Transcript Tribal SafetyWebinar - Federal Highway Administration

Integrating Safety into
Tribal Transportation
Planning
Supported by:
FHWA and the Transportation Safety Planning
Working Group
June 10, 2009
Webinar Faculty
Chimai Ngo, FHWA, Federal Lands Highway
Susan Herbel, Cambridge Systematics
Lorrie Lau, FHWA, Planning
Kyle Kitchel, FHWA, Federal Lands Highway
Dennis Trusty, Northern Plains TTAP
Richard Hall, Northern Plains TTAP
1
Webinar Agenda
Tribal Safety Problem Description
Introduction to Transportation Planning
Introduction to Transportation Safety Planning
Data for Transportation Safety Planning
Transportation Safety Planning Products
Resources for Transportation Safety Planning
Conclusions
2
Why is Tribal Transportation
Safety Planning Necessary?
Need for Tribal Transportation Safety Planning
Native Americans
• Highest risk of motor-vehicle related death of all
ethnic groups
• For ages 4 to 44, motor-vehicle related injuries
are leading cause of death
Total fatalities down from 42,884 to 41,059 (2003 to
2007)
Reservation fatalities up from 325 to 356 (2003 to
2007) Note: only reported fatalities
Low safety belt use (78 percent fatalities 19992004)
High alcohol use (57% fatalities 1999-2004)
4
Safety Challenges for Tribal Communities
Road characteristics and maintenance
Data collection, management, and analysis
Occupant Protection
Impaired driving
Law enforcement
Pedestrians
5
Road Characteristics and Maintenance
Most Tribal lands are in rural, isolated locations
Road maintenance on reservations is generally lacking
due to scarce resources
Rural reservation road data is often limited or outdated
Reservation roads often lag behind other road systems in
design and safety standards
Traffic markings and signs are limited
6
Data Management
BIA and Tribal police departments often do not have a
standardized system for collecting and storing crash data
Tribal traffic records are likely to be stored in multiple
departments
Sovereignty issues
More detail in Data Module
7
Occupant Restraint
Low safety belt use rates
Overall, Native American safety belt use on reservations is
62 percent (2006) compared to a national average of 81
percent (2006)
Child safety seat use is low – 27 percent (1999-2004,
FARS)
8
Impaired Driving
65 percent of Native American fatal crashes involved
alcohol, compared to the national average of
approximately 47 percent (1982 to 2002)
More than 50 percent of Native American drivers in fatal
crashes were over the legal limit (>=.08 BAC) (1999–2004,
FARS)
BIA estimates 75% of all reservation incidents involve
alcohol
9
Limited Law Enforcement Resources
2,380 BIA and tribal officers police 1.4 million Native
Americans on 56 million acres of land
About half of the number of officers per capita in other
American communities
Most reservations are rural and tribal members are located
in small isolated communities remote from the tribal
headquarters
Tribal/BIA police spend most of their resources on law
enforcement activities other than traffic enforcement
10
Pedestrian Crashes
Pedestrian fatality rates – five to seven times the
national average
Alcohol use – almost 70 percent had been drinking
High incidence of train – pedestrian fatalities
11
What Is Transportation
Planning?
12
What is Transportation Planning?
Process of developing strategies for design, construction,
operation, maintenance and safety improvements of
transportation facilities
Purpose is to move people and goods and provide
services to residents
Objective is to maximize the transportation benefits from
the resources invested
13
Why Engage in Transportation Planning?
Manage resources
Address transportation needs and priorities
• Safety
• Economic development
• Land use
• Quality of life
Engage the public
Develop investment strategies
Adapt the system to meet current and future needs
14
Key Partners in Transportation Planning
Public
Tribal Governments
Federal transportation agencies
Federal land management sgencies
State government agencies
Local government agencies
Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
Regional planning organizations
Special interest groups
15
Transportation Planning Agencies and Processes
MPO and State requirements
• Include safety as a priority planning factor
• Involve Tribal Governments in planning process
Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
• All metropolitan areas with population greater than 50,000
• Metropolitan Long-Range Transportation Plan/TIP
State DOTs
• Conduct planning in rural areas
• State Long-Range Transportation Plans/STIPs
16
Tribal Transportation Planning Policy
FHWA and FTA policy
• Require state, regional planning organizations, and
metropolitan planning organizations to consult with Tribal
Governments
• Must consider the interests of Tribal Governments in the
development of transportation plans and programs
BIA and Tribal policy
• Develop Long-Range Transportation Plan
• Develop Tribal Transportation Improvement Program
17
Transportation Planning Process
Establish policy, goals, and objectives
Analyze system conditions
Perform a needs analysis
Set priorities
Establish a funding plan
Develop the plan
Develop the program
Implement and monitor the plan
18
Transportation Planning Process
Involve the public throughout the process!
19
What is transportation
safety planning?
20
Crashes Aren’t Accidents
• Most crashes are preventable
• Injury prevention is a public health issue
Transportation Safety Planning is
critical for improving the safety and
quality of life for Native Americans
21
SAFETEA-LU
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation
Equity Act – A Legacy for Users
Established safety as a key planning factor
Increased emphasis on transportation safety planning
Requires Strategic Highway Safety Plans (Section 148)
22
Strategic Highway Safety Plans
Addresses 4 Es: Engineering, Education, Enforcement
and Emergency response
Evidence based using safety data
Focus on “emphasis areas” and strategies with greatest
potential payoff
Involves a wide range of stakeholders in the process
including Tribal Governments
Includes methods to measure performance
23
Additional Safety Plans and Programs
Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP)
• State plan for safety infrastructure improvements
• Federally funded
State Governor’s Office of Highway Safety – Highway
Safety Plan (HSP)
• Focus largely on behavioral issues, e.g., safety belt use and
impaired driving
• Federal and state funding
Tribal Highway Safety Programs
• Indian Highway Safety Program
• Indian Reservation Roads Program
• Tribal Safety Management System
24
Eligible HSIP Projects
Intersection safety
Pavement and shoulder widening
Rumble strips
Skid resistant surface
Pedestrian, bicycle, disabled improvements
Railway-highway crossing safety improvements
Traffic calming
Safety conscious planning
25
Eligible HSIP Projects (continued)
Elimination of a roadside obstacle
Improvement in highway signage
Improvement in data collection and analysis
Work zone safety
Guardrails and barriers
Measures to reduce wildlife crashes
Signs at pedestrian-bicycle crossings and in school zones
Improvements on high-risk rural roads
26
Fundamentals of
Tribal Transportation Safety Planning
Develop data collection and management systems
Analyze data to determine priorities
Collaborate to extend Tribal resources
Use the process to build Tribal capacity
27
Issues Unique to Tribes
Tribal sovereignty
• Jurisdiction in Tribal and
non-Tribal lands
• Confidentiality of data
• Cultural identity
Tribal courts
State – Tribal relationship
28
Tribal Transportation Safety Projects
Public service campaigns and active enforcement of
safety belt laws and drunk driving
High school education programs on safety belt use and
pedestrian and bicycle safety
New legislation and enforcement of occupant protection
Road Safety Audits
Community traffic safety programs
29
What data are needed for
transportation safety
planning?
30
Good Data are Fundamental
Basis for all plan development
Justification for funding
Develop priorities
Benchmark changes
Evaluate the outcomes
31
Types of Data: Traffic and Roadway Data
Crash location
• Through local, county, state, and Tribal agencies
• Can be collected through field inspections (Road
Safety Audits)
Traffic counts/exposure data (IRR inventory)
Roadway characteristics
32
Motor Vehicle Crash Data Sources
Police accident reports
• Age, gender, ethnicity
• Safety belt use
• Impaired drivers
Insurance companies
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Medical facilities
33
Basic Data Needs
Data recorded soon after crashes in a consistent and
thorough format (preferably at the crash site) on approved
crash reporting forms
Crash records consistent with NHTSA and MMUCC
standards to allow for comparative analysis
Roadway characteristics
Exposure data
Citation data and court disposition records
Data sharing among agencies
34
Overcoming Data Deficiencies
Public input
Law enforcement
Hazardous elements review
• Narrow bridges
• Guardrail terminals
• Sharp curves
Road Safety Audits
Safety studies
35
Use of Data
Example –
Menominee Reservation (WI) observational
survey of occupant restraint use
 22 percent belt use
 9 percent child safety seat use
Transportation safety strategies should focus
on occupant restraint
36
Data to Identify Crash Location
Navajo Nation Contributing Factors Analysis (2001)
Rte
Number
Number Accidents
Miles
ADT
Acct
Rate
166
1.0
6,520
160
38
0.5
Window
Rock
264
31
N36
Window
Rock
264
N36
Window
Rock
N33
Tuba City
Acy
Community
N32
Shiprock
64
N33
Tuba City
N36
37
Location
BMP
EMP
23.2
NM64 btwn SW
& NE Jct
22
23
4,961
14.0
Fr AZ264 to
Warrior Dr
321.9
322.4
0.6
4,773
9.9
AZ264 fr N12
Jct to NM State
line
475.5
476.1
65
1.9
4,287
7.3
AZ264 fr N112
Jct to N12 Jct
473.6
475.5
12
36
0.7
9,999
4.7
N12 fr AZ264
Jct to Shonto
Blvd
23.5
24.2
1011
16
0.8
4,034
4.5
Fr N1017 to
Warrior Dr
0
0.8
Percent
Accidents by
Cause*
41.3%
After Dark
37.5%
After Dark
Data to Identify Location and Severity of Crashes
Navajo Nation Crash Location Analysis (2001)
38
Navajo Nation
Roadway Safety Strategies
Fencing for roads with high rates of
animal crashes
Street lights for roads with high crash
rates after dark
Lighting and intersection design for
intersections with high crash numbers
Access control for areas of development
with high numbers of crashes
Sidewalks and pedestrian crossings for
roads with high pedestrian crash rates
39
What are the planning products and
desired outcomes of transportation
safety planning?
40
Products and Desired Outcomes
Coordination with External Planning Processes
Participate in development of the transportation plans and
programs
Participate in development of state/regional transportation
safety plans… particularly the SHSP
Best Practices
Maricopa Association of
Governments (Phoenix MPO) has
two tribal members
Montana’s SHSP includes Tribal
component and involvement
41
Potential Tribal Plans and Programs
Explicit consideration of safety in the Tribal Long Range
Transportation Plan (TLRTP)
Tribal Highway Safety Improvement Program
Tribal Highway Safety Management Plan
42
Tribal Safety Program Objectives
Reduce the number and severity of motor vehicle crashes
Decrease the potential for crashes
Identify and address highway safety needs
• Unsafe highways
• Impaired driving
• Safety belt use
• Child passenger safety education
• Traffic records improvements
43
Implementing Tribal Safety Programs
Utilize available Highway Safety Improvement Program
(HSIP) guidelines
Review and consider revising outdated Tribal
transportation and traffic codes
Become familiar with the Federal Tribal Safety
Management System (SMS) and the State Strategic
Highway Safety Plan (SHSP)
Develop a tribal transportation safety management plan
44
Tribal Transportation Safety Management System
Federally mandated that BIA develop a SMS to address
safety on Tribal lands
Administered by BIA and FHWA with assistance from other
safety partners
Each Tribe is encouraged, but not required, to develop its
own SMS
45
Incorporating Safety
into the Transportation Planning Process
Tribal Council
Safety Committee
Input
TTIP
FUNDING SOURCES
LRTP
IRR TIP
State TIP
Other Sources
46
Construct Project
Evaluate
Transportation Safety Behavioral Approach
Tribal Council
Safety Committee
Input
TTIP
FUNDING SOURCES
LRTP
State Highway Safety Offices
Indian Highway Safety Program
Implement Program
State Department of Transportation
Evaluate
Other Sources
47
Tribal Safety Planning Examples
Northern Plains TTAP
• Dennis Trusty
• Richard Hall
Marketing
• “Roads are color blind”
• Empowering the Tribes to invest in safety
• Roadway safety investments are good for Indian Country and
local towns and villages
48
Tribal Safety Projects
SOAR – Safe on All Roads
Road Safety Audits
NPTTAP Local Roads Safety Manifesto – What works?
• Signs, delineators, and chevrons
• Vegetation control
• Gravel roads
• Ditches
• Approaches
• Guardrails
49
NPTTAP Manifesto (cont.)
Paved roads – repair and maintenance
Substandard bridge guardrails and alignment
Intersecting roads
Sight distance
50
What resources are
available to support Tribal
safety planning?
51
IRR Transportation Planning Funds
“Up to 2 percent of funds made available for IRR each
fiscal year shall be allocated to those Indian Tribal
Governments applying for transportation planning
pursuant to the provisions of the Indian SelfDetermination and Education Assistance Act” (23 U.S.C.
§204 (J))
In addition to the 2 percent set-aside, Transportation
Planning is an eligible item that can be funded with a
Tribe’s share of IRR funds
52
IRR Program Funds
Allocated to tribes based on a Tribal share formula determined
from population and data in the IRR Inventory
Priorities for construction and improvement of roads, bridges,
and transit facilities
IRR Program Funds may pay for the local match for many other
fund categories
A Tribe may use up to $35,000 or 5% of its IRR Program
construction fund, whichever is greater, for transportation
planning.
53
IRR Process
Administered by BIA DOT and FHWA Federal Lands
Highway Office
Available to Indian Tribal Governments for transportation
planning on Indian lands
Tribes prioritize how IRR funds will be used at the tribal
level
54
IRR Eligible Activities
Transportation planning
Tribal representation at transportation planning meetings
Preparation of application for funds from other sources
Planning related activities for other modes such as transit
Employment of a transportation planner
Research of right-of-way records for transportation
planning purposes
Other activities in a proposal mutually agreeable to the
Indian Tribal Government and the Secretary of the Interior
55
NHTSA Programs
State and Community Highway Safety Grant
Intoxicated Driver Prevention Program
Alcohol-Impaired Driving Countermeasures Incentive
Grants
Safety Incentive Grants for Safety Belt Use
Occupant Protection Incentive Grants
State Highway Safety Data Improvement Grants
Child Passenger Education Program
Research and Demonstration Grants
56
Training
BIA Indian Highway Safety Program (IHSP)
Set aside in SAFETEA-LU for Tribal governments
Funded by NHTSA; BIA considered a state
Administered by BIA Office of Indian Highway Safety
Program in Albuquerque
Many of the same programs available to states
57
Training and Technical Assistance
Tribal Technical Assistance Programs (TTAP)
Local Technical Assistance Programs (LTAP)
BIA
FHWA, Federal Lands Highways
FHWA/BIA Safety Management System
FTA
58
Other Organizations
Indian Health Services (IHS)
• Injury prevention training
• Motor vehicle crash reporting and analysis training
• Fellowships for epidemiology and Tribal capacity
Other Federal departments –Energy, Education, Housing
and Urban Development, Agriculture, Justice, and Health
and Human Services
Tribal funding -http://www.azdot.gov/TPD/atrc/Publications/project_reports/PD
F/AZ592s.pdf
59
What conclusions can we
draw from this webinar?
60
Tribal transportation safety
planning saves lives and
reduces injury among
Native Americans.
61
Resources are available to
support Tribal transportation
safety planning.
62
Many Tribes have succeeded in
establishing effective transportation
safety plans and programs.
It can be done!
63
Contact Information
Chimai Ngo
FHWA Federal Lands
[email protected]
202.366.1231
64
Polling Question
Please tell us which of the following categories best
describes your work.
Tribal transportation planner
Tribal transportation engineer
Tribal or BIA law enforcement
Health/Safety professional
Federal or State engineer or planner
Consultant
Other
65
Polling Questions
For Tribal/BIA staff and tribal consultants, please describe your
relationship to the State’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan





66
Fully involved in the development process
Fully involved in the implementation process
Partially involved in the development and/or implementation
Familiar with the process
Not familiar with the SHSP
Polling Question
On a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being the highest score; how
well did this webinar meet your needs?
A. Learned a lot and can follow up
B. Learned new information I think I can use
C. Informative but not sure how I can use the information
D. Interesting but not of much practical use
E. Webinar did not meet my expectations and needs
67