Transcript Presentation title slide - 42 pt Times New Roman, White

Innovation Challenges in
Homeland Security
Security Innovation Network
Innovation Summit 2012
August 8, 2012
Tara O’Toole, M.D., M.P.H.
Under Secretary for Science and Technology
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Key Points
 Homeland Security missions: cover broad scope of problems
and operations, complex, dynamic
 Value Proposition of DHS Science and Technology Directorate
(S&T)
 How do we build national innovation ecosystem?
 Possible directions for government, academia, and private sector
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Department of Homeland Security
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Thinking Enemies:
Evolution of Terrorist Attacks in Aviation
Time
Event/Threat
Vulnerability
Response
1970s
Hostage/Hijacking
Guns, weapons
Magnetometers
1988
Pan Am 103, Lockerbie
Bomb in baggage
Baggage scans
Sept. 2001
WTC, PA, Pentagon
Box cutters, etc
TSA
Dec. 2001
Richard Reid
Shoe bomb
Shoes removed
2004
Chechen suicide attacks
Vests
Pat downs,
backscatter
2006
Heathrow liquids plot
Novel liquid bomb
Liquids ban
2009
Non-metallic body bomb
Body bomb in
sensitive area
ETD, WBI, pat down
2010
Printer cartridge bombs
Explosives packed in Trace detection for
cargo
cargo
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U.S. Airline Flight Density
Source: Koblin
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Worldwide Land and Sea Shipping Density
Sources: Uchida, Nelson
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Visualization of the Internet
Source: OPTE Project
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WMD and other Catastrophes
 Deliberate biological attacks – human or agriculture targets
 Natural pandemic – influenza or emerging disease
 Improvised nuclear device – scale varies
 Big earthquake, hurricane
 Cyberattack(s) on critical infrastructure
 Complex technological accidents
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Complex Systems Fail Complexly
“In complex industrial, space, and military systems,
the normal accident generally (not always)
means that the interactions are not only unexpected,
but are incomprehensible for some critical period of time.”
–Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents, 1984
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Deepwater Horizon
Sources: Reuters, Wikimedia Commons
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Three Near-Simultaneous Disasters
Magnitude 9.0
Sources: AP, Reuters
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DHS S&T Mission
Strengthen America’s security and resiliency by providing
knowledge products and innovative technology solutions
for the Homeland Security Enterprise
S&T Value Proposition
 S&T’s contributions to the Homeland Security Enterprise will
come from:
 Creation, of new technological capabilities and process enhancements
 Cost savings due to technological innovation and analytics
 Leveraging scientific and engineering expertise to achieve improvements in
operational analysis, project management and acquisition management
 Progressively deeper, broader understanding of homeland security
technology priorities and capability gaps
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Goal 1: Transition to Use
Rapidly develop and deliver knowledge, analyses, and
innovative solutions that advance the mission of the
Department
 Provide knowledge, technologies, and science-based solutions that are
integrated into homeland security operations, employing 24-36 month
innovation cycles from project inception through operational testing
 Strengthen relationships with DHS components to better understand and
address their high-priority requirements
 Become “best-in-class” at technology foraging – find and use what’s out
there; encourage and enable multidisciplinary teams
 Focus on rigorous project selection and regular review of the entire R&D
portfolio
 Implement processes that strengthen project management, evaluation, and
accountability within the Directorate
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Innovation as Goal
“The greatest change of all is probably that in the last 40 years
purposeful innovation—both technical and social—has itself become
an organized discipline that is both teachable and learnable.”
“[E]very organization will have to learn to innovate—and innovation
can now be organized and must be organized—as a systematic
process.”
“On the one hand, this means every organization has to prepare for the
abandonment of everything it does. […] On the other hand, every
organization must devote itself to creating the new.”
–Peter Drucker, The New Society of Organizations, 1992
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Where Innovation Comes From
“In the cases I have studied, again and again I am struck that
innovation emerges when people are faced by problems—
particular, well-specified problems.
“It arises as solutions to these are conceived of by people
steeped in many means—many functionalities—they can
combine.
“It is enhanced by funding that enables this, by training and
experience in myriad functionalities, by the existence of
special projects and labs devoted to the study of particular
problems, and by local cultures that foster deep craft.”
–W. Brian Arthur, The Nature of Technology, 2009
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R&D Investment Worldwide
Source: NSF
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Innovation Is Not a Given
 Are we losing our edge?
 How do we balance R&D
investments in an austere
budget cycle?
 What happens in five
years if we don’t invest in
R&D?
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Innovation in DHS S&T
“Top heavy bureaucracies remain innovation sink holes.”
Steven Johnson, Where Good Ideas Come From, 2010
 DHS S&T innovation advantages
 Problem rich environment
 Multidisciplinary teams
 Leverage others’ investments
 Opportunities for operational test beds, pilots, T&E
 Capacity to partner with private sector, academia, other federal agencies,
internationally
 Convening power
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Collaborative Innovation
 New hubs and vehicles for sustained intellectual sharing,
collaboration
 Common, comprehensive understanding of problems to be
solved
 System solutions – not just technology fixes
 New partnerships between US government and other players:
discussion groups, collaborations, grants, contracts
 Faster transition to use in the field
 Clear, repeated, public descriptions of purposes and stakes
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“The single most frequent failure
in the history of forecasting
has been grossly underestimating
the impact of technologies”
–Peter Schwartz, President, Global Business
Network
21
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