John Curl Joe Hetherington Bradley Lewis Michael Wu

John Curl

What is Linux?

 Unix like operating system  Open source collaboration  Free  Code can be freely transmitted and modified  Linux can be installed on any platform  More predominately used on servers, over 60%

Design

 Based off the principles established in the Unix system  Uses a monolithic kernel (a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware) which handles process control, networking, and peripheral and file system access

User Interface

 Users can control a Linux-based system through a command line interface (or CLI), a graphical user interface (or GUI), or through controls attached to the associated hardware  The default mode for desktops is GUI while CLI is used on separate virtual consoles

Joe Hetherington

UNIX

 Appeal  Multitasking  Multiuser  Portability  UNIX programs  Software library

UNIX

Multiuser Ex. Allows multiple users to access same document – compartmentalization Portability Able to move from one brand of computer to another with minimal code changes Easy to update

UNIX

UNIX Programs Integral Utilities – necessary for operation Tools – provide customizable capabilities Software Library Third-party vendors

UNIX Structure

What is a kernel?

 A kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. The kernel's responsibilities include managing the system's resources (the communication between hardware and software components)

Kernel

 Lowest level of software • Manages hardware • Runs user programs • Maintains security and integrity of whole system

Kernel

Fulfills 4 Main Management Tasks Memory management Process management File system management I/O management

Bradley Lewis

History

 Developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland  Inspired by Munix  Written from scratch by Andrew Tanenbaum  Ran off the Intel 8086 microprocessor  Contained 12,00 lines of code

History

 Uses no code from AT&T or any other proprietary source  First official version introduced in October of 1991 as version 0.02

History

 Version 0.02

 Was able to run bash and gcc  Intended as a hackers system  Primary focus was kernel development

History

 A year and a half later in December of 1993 Linux was at version .99

 Battles broke out between Linus and Tannenbaum, the creator of Minix  Linux became more popular and was finally licensed under the GNU General Public License

History

 In 1996 Linux was put to the test and ran 68 PCs as a single parallel processing machine  Had a peak speed of 19 billion calculations per second, making it the 315 th most powerful supercomputer  Cost a tenth of what comparable supercomputers

General Public License

 This license allows anyone to:  use the software at no charge, without any limitations  copy, and distribute or sell unmodified copies of the software in the source or binary form  modify, and distribute or sell a modified version of the software as long as the source code is included and licensing under the GPL  sell support for the software

John Curl

Ubuntu

 Most popular form of Linux  Named after South African ethical ideology, meaning “humanity towards others”  40% to 50% of Linux users  Like all Linux Ubuntu is free and open source  Can run many Windows programs through Vmware

Ubuntu

 Works on PC's & Servers  Updated every 6 months  Features- Email, Music, Web Surfing, Chat, Photos, Office, Games  Access thousands of open source Apps  Download or request CD from Ubuntu site

Installation

 This General Public License allows Linux to be obtained free of charge  Ways of Installation  "no-install": a "Run-from-CD" LiveCD distribution  setting up "Dual-boot" systems  you can completely erase the HD and install Linux only  Through distributors such as Red Hat, Caldera, etc.

Ubuntu Installation

 PC  256 MB RAM  4 GB disk space  Server  192 MB RAM   1 GB disk space Processor – Intel or AMD x86, AMD_64, EM_64T

Michael Wu

Linux Support

 No official Linux support  Most support is done by online community  Medibuntu (Multimedia, Entertainment & Distractions In Ubuntu)  Repository of packages that cannot be included in Ubuntu distributation.

 Step by step instructions to install packages

Linux Support

 Technical Support  Canonical ○ Company that provides live tech support for a cost  Linux.org ○ Provides various documents to assist with Linux installation and problems  Linuxforums.org

○ Provides help on different Linux systems ○ Provides information on most Linux needs for beginners

Linux Support

 Forums  Free software licenses allows for many proficient users to make improvements to Linux software  Post your problem and there is usually a response time within a few hours  Many users of Linux are knowledgeable in programming

Linux User Group

 Located in many cities and regions  Private non-profit organization  Promotes Linux and extensions of the free software  Holds meets to train and offer technical support

Linux User Group

 Installfests  LUG hosted event at university or LAN party  People get together to do mass installations of Linux  Hackfests  LUG event  People get together to reveal security issues and provides ways of fixing them

John Curl

Linux

 Advantages  Easy installation  Frequently updated  Large support community  Many different versions  Targeted less by viruses  Unix based  FREE!

Linux

 Disadvantages  Unstable  Lack of High Quality Professional Software  Installation

Mac

 Advantages  Excellent user interface  Stable  Large number of professional applications  Easy installation  Targeted less by viruses  Unix based

Mac

 Disadvantages  Proprietary  OS limited to a specific platform  Cost is high

Windows

 Advantages  Most popular OS  Most familiar OS  Very high Application and Driver support

Windows

 Disadvantages  Not very stable  Restricted freedom  Not free  Bad startup Applications  Frequently attacked by viruses

Windows XP (52.94%) Windows Vista (23.25%) Windows 7 (11.24%) Mac OS X (5.90%)

Linux

(1.14%) iPhone (0.73%) Other (2.65%)

Sources

        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing) http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/tutorial.html http://www.diffen.com/difference/Linux_vs_Unix http://learnlinux.tsf.org.za/courses/build/internals/internals-all.html

http://www.tldp.org/LDP/gs/node3.html#SECTION00300000000000 000000 http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question246.htm

http://www.linux.org/docs/beginner/install.html