculum •Quality of clinical practice •What are implications on costs and tuition? •How do we justify another doctorate in the domain of medicine? 3 Early Career Phase Pre-PA Education Early Career Mid-Career ~0-6 Years ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •Employers •NCCPA •State boards •Physicians •Other PA’s •Other HC Professionals •Institutions •SAAAPA •AAPA •State chapters •Specialty Orgs •CME providers Issues •Finding employment •Licensing & credentialing •Demonstrating competence •Liability insurance •Contracts & legal issues •Evolving competence •Appropriate confidence •Personal transitions •Accountability •Professional identification •Departure rate •Managing expectations for PA roles •Specialty choice •“Dual citizenship” – generalist vs. specialist knowledge Key Questions for Session •What are implications for •PA Preparation •Clinical outcomes •Patient Care •System-wide & populationwide results •Recruitment & distribution (specialty, geography) •Earning potential •Debt burden •Departure rates •PA/Physician relationship •PA Reputation & Attitude •Practice of Medicine •Economics of Medicine •Relations with other HC professions 4 Mid-Career Phase Pre-PA Education Early Career Mid-Career ~0-6 Years ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •Physicians •Other PA’s •Other HC Professionals •Professional associations •Academic institutions & grad schools •Employers •PA Programs •PAEA •CME providers •NCCPA •AAPA •ARC-PA •Specialty organizations Issues •Need for recognition of content expertise •Assuming other (non-clinical) roles (leadership, administrative, preceptor, teaching, etc.) •Acknowledged success in practice area •Advanced degrees important •Acuity of “dual citizenship” •Job transitions – new proof of competence to new employers •2nd & 3rd Recertifications more painful •PA/MD relationship strained when PA has more knowledge Key Questions for Session •How to deal with existing PA’s? “Grandfathering”? •What are implications for •Need for recognition and status •Career advancement •Policy in 3rd party payers/reimbursement •Licensing & certification •Legislative & Regulatory •Patient perceptions & expectations 5 Late Career Phase Pre-PA Education Early Career ~0-6 Years Mid-Career ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •Physicians •Other PA’s •Other HC Professionals •Professional associations •Academic institutions & grad schools •Employers •PA Programs •PAEA •CME providers •NCCPA •AAPA •ARC-PA •Specialty organizations Issues •Transition from full-time clinical to other options •Don’t wait until too late to gain transition skills •Need a hobby, other interests, a life! Key Questions for Session •What is the viability of a bridge program for PA’s to become MD’s or DO’s? 6 PA Continuum of Competence Pre-PA Education Early Career ~0-6 Years Mid-Career ~6-18 Years Late Career ~18+ Years Retirement Clinical Career Choice Decision Didactic Preparatory Education Entry Level PA Education Preparatory Education Stakeholders in Phase •Family •Social Network •Profession & professional organizations Issues •Planning for retirement •Meaningful contributions to profession Key Questions for Session •Implications for retirement age 7