Transcript Document

Surface water monitoring in Latvia –
general aspects
Normunds Kadiķis,
Public Health Agency
Institutions involved in surface water monitoring
in Latvia
 Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Agency
(LEGMA)
– Performance and/or coordination of monitoring of
ecological quality of rivers, lakes and marine water and
priority fish waters as well
 Public Health Agency (PHA)
– Performance of monitoring of bathing waters
Why we need to carry out
surface water quality monitoring?
Legal basis:
 National legislation;
 EU legislation:
- WFD 60/2000/EEC,
- Fish directive 78/659/EEC,
76/160/EEC
- Nitrates directive 91/676/EEC,
- Dangerous substances directive 76/464/EEC,
Directive on environmental quality standards in the field
of water policy and amending Directive 2000/60/EC
(project)
- Decision of Information exchange 77/795/EEC;
- Bathing water directive 76/160/EEC (2006/7/EC)
 Conventions (Helsinki Conv. on BS, Helsinki Conv.
on Transboundary waters, Geneva CLRTAP).
Main responsibilities of LEGMA
and PHA in surface water quality
monitoring
• Development and implementation of the
programmes for monitoring of water status within
each river basin district;
• Development of budget proposals for the
implementation of the monitoring programmes;
• Co-ordination and arrangement of implementation
of the monitoring programmes;
• Maintanance of data bases
• National and international reporting on results of
monitoring
Short history of surface
water monitoring in Latvia
 Hydrology monitoring dates back to 1920s;
 Surface water quality monitoring in selected sites
started in 1946;
 Enlarged surface water quality monitoring programm
started in the 1980s;
 New water monitoring program according to
requirements of WFD is launched in 2006
(anticipated for 2006-2008).
General surface water quality
monitoring until 2005 (I)
 ~99 water quality monitoring sites in Latvia, very limited
amount of lakes;
 Basic physico-chemical parameters, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+,
HCO3-, S/SO4+2, Cl-, hardness, suspended solids, Si, Fe+3,
BOD5, TOC, N/NH4+, N/NO2-, N/NO3-, Ntot, P/PO4+3, Ptot,
Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, As+3, Hg+2, oil hydrocarbons,
surface active substances, microbiology, chlorophyll,
phytoplankton, zoobenthos, zooplankton, macrophytes;
 Frequency of sampling:
– 10 times per year for chemical parameters in rivers (in
selected sites – 12 times) and 4 times per year in lakes
– 2 -6 times per year for dangerous substances
– 1 to several times during the year for biological elements
General surface water quality monitoring
until 2005 (II)
 Until late 90-ties a bit more dangerous
substances, including pesticides, monitored;
 Very restricted amount of sediments sampled
and analyzed in 80-ties and 90-ties;
 Stations since late 90-ties classified according to
EIONET suggestions: flux stations, impact
stations, representative stations...
Why there was the need to revise
water monitoring program?
 According to WFD water bodies as primary water
management units must be nominated;
 Information on ecological quality status must be
obtained;
 Risk assessment not to achieve at least good water
ecological quality status until 2015 must be
performed;
 Information on water bodies` ecological quality are
prerequisite for establishment of management
plans.
Today 4 river basin districts and
469 inland water bodies + 6 coastal
and 1 transitional water body
nominated in Latvia
New general surface water quality monitoring
2006-2008 (I)
 Stations classified according to WFD as:
– surveillance monitoring stations,
– operational monitoring stations (but probably must be
revised)
– investigative monitoring stations will be selected acc. to
assessment from the first round;
 Generally, the same parameters as before but
zooplankton excluded;
 Very different picture with respect to certain
parameters in different stations: some
parameters` monitoring increased significantly
but some (for example, main ions) very
decreased;
New general surface water quality monitoring
2006-2008 (II)
 Frequency of sampling:
– generally, 1 time per year for biological parameters
(even for phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in lakes);
– 3-12 times per year for microbiological parameters and
chemical parameters;
– 4 - 6 times per year for dangerous substances;
– Macrophytes will be monitored 1 time every 3 years.
Types of monitoring stations in Latvian
surface water bodies 2006 - 2008
Operational
monitoring
Surveillance
monitoring
Operational
monitoring for
water bodies
“probably at
risk”
Investigative
monitoring
River water
bodies
Lake water
bodies
88
44
33
30
101
133
No water bodies assigned yet
Monitoring of biological elements
Number of monitoring stations
2008
Microbiology
2007
Chlorophyl a
Macrozoobenthos
Macrophytes
2006
Phytoplankton
2005
0
50
100
150
Number
200
250
300
Monitoring of nutrients`
parameters
Number of monitoring stations
2008
276
N/NO3
249
2007
N/NO2
N/NH4
Nkop
143
2006
P/PO4
Pkop
99
2005
0
50
100
150
Number
200
250
300
Ecological quality of rivers` water bodies (I)
6 rivers` types
– Small potamal / small ritral
– Medium potamal / medium ritral
– Large potamal / large ritral
< 100 km2
< 0,2 m/s
100 -1000 km2
> 1000 km2
> 0,2 m/s
Ecological quality of rivers` water bodies (II)
Preliminary quality criteria (small ritral river)
Parameter
High
Good
Moderate
Bad
Very bad
Mean O2,
mg/l
>8
6,0 - 8,0
4,0 - 6,0
2,0 - 4,0
<2
BOD5,,
<2,0
2,0 – 2,5
2,5 – 3,0 3,0 – 3,5
N/NH4, mg/l
0,09
0,09 0,12
Ntot, mg/l
< 1,5
1,5 - 2,0
Ptot, mg/l
<0,04
0,04 –
0,065
0,065 –
0,09
0
0,090–
0,11
5
> 0,115
Saprobity
index
<1,8
1,8-2,0
2,0-2,3
2,3-2,7
>2,7
mg/lO2
0,12 –
0,15
0,15 –
0,18
2,0 – 2,5 2,5 – 3,0
> 3,5
> 0,18
>3,0