Northeast Asian Power Grid Interconnection Shenzhen，May 7, 2002

Software Analysis Tools

Felix Wu University of Hong Kong

Software Tools: Functions

 Planning tools » » » Cost / benefit analysis of alternative plans Financial risk assessment Feasibility of plans: identify potential operating disasters  Operating tools » » Engineering design Operational procedure   Data requirement Interactions of the tools

Interactions of Software Tools

Planning tools: •Benefits - Economy - Environment •Investments •Risk Investment decisions Schematic update Operation tools: •Performance analysis -Stability •Control system design

Investment Decision Support

  Investment costs » » Fixed cost Operating costs Calculating capital costs » Assumptions » Accounting practice  Estimating operating costs » How the system operates – – Plant availability Merit order loading (Unit commitment and economic dispatch) » Production costing simulation

Production Simulation

    Simulate power system operation To calculate production cost  From each generator and for the whole system  Energy, fuel, pollution, etc. Load  » Forecast load-A.

Load » Forecast load-B Generation » » » Existing generation A Export to B Merit order  Generation » » Existing generation B Import from the interconnection.

» Merit order

Production Costing Simulation

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Load (GW) Annual Load Curve Expensive Thermal Hydro Cheap Thermal (Week)

Production Costing Simulation

140 Load (GW) Annual Load Curve 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Expensive Thermal Cheap Import Hydro Cheap Thermal

Probabilistic Production Costing  Taking into account of uncertainties in generator scheduling, forced outages, hydro availability, etc.

 Multi-year breaking down to a series of monthly or weekly simulations  Output provides information of » Fuel usage and cost » » » Pollution generated Reliability level (Loss of load probability) System marginal cost  Can be used to assess benefits (economical and environmental) of interconnection.

 Data requirements

Data

 Input data » » Load demand (peak load growth and load shape) Generator capacity, availability, fuel type, heat rate, start-up/ shutdown cost, pollution generation » Fuel cost  Output data » System reliability » System and individual generator operating cost (fuel, O&M), emission…..

 Main tool in generation planning

Multi-area Production Costing

  Two approaches » » Simultaneous simulation External input External input » Determine transfer capability between areas – – Rated and actual Transmission planning tool » Estimate transfer schedule » Model import as generator and export as load in production costing – Deterministic or probabilistic modeling

Generation Planning

 Requirement for generation addition » Reliability (Loss of load probability)  What, where, when and how much to add » Scenario study » Optimization approach  Production costing

Commercial Software Packages

   PROSYM UPLAN EGEAS

PROSYM

  Developed by Henwood Energy Services.

More than 80% of utilities in the North American use it.

  Scenario modeling Stand-alone production costing or comprehensive optimal generation planning.

 Detailed representation of performance, cost and constraint characteristics of physical and financial resources

UPLAN

  Developed by LCG Consulting Advanced algorithms to simplify computations   PC based Multi-area capability

EGEAS

 Developed by Stone and Webster for EPRI (USA).

  Advanced optimization techniques Detailed production costing

Transmission Planning

 Siting » Route selection » Capacity » Costing » Scenario generation  Performance analysis » Fixed configurations (snap shot) » Power flows, optimal power flows, stability

Data Requirements

 Input data » Transmission network – – Configuration Parameters » Generation – – configuration Cost » Load  Output data » Power flow pattern » Constraint violations

Software Packages

  PSAPAC (EPRI, USA) DSA Power Tools (PowerTech Labs, Canada)     PSS/E (Power Technologies, Inc. USA) EuroStage (EDF) Netomac (Siemans) Power System Toolbox (Cherry Tree)

PSAPAC

     Comprehensive modeling Advanced algorithms Accurate and reliable performance Extensive data requirement Elaborate output

Major Components of PSAPAC

  INFLOW: Interactive power flow analysis ETMSP: Extended transient and mid-term stability program    SSSP: Small signal stability program VSTAB: Voltage stability analysis DYREN: Dynamic reduction program

Power System Toolbox

  Capability » Designed for small to medium sized system (800 nodes, 200 generators)  Characteristics » » A set of coordinated Matlab files Source code availability Functions » » » Load flow Transient stability Small signal stability

Calibration of Tools

Planning

UPLAN PST PROSYM PSAPAC More detailed modeling More data

Operation

Conclusion

 For the Northeast Asian Power Interconnection Study, the following factors should be considered in the selection of software tools » » Achievement of objectives Minimum data requirement » » Commonly used Transparent » Ease of use

Conclusion

 For a preliminary study, we recommend that » For a particular analysis, a software is selected as the defacto standard » The interface between countries are specified according to the data requirement of that software » Each member country can use the standard software or their own software for their part of the analysis » » The results are shared with the group Nautilus conducts an overall study and also provides assistance to each member country.

Conclusion

 We recommend that UPLAN and Matlab/PST be used initially for the preliminary study. More sophisticated tools may be used for future engineering analysis.