Transcript Document

The Pollution Status of Surface Sediments
along the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea
Mürşide Sur, Halil. I. Sur, Reşat Apak, Erol Erçağ
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Why sediments are important ?
• Resources (petroleum and natural gas,
minerals, etc.)
• Record of past processes and conditions on
the earth.
( Rates of continental erosion and transport by
rivers, Biological activity in surface waters etc.)
• Aquatic life
Sediment Pollution: Contaminants & loose particles from soil, rock,
suspended in a body of water
settle to the bottom
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Sources of sediment &pollutants
Sediment
Sea Water
Natural:
Weathering
of rocks
and soil
Atm
Antropogenic : can be result of (directly & runoff)
Mining
Industrial Domestic
Agricultural
River
*Metal form (org,inor, dis,part.)
*Presence of other substances
*Water system (T,S,DO, pH,current,etc)
*Biological system (age,size,activity etc)
*Dissolution,
*Sorption onto org.
inorg particles
* Precipitation
* Transportation
*Products of weathering and erosion
*Biogenic particles produced
*Chemical precipitates
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Sampling Stations in Autumn 2010
Background(2) Al:8 Cd:0,3 Cu:57
Pb:20 Hg:0,4 V:130
1.Hâkanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research 14: 975 1001. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
2.Krauskopf, K. B. (1967). Introduction to geochemistry. International Series in the Earth and planetary sciences. Mc Graw- Hill, USA
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Sampling Stations
Contamination Factor of Aluminum
Kaolinite:
(Al2Si2O5 (OH)4)
C
M
L
Al ; moderately enrichment (Yomra)
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Sampling Stations
Contamination Factor of Cadmium
C
M
L
Cd; considerable level enrichment (Bartın)
6
Sampling Stations
VH
>6
Contamination Factor of Copper
C
M
L
Cu; Very high level enrichment (SK1)
7
Sampling Stations
Contamination Factor of Lead
C
M
L
Pb; considerable level enrichment (SK1)
8
Sampling Stations
Contamination Factor of Mercury
VH
C
M
L
Hg; Very high level enrichment (Giresun)
9
Sampling Stations
Contamination Factor of Vanadium
VH
C
M
L
V; Very high level enrichment (Yeşilırmak R)
Essential for some species,
accumulate in tunicates, ascidians
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The degree of sediment contamination in the Black Sea
VH
C
M
L
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Facilities:
Mercury
(old mine)
Cement, tea-plant
Cigarettes,
hazelnut, food
Tea-plant,
cigarette,
wood,smelting
Paper,
food
Iron-stell, Paper,
Thermal-power plant
Coal region, ındustrial
chemicals, fertilizer,
textile, wood,cementceramic
Copper smelting,
Fertilizer plant, Cement
Industrial chemicals
Food, Textile, cigarettes
Wood
Food,
cement,
paper
Copper production
Thermal-powerplant
Tea &hazelnut,
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Ranking order of sediment contamination
Moderate
6< CD < 12
Considerable
12< CD <24
VH
CD > 24
Low
CD < 6
Station
Cf > 6
VH
3<Cf <6
C
SK1
V> Cu
Hg> Pb
SK2
Hopa
Ordu
Çayeli
Trabzon
Yeşilırmak
Akçaabat
Pazar
Giresun
Araklı
Samsun
Zonguldak
Rize
Bartın
Kızılırmak
Cide
Sakarya
Terkos
Yomra
İnebolu
Sinop1
Sinop2
Ereğli
İgneada
Şile
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Hg
Hg
Hg
Hg
-
1< Cf <3
M
Cf <1
L
Cd
Al
Hg > Pb
Cu> Cd
Al
Hg
Cd>Cu>Pb
Al
Hg
Pb>Cd
Cu>Al
Hg
Cd>Pb>Cu
Al
Hg>Pb>Cd>Cu
Al
Hg
Pb>Cd
Cu>Al
Hg>Cu>Pb>Cd
Al
Hg
Cd>Pb
Al>Cu
Pb>Cd
V>Al>Cu
Hg
Pb>Al>V> Cd
Cu
Hg
Pb>V>Cu
Cd>Al
Hg
Pb>Cd>V
Cu>Al
Hg
Pb>Al>Cd>V
Cu
Cd
Hg>Cu=Pb
V>Al
V
Pb>Cd> Cu>Al
Pb
Cd>V>Cu>Al
Hg
Cd>Pb>V
Cu>Al
Pb
Al>Cd>V>Cu
Pb>Al>Cd> Cu>Hg>V
Hg
Pb>Cu
V>Al>Cd
Hg
Pb>Cd>V>Al>Cu
Hg
Pb
Cd>Al>V>Cu
Hg
Cd
Al>Cu>Pb>V
Hg
Al
Pb>Cd>V>Cu
Hg
Pb
Cd>Al>V>Cu
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Source
Smelters , Mining and manufacturing
(ceramics, cement..)
Metal based industries; electroplating,
steel industry
Batteries
Paints
Petroleum refineries and coal
manufacturing Burning of fossil fuel
Power plant (coal-oil fired)
Water treatment and pipe system
Agricultural to prevent
disease,fertilizer
Catalyst (Chlor-alkali plants, )
Instruments,Medical,thermometer,lamp
Paper and pulp
Metals
Al,Cu,Pb,V,Cd,Hg
Cd, Cu, Pb, V
Cd,Pb, Hg
Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg,V
Pb, Hg, V
Al, Cu, Pb
Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg
Hg, V
Hg
Hg
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untreated
SUMMARY
Industrial ,
*SK1 Very high contaminated
domestic waste discharges
*SK2 Considerably contaminated
Agricultural runoff
* Şile Low degree contaminated
* EBS considerable degree contaminated
* WBS moderately contaminated
Hg and V dominant pollutants
Al, Cd, Cu, Pb moderately or low level pollutants
To prevent;
*Erosion control (stream bank fencing , reducing impervious surfaces,
creating rain garden, strip cropping etc.)
*Waste water treatment – industrial -domestic,
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THANK YOU
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