Transcript Slide 1

“The History of the Spanish in the Philippines begins and ends with the Friar.”

(Archbishop) (Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop) Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest

Secular Priests

Parish priests (also called Secular Priests) are supported by the Church and are accountable to the Church

(Archbishop) Diocesan Visitation (Diocese Bishop) (Diocese Bishop) Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest Parish Priest

Mendicant Friars • • •

Medieval creation of a new type of priest They were called Friars from (Frater) “Brother” Also referred to as Regular Priest (as opposed to a Secular Priest)

Friars Belonged to Specific Orders • Augustinians • Franciscans • Benedictines

Differences Between Religious and Secular Priests • Friars belonged to an order • Friars could not be parish priests (Council of Trent 1545-1563) • Friars lived by begging (Real Patrona) • Friars did not answer to bishops; rather, under the jurisdiction of their religious order

Age of Discovery • • • •

Friars had the missionary zeal Established in the Americas Unprecedented Power Began acting like Secular Priests

Friars Lose Power in Americas •

Gold/Silver Changes things

Shift to the Philippines • • •

Pagan Land Limited Civil Authority Undesirable Colony

– – – –

Distance Climate/Disease Indios Poor

How the Friars Gain POWER • Pope’s Compromise (Apostolic Brief: 1567 from Pope Pius V to King Philip II)

How the Friars Gain POWER Social Engineering

From Highest to Lowest Class (Socially) • Peninsulares • Creoles • Filipinos • Mestizos • Chinese • Indios

From Highest to Lowest (Politically/Religious) • Governor General • Spanish Soldiers • Local Officials • Archbishop (Manila) • Friars

254 priests for 600,000

Encomenderos (Encomienda System)

Provinces (divided among the Orders)

Provinces; Municipios; Barrios

How the Friars Gain POWER • Political/Social Engineering • Poblacion

Every Municipio has its Patron Saint Annual Town Fiesta

How the Friars Gain POWER • Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) – Synchronism

How the Friars Gain POWER • Mass Conversion (Social Engineering) – Pasyon

How the Friars Gain POWER •

Hacienda

How the Friars Gain POWER

Middle Man

How the Friars Gain POWER •

Social/Theological Issues

Utang na Loob

How the Friars Gain POWER •

Social/Theological Issues

Confession