Transcript Merrill’s Component Display Theory (II)

Merrill’s Component Display Theory
(II)
Presentation Taxonomy
A Review of First Two Taxonomies:
• Performance taxonomy
- Remember
- Use
- Find
• Subject-matter taxonomy (Content)
- Fact
- Concept
- Procedure
- Principle
Component Display Theory
Find
procedural
Find
principle
Find
Concept
Cognitive
Find
Use
Concept
Intellectual
Verbal
Use
Procedural
Use
Principle
Use
Remember
Remember
Fact
Remember
Concept
Remember
Procedural
Remember
principle
Principle
Fact
Concept
Procedural
The Third Taxonomy
• Presentation taxonomy
- Primary presentation
- Secondary presentation
Legend
E-tell/expository
G-generality
I – question/inquisitory
eg-example, instance
c-context
p-prerequisite
mnemenic-mn
r-alternative representation
FB-feedback
ca-correct answer
h-help
N – new example
P-paraphrase
Component Display Theory
Performance-PPF consistency
Presentation
Find
Practice
Performance
Iegs.N, IG.N
Iegs.N, IG.N
FB’u
Use
EG, Eegs
EG’h, EG’p, EG’r, Eeg’h, Eeg’r
Remember
Generality
Paraphrase
Remember
Generality
Verbatim
Eg, Eeg
Iegs.N
Ieg’r, FB’h
IG.P
IG.P
FB’ca.h
EG’mn, Eeg’h
EG
Iegs.N
IG
IG
Iegs.r
Iegs.r
EG’mn
Remember
Instance
Paraphrase
Remember
Instance
Verbatim
Eeg
Eeg’r
Eeg
Ieg’r, FB’ca.h
Ieg
Ieg
FB’ca
Component Display Theory
cont’d
Content-PPF consistency
Generality
Symbol – Symbol
Symbol – Object
Symbol - Event
Fact
Concept
Procedure
Instance
Practice
Generality
Practice
Symbol - ?
Object - ?
Event - ?
Definition:
Example:
Classify:
State Definition:
•Name
•Superordinate class
•Attributes
•relationships
•Name
•Object, event symbol
•Attributes present
•representation
•New object event, or
symbol
•Attributes present
•representation
•Name
•Paraphrase or verbatim
•?(definition)
Process:
Demonstration:
Demonstration:
•Goal
● branches
•Name
•Steps
•Order
•decisions
•Goal
•Name
•Materials
•Sequential execution
•representation
Explanation:
•Goal
•New materials
•Response
representation
Explain:
•Goal
•Paraphrase or
verbatim
•Response
representation
State Relationship:
•Name
•Event, situation, or
problem
•representation
•Name
•New problem
•Response
representation
•Name
•Paraphrase or verbatim
•Response
representation
Proposition:
Principle
Instance
•Name
•Component concepts
•Causal relationships
State Steps:
Intake
Air/fuel mixture
Learning Objectives
Students will learn how
pistons work in a four-cylinder
engine.
They will learn the concepts
and procedures related to the
work of pistons.
They will examine the procedures
of one piston and how it works
with other piston (in this case, three
other pistons) to generate power.
… Compression … Power …
Exhaust
Step 1: Identify knowledge components
- Concepts
- Procedures
Step 2: Identify performance levels
- Remember
- Use
• Primary presentation forms
– Teach the general concept
– Give an example
Instructional strategies for
primary presentation:
EG, Eeg
Tell/Expository (E)
Rule or generality
Generality (G)
Example
Instance (eg)
• What are the issues associated with learning
concepts and procedures?
Concept
- boundary overlap
- lack of context
- other?
Procedure
- steps/sequence
- logical relationship between steps
- other?
• Boundary overlap
– Classifications of concepts
– Dimensions of the concepts
Support strategies:
- Memorization
- Context
- Pre-requisites
Instructional strategies for secondary presentation:
EG, EG’p, Eeg’c, EG’mn, EG’ca, EG’h, EG’r
Learning the Concept
EG
Eeg
EG’c
Eeg’c
Memorization
EG’mn
EG’mn
Pre-requisites
EG’p
Help
EG’h
Feedback
EG’ca
Context
1
Objective
Prerequisites?
No
Yes
Concept of
piston
No
Examples
Eeg
EG’p
No
1
Definition
EG
Correctly define the concept?
Memorize definition?
Define
concept
EG’ca
EG’h
yes
Concept
dimensions
Yes
No
Memoriza
tion
EG’mn
EG’h
EG’ca
….
Levels of answers and associated
support
1.
2.
3.
Correctly define the concept
Incomplete
E.g., Sea gull is a bird (lives on fish)
Support: EG’h, Eeg’c
Too broad
E.g., Oxygen is critical to everything
alive (doesn’t apply to plants)
Support: EG’h, Eeg’c
Legend
E-expository
G-generality
eg-example
h-help
c-context
p-prerequisite
mnemenic-mn
r-alternative representation
ca-correct answer
CDT
Content-PPF consistency
Generality
Symbol
Fact
Concept
e.g., p = piston
Instance
Practice
Generality
Practice
Symbol
e.g., p = piston
Definition:
Example:
Classify:
State Definition:
•Name
•Superordinate class
•Attributes
•relationships
•representation
•representation
•Paraphrase or verbatim
Process:
Procedure
Instance
Demonstration:
Demonstration:
State Steps:
•representation
•Paraphrase or
verbatim
•representation
•Steps
•representation
Demo