Transcript Genre Characteristics

Genre
Characteristics
Fiction
Stories that are
________ or
________; they are
_____ factual
 Usually written to
________, although
some can teach us
lessons

How Does Fiction Look?
Written in ________
and _________
 Can be organized in
__________
 Usually written in
________ or _______

Characteristics of Fiction
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Characters
Setting
Conflict
Plot
– Short stories usually
have one main plot
– Novels contain one
main plot and many
subplots

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Point of View
Dialogue/Dialect

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Tone
Mood
Theme
Foreshadowing
Flashback
Irony
Symbolism
Characters

____________ -the
leading character, hero,
or heroine
 ____________ -the
character who struggles
against the leading
character
Setting
_____ and ______ of
a story
 This can change
throughout the story
 Setting can help
readers better
understand the
_______ ____or the
___________

Conflict
The ________
between a character
and some other force
in a story; the
________ that must be
________
 3 main types:
-man v. man
-man v. nature
-man v. self

Plot
Plot-the __________
of the main events in a
story
 There are ______ parts
to a plot:

Exposition
Climax
Resolution
Exposition
introduces the
_________ and/or
_________
 introduces the
_________
 introduces the
_________

Cinderella lives unhappily
with her step-mother and two
step sisters; an invitation to
a ball at the palace arrives.
Rising Action
Series of events that
________ to the
________
 Leads to the climax
 A ________ of the
plot is spent on the
rising action

The step sisters prepare to go to the
ball; a fairy godmother appears and
gives Cinderella a gown to wear to
the ball and coach and footmen to
take her there; she goes to the ball
and dances with the prince; she
leaves at midnight, losing a slipper
on the steps; the prince finds the
slipper and agrees to marry the
woman whom it fits.
Climax
The point of ________
tension
 The ________ point in
the story
 The conflict can either
go in favor of the main
character, or against
him or her

The prince visits the home
of Cinderella; the two
sisters try to fit in to the
slipper, but Cinderella
appears is discovered to be
the wearer of the slipper.
Falling Action
Most of the _______ is
_______
 All the “loose ends” are
tied up
 Usually happens very
quickly

Cinderella and the
prince prepare to
marry.
Resolution
The readers learns what
________ to all the
characters
 All the problems in the
story have been
_________
 The conflict is resolved

They live happily
ever after.
Point of View
Describes ______ tells the
story and ______ it is
being told
 The _________ of the
narrator/character telling
the story can greatly
influence the _______ and
understanding of a story
 There are _____ main
points of view

First Person
Point of view
the narrator is a character
_________ in the ______ of
the story
 When reading stories in the
first person, the information
the narrator is thinking or
saying might not be the whole
_________
 We should _________ the
trustworthiness of his/her
statements and thoughts,
because other characters
might have a ________
perspective or opinion

Third Person
Point of view
the narrator does _____
participate in the action of
the story as one of the
characters
 The narrator is able to
explain the perspectives of
more than one _________
in the story, and can let us
know exactly how the
characters ________
 We ______ about the
characters through this
________ voice
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Dialogue/Dialect
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DIALOGUE
-the _______ that takes
place between characters
DIALECT
-_________ in language
based on geographical
(where we’re from) or
social (the people we hang
out with) __________
Howdy, ya’ll!
Mood
The _________ or
feeling the writer
creates for the reader
 The characters’ actions
and the setting greatly
__________ a story’s
mood

Tone
I wandered, lonely as a cloud
That floats on high over valleys and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A group of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
How would this be read?
What would the speaker’s
tone be?
Grass covers the ground-- the hair
of the dead
No creature lurks here
And trees hide their faces from the
evil that stalks
And the moon tries in vain the How
reflect light on the dark places
about
It is silent.
this one?
The _______ that an
________takes toward the
audience, the subject, or
the character.
 The manner in which the
words would be _______
out loud (sarcastically,
angrily, happily)
 Tone can be ________
from an author or speaker’s
words, and the intent
(purpose) behind the words

Theme
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The _________, or central
idea, of a piece of literature
The theme of a fable is its
moral. The theme of some
other pieces of fiction is its
view about life and how
people behave.
Some examples are
friendship, treating others
the way you want to be
treated, or equality
Foreshadowing


The author’s use of ______
or ______ that allow the
reader to infer what
_____________in the plot.
Foreshadowing can be
direct, such as changes in
the setting (storm clouds
forming) or more obvious,
such as dialogue between
characters that indicate
their future actions.
Flashback

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An interruption of the
action in the plot to present
events that occurred
____________________.
Flashbacks can occur as
__________ or dreams of
characters or as a
____________ piece of
dialogue or narration
Allows the reader to learn
background information
about characters or events
to better understand the
current plot of the story
Irony
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Verbal irony-a contrast
between what is _______
and what is ___________
(sarcasm is an example)
Dramatic irony-the
__________ knows
something one of the
__________ does not
Situational irony-the
contrast between what
__________ and what
would be _______ to
happen.
Symbolism
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
A __________ is
something that represents
something else
Authors often use
characters, their actions or
even objects to represent
(or symbolize)
_____________________
Many times, the symbols in
a story help illustrate the
_________
Examples of Fiction

Realistic fiction
– Mysteries
– Adventure
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Historical fiction
Science fiction
Fantasy
Folklore
– Myths
– Fables

Graphic novels
*these examples can be either
short stories or novels
Realistic Fiction
Characters resemble
_______ people
 The ________ is a
place that is/could be
real
 Events are possible in
real life
 The ________ are
those that people might
actually face in real life

Science Fiction
Characters could be real,
but also could include
beings only associated with
science (ex. _______ or
________)
 The setting is usually in the
distant _______ or on
another planet
 The events sometimes
seem possible only through
future ________ discovery,
and involve _________
technologies that could
exist by that time

Historical Fiction
Some characters are
________, but others can be
real historical figures
interacting with fictional
characters
 The setting is a specific time
in ____________ (you can
often tell by the way
characters speak, how they
dress, or the surroundings or
items described)
 Often involves fictional
events that occur
__________ that happened
in history (ex. elections, wars,
illnesses)

Folklore-Myth
A type of folklore; passed
down through storytelling
 Usually involves people
___________with
supernatural beings or
______ and __________
 The setting is usually on
earth, or other worlds
inhabited by the gods and
goddesses
 The events often attempt
to explain a ________,
custom, or natural event in
nature (ie, hurricanes,
seasons)

Folklore-Fable
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The Tortoise and the Hare
A type of folklore;
passed down through
storytelling
Often include ________
as characters
The setting is often
_______, or in the
country
The events attempt to
teach some ________ or
__________
Fantasy
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Include _______ realistic
characters and settings
However, also includes
elements that are _____
realistic such as talking
animals, magical
powers/objects, or
mythical creatures (elves,
unicorns, trolls, etc.)
Many times, the setting is
___________ (kings,
queens, castles)
Graphic Novels
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Can contain any
characteristics of the
other forms of fiction
(eg. fantasy, science
fiction)
Written through
_______ of pictures that
include speech _______
and/or captions
Strategies for Reading Fiction
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Annotating
–
–
–
–
–
Summarize
Ask questions
Make predictions
Offer opinions
Circle and define
unknown/new words
Sequence the events on
a plot line
 Determine the point of
view—you will be able
to tell the reliability of
your narrator
 Look for clue words
about characters,
setting, mood, and
theme and highlight
them

Nonfiction
Text that is
written about
________,
people, events,
and places
 Written to
________ or
________

How Does Nonfiction Look?

Provides an outline of
important information
in a ___________,
________, or ________
How Does Nonfiction Look?
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Each page has words in
a variety of _____ and
type _______.
_______ or ________
fonts may be used to
signal _________or
phrases.
_________ or
_________ may be
used to show sources,
give important
definitions, or explain
images.
How Does Nonfiction Look?
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Maps, charts,
diagrams, or
photographs are
usually included to
__________ or
__________
information
________ or labels
must be examined
carefully for relevant
information
Examples of Nonfiction
Biographies/
Autobiographies
 Articles
 Essays
 Journals/Diaries
 Brochures
 Letters
 Reference materials: atlas,
dictionary, thesaurus,
encyclopedia

Strategies for Reading
Nonfiction
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Annotating
–
–
–
–
–
Summarize
Ask questions
Make predictions
Offer opinions
Circle and define
unknown/new words
Preview by reading
headings or
subheadings
 Examine pictures
charts, maps, or other
graphics closely. How
do they relate to the
text?
 Read any captions or
footnotes for additional
information

Poetry
A genre that uses vivid
_________, word
patterns, and/or sound
qualities to convey a
________ to the reader
 Written to
__________

How does poetry look?
Written in lines and
________ (groups of
lines)
 Does not follow
conventional
________ rules
 Figurative language is
often used to
______________ in
the mind of the reader

Strategies for Reading Poetry
Read the poem two or
more times
 Read the poem aloud
 Look for clue words to
determine mood and
tone, and read the
poem with the correct
tone

Figure out who the
speaker is
 Locate and visualize
figurative language
 Ask yourself about the
poems message or
theme. What is the
author trying to say
here?

Figurative Language

Using comparisons to
help readers
_________ or make a
_________ with the
text
Those two are like peas in a pod.
Types of Figurative Language
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Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Onomatopoeia
Personification
Alliteration
Imagery
Simile
A __________
using “like” or “as”
 Used to paint a
picture in the mind
of the reader, by
showing how things
are __________

What qualities do these
two have in common?
Metaphor
A comparison
between two things
_______ using
“like” or “as”
 Paints a picture is
the mind of the
reader by saying
something ______
something else

Life is a highway.
Hyperbole
An exaggerated
statement
 Used to _________
size or quantity

The teacher gave us a ton
of homework!
Onomatopoeia
Words created to
imitate __________
 Appeals to the
readers sense of
_________

Personification
"Summer Grass" by Carl
Sandburg
Summer grass aches and
whispers
It wants something: it calls
and sings; it pours out wishes
to the overhead stars.
The rain hears; the rain
answers; the rain is slow
coming; the rain wets the face
of the grass.
Giving ________
qualities to
inanimate (nonmoving) objects
 Used to ________ a
feature or make
something stand out

Alliteration
__________ of initial
sounds in neighboring
words
 Creates ________,
emphasizes (by using
repetition)
Dancing Dolphins
By Paul McCann

Notice the use of the
various “t” sounds
throughout this stanza and
in the next two.
Those tidal thoroughbreds that
tango through the turquoise
tide.
Their taut tails thrashing they
twist in tribute
to the titans.
They twirl through the trek
tumbling towards the tide.
Imagery
Appeals to the _____
senses
 Elaborately describes
what is seen, heard,
felt, smelled, and tasted

The thick heavy smell of sugar
tickles my nose, and the sweet,
buttery goodness coats my mouth
like a blanket. The sharp taste of
cinnamon awakens my taste buds,
but the soft gooey pastry only
leaves me craving more.