Transcript Shelly Cashman Series Discovering Computers A Link to the
T e a c h e r s D i s c o v e r i n g C o m p u t e r s
Integrating Technology in the Classroom
3 rd Edition Chapter 2
Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
Define communications Identify the basic components of a communications system Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts Explain how the Internet works 2
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet Explain how Web documents are linked to one another Explain the use of Web browser software Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 3
CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES
Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web Explain how Internet services such as e mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web 4
WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?
A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information Sometimes called telecommunications 5
WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS?
Electronic mail (e-mail) Voice mail Fax (facsimile) Telecommuting Online services Videoconferencing Internet World Wide Web 6
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Basic communications system • Two computers, one to send and one to receive data • Communications devices that send and receive data • A communications channel over which data is sent 7
A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
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COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Communications channel • Transmissions media – Twisted-pair cable 9
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
• Digital vs. analog signals – Modem – External modem – Internal modem – Network interface cards 10
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Local Area Networks (LAN) • Covers limited geographical area • Server manages resources Wide Area Networks (WAN) • Covers large geographical area • Can consist of several LANs 11
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
Home Networks • Connects multiple computers in your home • Share Internet access and resources 12
NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT
School network server Example classroom • Three Macintosh computers • Printer 13
NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT
Example school network • Classrooms • Administration • Computer lab Example school district • Central office • Various schools 14
SCHOOL’S LOCAL AREA NETWORK
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DISTRICT’S WIDE AREA NETWORK
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WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS
Keep in touch with family and friends from anywhere • Smart pagers • Cellular telephones • Handheld computers • Notebook computers Wireless technology brings the computer lab to students 17
HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS
Government works to provide high speed Internet access to classrooms Broadband technology transmits signals at much faster speeds 18
THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION
Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resources Unlimited educational resources Communicate with other educators and students 19
WHAT IS THE INTERNET?
Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services No single organization owns or controls Estimated 500 million users Variety of uses 20
The world’s largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide collection of networks that link together millions of businesses, governments, educational institutions, and individuals.
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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
Started as a network of four computers at in both California and Utah in 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET More than 35 million computers today Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet 22
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
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HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
Backbone now provided by variety of corporations Various organizations help define standards Internet2 (I2) • Extremely high-speed network • Develop and test latest Internet technologies • Members include over 190 universities in the United States, along with 60 companies and the United States government 24
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Data is divided into packets Routers send packets across the Internet Packet switching Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by the Internet 25
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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Internet Service Providers versus Online Service Providers • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs • Online service providers offer members only areas 27
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up access • ISDN • Cable TV (CATV) • Digital subscriber line (DSL) 28
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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
The Internet Backbone • Acts as a highway • Local ISPs connect through leased lines to national ISPs 30
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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
Internet Addresses • Numeric addresses • Domain name – Domain type abbreviations – Country code abbreviations 32
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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Started in the early 1990s Hyperlinks Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Hypertext transfer protocol 34
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
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THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
How a Web Page Works • Hypertext • Hyperlinks – Target – Relative – Absolute 36
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
• Discovery learning • Web Surfing • Webmaster • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Web publishing 37
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Web Browser Software • Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites 38
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Web Browser Software • Mosaic • Netscape Navigator • Microsoft Internet Explorer 39
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Searching for Information on the Web • Directory maintained by a search engine company • Helps find information on the Web • Search engine • Subject directory 40
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality • Plug-ins 41
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Used to enhance text-based Internet 42
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Graphics formats 43
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Graphics – Thumbnails 44
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Animation – Marquees – Animated GIFs 45
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Audio – MP3 format – MP3 player – Streaming audio – RealAudio 46
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Video – Streaming video – RealVideo 47
THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
Multimedia on the Web • Virtual Reality – Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space – VR worlds 48
This instructional Web site uses VR to teach biology students about cells and body tissues.
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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs – Mailbox – Mail server • E-mail address – User name 50
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
FTP (file transfer protocol) • FTP sites and servers • Allows file downloads and uploads • Anonymous FTP • FTP programs 51
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Newsgroups and Message Boards • Newsgroup – online area in which users conduct written discussions about a particular subject – Usenet • News server • News reader • Article • Posting • Threaded discussion 52
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Newsgroups and Message Boards • Message Boards – easier to use than newsgroups 53
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Mailing Lists • Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name • Subscribing and unsubscribing • LISTSERVs 54
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Chat Rooms • Real-time conversation • Chat rooms • Chat clients – IRC (Internet relay chat) – Microsoft Chat 55
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OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
Instant Messaging • See when one or more people are online • Exchange messages and files • Join a private chat room Short Message Service (SMS) • Send and receive text messages from Web enabled devices 57
NETIQUETTE
Internet etiquette • The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet 58
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INTERNET SECURITY
Firewall Filtering software Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) 60
THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB ON EDUCATION
The Web is the Gutenberg press of modern times Collaboration with other teachers and students • ePALS New instructional strategies 61
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THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Will connect 80 percent of the world’s computers in a few years More than a billion wireless communication devices will be in use by the middle of the decade All K-12 teachers will have access to the Internet in their classrooms Wireless technology will become commonplace in K-12 education 63
THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Everyday appliances with embedded computers will have Internet access More intelligent and focused Web search capabilities 100 to 1,000 times faster in a few years Business will continue to be the driving force 64
THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Increased access speeds and greater availability will allow teachers and students to view thousands of videos The Web will become an integral part of all education and will revolutionize the way students learn core subjects 65
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Define communications Identify the basic components of a communications system Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts Explain how the Internet works 66
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet Specify how Web documents are linked to one another Explain the use of browser software Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information 67
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web Explain how Internet services, such as e mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web Describe how to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web 68
T e a c h e r s D i s c o v e r i n g C o m p u t e r s
Integrating Technology in the Classroom
3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Complete
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An extensive, current list of Web sites in various categories can be found at: http://www.scsite.com/tdc3 Click the Special Feature, Guide to WWW Sites link on the left sidebar 71
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Provides categorized lists of links Arranged by subjects This example will show you how to find information on Mark Twain’s childhood 72
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Start your browser and enter the URL www.yahoo.com
in the Address box. When the Yahoo! home page appears, point to the Literature link below Arts & Humanities. You point to Literature because that is the category in which Mark Twain made his contributions.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Literature. When the Literature page appears, point to the Authors link. You point to Authors because Mark Twain was an author. Each time you click a category link, you move closer to the topic.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Authors. When the Authors page appears, scroll down and point to the letter T in the alphabetical site listings. (You can also find information about Mark Twain by clicking the Literary Fiction link.) 75
USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click the letter T. The browser window displays an alphabetical listing of authors whose last names begin with T, as well as other author-related organizations that begin with T. Scroll down and then point to the Twain, Mark (1835-1910) link.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click Twain, Mark (1835 1910). When the page appears, scroll down and then point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link.
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USING A SUBJECT DIRECTORY
Click the Mark Twain Papers & Projects link. When the page appears, click the links one at a time. Use the browser’s Back button to Return to The Mark Twain Papers & Project page after viewing the page associated with each link.
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USING A SEARCH ENGINE
Search many Web sites for information you are seeking Carefully craft your keywords to limit the search This example uses the Google search engine to search for the phrase, mark twain papers 79
USING A SEARCH ENGINE
Start your browser and then enter the URL http://www.google.com
in the Address box. When the Google home page appears, type mark twain papers in the Search text box and then point to the Google Search button.
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USING A SEARCH ENGINE
Click the Google Search button. When the results of the search appear, scroll through the links and read the descriptions. Point to the Mark Twain Papers & Project link.
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USING A SEARCH ENGINE
• Click the Mark Twain Papers & Project link. A Web page appears that contains extensive information about the collected original documents by and about Mark Twain 82
LIMITING THE SEARCH
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GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
Use nouns as keywords, and put the most important terms first in your keyword Use the asterisk (*) to find plurals of words Type keywords in lowercase to find both lowercase and uppercase variations 84
GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
Use quotation marks to create phrases so the search engine finds the exact sequence of words Use a hyphen alternative • E-mail or email Limit the search by language Use uppercase characters for Boolean operators 85
GUIDELINES TO SUCCESSFUL SEARCHING
Before you use a search engine, read its Help The Internet contains many search engines. If your search is unsuccessful with one search engine, try another 86
POPULAR SEARCH SITES
Google • google.com
AllTheWeb • alltheweb.com
Yahoo!
• yahoo.com
MSN Search • search.msn.com
AOL Search • search.aol.com
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POPULAR PORTALS
Ask Jeeves • askjeeves.com
HotBot • hotbot.com
Lycos • lycos.com
LookSmart • looksmart.com
AltaVista • altavista.com
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POPULAR PORTALS
Netscape Search • search.netscape.com
Overture • overture.com
InfoSpace • infospace.com
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POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
Ask Jeeves for Kids • ajkids.com
Awesome Library • awesomelibrary.org
Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government for Kids • bensguide.gpo.gov
Blue Web’N • www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/bluewebn Busy Teachers’ Web Site K-12 • www.ceismc.gatech.edu/busyt 90
POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
Education Index • educationindex.com
Education World • www.education-world.com
EduHound • www.eduhound.com
emTech • www.emtech.net
FirstGov for Kids • kids.gov
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POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
Great Web Sites for Kids • www.ala.org/alsc/children_links.html
Kathy Schrock’s Guide for Educators • school.discovery.com/schrockguide KidsClick!
• sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!
Kid’s Search Tools • www.rcls.org/ksearch.htm
Learning Page • learningpage.com
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POPULAR EDUCATION SEARCH TOOLS
Sites for Teachers • www.sitesforteachers.com
STEM-NET Theme Pages for Elementary Students and Teachers • www.stemnet.nf.ca/CUTE/themes.html
The Gateway to Educational Materials (GEM) • www.thegateway.org
TekMom’s Search Tools for Students • tekmom.com/search Yahooligans • www.yahooligans.com
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