Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers A Link to the

Transcript Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers A Link to the

T e a c h e r s D i s c o v e r i n g C o m p u t e r s

Integrating Technology in the Classroom

3 rd Edition Chapter 2

Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

 Define communications  Identify the basic components of a communications system  Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts  Explain how the Internet works 2

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

 Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet  Explain how Web documents are linked to one another  Explain the use of Web browser software  Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 3

CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES

 Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web  Explain how Internet services such as e mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work  Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web  Describe different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web 4

WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?

 A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information  Sometimes called telecommunications 5

WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?

 Electronic mail (e-mail)  Voice mail  Fax (facsimile)  Telecommuting  Online services  Videoconferencing  Internet  World Wide Web 6

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

 Basic communications system • Two computers, one to send and one to receive data • Communications devices that send and receive data • A communications channel over which data is sent 7

A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

 Communications channel • Transmissions media – Twisted-pair cable 9

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

• Digital vs. analog signals – Modem – External modem – Internal modem – Network interface cards 10

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

 Local Area Networks (LAN) • Covers limited geographical area • Server manages resources  Wide Area Networks (WAN) • Covers large geographical area • Can consist of several LANs 11

COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

 Home Networks • Connects multiple computers in your home • Share Internet access and resources 12

NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT

 School network server  Example classroom • Three Macintosh computers • Printer 13

NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT

 Example school network • Classrooms • Administration • Computer lab  Example school district • Central office • Various schools 14

SCHOOL’S LOCAL AREA NETWORK

DISTRICT’S WIDE AREA NETWORK

WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS

 Keep in touch with family and friends from anywhere • Smart pagers • Cellular telephones • Handheld computers • Notebook computers  Wireless technology brings the computer lab to students 17

HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS

 Government works to provide high speed Internet access to classrooms  Broadband technology transmits signals at much faster speeds 18

THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION

 Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resources  Unlimited educational resources  Communicate with other educators and students 19

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

 Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services  No single organization owns or controls  Estimated 500 million users  Variety of uses 20

The world’s largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide collection of networks that link together millions of businesses, governments, educational institutions, and individuals.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

 Started as a network of four computers at in both California and Utah in 1969  Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET  More than 35 million computers today  Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet 22

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

 Backbone now provided by variety of corporations  Various organizations help define standards  Internet2 (I2) • Extremely high-speed network • Develop and test latest Internet technologies • Members include over 190 universities in the United States, along with 60 companies and the United States government 24

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

 Data is divided into packets  Routers send packets across the Internet  Packet switching  Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by the Internet 25

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

 Internet Service Providers versus Online Service Providers • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs • Online service providers offer members only areas 27

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

 Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up access • ISDN • Cable TV (CATV) • Digital subscriber line (DSL) 28

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

 The Internet Backbone • Acts as a highway • Local ISPs connect through leased lines to national ISPs 30

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

 Internet Addresses • Numeric addresses • Domain name – Domain type abbreviations – Country code abbreviations 32

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Started in the early 1990s  Hyperlinks  Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  Hypertext transfer protocol 34

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 How a Web Page Works • Hypertext • Hyperlinks – Target – Relative – Absolute 36

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

• Discovery learning • Web Surfing • Webmaster • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Web publishing 37

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Web Browser Software • Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites 38

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Web Browser Software • Mosaic • Netscape Navigator • Microsoft Internet Explorer 39

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Searching for Information on the Web • Directory maintained by a search engine company • Helps find information on the Web • Search engine • Subject directory 40

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality • Plug-ins 41

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Used to enhance text-based Internet 42

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Graphics formats 43

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Thumbnails 44

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Animation – Marquees – Animated GIFs 45

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Audio – MP3 format – MP3 player – Streaming audio – RealAudio 46

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Video – Streaming video – RealVideo 47

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

 Multimedia on the Web • Virtual Reality – Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space – VR worlds 48

This instructional Web site uses VR to teach biology students about cells and body tissues.

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs – Mailbox – Mail server • E-mail address – User name 50

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 FTP (file transfer protocol) • FTP sites and servers • Allows file downloads and uploads • Anonymous FTP • FTP programs 51

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 Newsgroups and Message Boards • Newsgroup – online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject – Usenet • News server • News reader • Article • Posting • Threaded discussion 52

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 Newsgroups and Message Boards • Message Boards – easier to use than newsgroups 53

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 Mailing Lists • Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name • Subscribing and unsubscribing • LISTSERVs 54

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 Chat Rooms • Real-time conversation • Chat rooms • Chat clients – IRC (Internet relay chat) – Microsoft Chat 55

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

 Instant Messaging • See when one or more people are online • Exchange messages and files • Join a private chat room  Short Message Service (SMS) • Send and receive text messages from Web enabled devices 57

NETIQUETTE

 Internet etiquette • The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet 58

INTERNET SECURITY

 Firewall  Filtering software  Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) 60

THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB ON EDUCATION

 The Web is the Gutenberg press of modern times  Collaboration with other teachers and students • ePALS  New instructional strategies 61

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

 Will connect 80 percent of the world’s computers in a few years  More than a billion wireless communication devices will be in use by the middle of the decade  All K-12 teachers will have access to the Internet in their classrooms  Wireless technology will become commonplace in K-12 education 63

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

 Everyday appliances with embedded computers will have Internet access  More intelligent and focused Web search capabilities  100 to 1,000 times faster in a few years  Business will continue to be the driving force 64

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

 Increased access speeds and greater availability will allow teachers and students to view thousands of videos  The Web will become an integral part of all education and will revolutionize the way students learn core subjects 65

CHAPTER SUMMARY

 Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet  Specify how Web documents are linked to one another  Explain the use of browser software  Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 67

CHAPTER SUMMARY

 Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web  Explain how Internet services, such as e mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work  Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web  Describe how to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web 68

T e a c h e r s D i s c o v e r i n g C o m p u t e r s

Integrating Technology in the Classroom

3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Complete

An extensive, current list of Web sites in various categories can be found at: http://www.scsite.com/tdc3 Click the Special Feature, Guide to WWW Sites link on the left sidebar 71

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

 Provides categorized lists of links  Arranged by subjects  This example will show you how to find information on Mark Twain’s childhood 72

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Start your browser and enter the URL www.yahoo.com

in the Address box. When the Yahoo! home page appears, point to the Literature link below Arts & Humanities. You point to Literature because that is the category in which Mark Twain made his contributions.

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Click Literature. When the Literature page appears, point to the Authors link. You point to Authors because Mark Twain was an author. Each time you click a category link, you move closer to the topic.

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Click Authors. When the Authors page appears, scroll down and point to the letter T in the alphabetical site listings. (You can also find information about Mark Twain by clicking the Literary Fiction link.) 75

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Click the letter T. The browser window displays an alphabetical listing of authors whose last names begin with T, as well as other author-related organizations that begin with T. Scroll down and then point to the Twain, Mark (1835-1910) link.

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Click Twain, Mark (1835 1910). When the page appears, scroll down and then point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link.

USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY

Click the Mark Twain Papers & Projects link. When the page appears, click the links one at a time. Use the browser’s Back button to Return to The Mark Twain Papers & Project page after viewing the page associated with each link.

USING A SEARCH ENGINE

 Search many Web sites for information you are seeking  Carefully craft your keywords to limit the search  This example uses the Google search engine to search for the phrase, mark twain papers 79

USING A SEARCH ENGINE

Start your browser and then enter the URL http://www.google.com

in the Address box. When the Google home page appears, type mark twain papers in the Search text box and then point to the Google Search button.

USING A SEARCH ENGINE

Click the Google Search button. When the results of the search appear, scroll through the links and read the descriptions. Point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link.

USING A SEARCH ENGINE

• Click the Mark Twain Papers & Project link. A Web page appears that contains extensive information about the collected original documents by and about Mark Twain 82

LIMITING THE SEARCH

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING

 Use nouns as keywords, and put the most important terms first in your keyword  Use the asterisk (*) to find plurals of words  Type keywords in lowercase to find both lowercase and uppercase variations 84

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING

 Use quotation marks to create phrases so the search engine finds the exact sequence of words  Use a hyphen alternative • E-mail or email  Limit the search by language  Use uppercase characters for Boolean operators 85

GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING

 Before you use a search engine, read its Help  The Internet contains many search engines. If your search is unsuccessful with one search engine, try another 86

POPULAR SEARCH SITES

 Google • google.com

 AllTheWeb • alltheweb.com

 Yahoo!

• yahoo.com

 MSN Search • search.msn.com

 AOL Search • search.aol.com

POPULAR PORTALS

 Ask Jeeves • askjeeves.com

 HotBot • hotbot.com

 Lycos • lycos.com

 LookSmart • looksmart.com

 AltaVista • altavista.com

POPULAR PORTALS

 Netscape Search • search.netscape.com

 Overture • overture.com

 InfoSpace • infospace.com

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS

 Ask Jeeves for Kids • ajkids.com

 Awesome Library • awesomelibrary.org

 Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government for Kids • bensguide.gpo.gov

 Blue Web’N • www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/bluewebn  Busy Teachers’ Web Site K-12 • www.ceismc.gatech.edu/busyt 90

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS

 Education Index • educationindex.com

 Education World • www.education-world.com

 EduHound • www.eduhound.com

 emTech • www.emtech.net

 FirstGov for Kids • kids.gov

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS

 Great Web Sites for Kids • www.ala.org/alsc/children_links.html

 Kathy Schrock’s Guide for Educators • school.discovery.com/schrockguide  KidsClick!

• sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!

 Kid’s Search Tools • www.rcls.org/ksearch.htm

 Learning Page • learningpage.com

POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS

 Sites for Teachers • www.sitesforteachers.com

 STEM-NET Theme Pages for Elementary Students and Teachers • www.stemnet.nf.ca/CUTE/themes.html

 The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) • www.thegateway.org

 TekMom’s Search Tools for Students • tekmom.com/search  Yahooligans • www.yahooligans.com