Transcript Slide 1

CHAPTER 6
Section 3
Jefferson Alters the Nation’s
Course
Election of 1800
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Adams vs. Jefferson
Party (allies & beliefs) vs. Party (allies &
beliefs)
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Jefferson defeats Adams Constitutional flaw was exposed
Tie in Electoral votes between
Jefferson (Pres. Candidate) and Burr
(Vice-Pres. Candidate) from
Democratic Republican party – 73
votes a piece
HOR to decide – they voted 36 times
before Hamilton convinced a Federalist
to vote for Jefferson – Burr was not
qualified to be President
Changed the voting procedure to one
vote for President and one for Vice
President for the electors instead of
just second place
Election of 1800
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Jefferson strikes deal with Federalists to keep Hamilton’s financial system
in place
HOR to decide – they voted 36 times before Hamilton convinced a
Federalist to vote for Jefferson – Burr was not qualified to be President
Jefferson wins by one vote after several ballots are cast
Peaceful transition – Jefferson later called Revolution of 1800
Burr v. Hamilton Duel
Thomas Jefferson Takes Office
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Wants to simplify the Presidency and get back to ideals of Revolution
Dresses more plainly, not into the pomp and circumstance, walks to
his own inauguration
Shrink the role of federal gov’t – reduce Army, reduce expansion of
Navy, reduce role of the Bank of the US, wanted more free trade (less
gov’t control in trade)
Eliminated whiskey tax
Congress repealed Alien and Sedition Acts
The Rise of the Supreme Court
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Before Jefferson took office,
Federalists passed Judiciary Act
of 1801
Judiciary Act of 1801 – Adams
passed this which increased
federal judges to 16 – and filled
these positions with federalists
(Midnight Judges) because he
signed their appointments on his
last day in office
Greater control of judge positions
by federalist and shifted power to
federal courts and away from state
courts
Republicans repeal act early in
1802, doing away with midnight
judges
Marbury vs. Madison
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Adams appointed
Federalist John
Marshall chief justice
of Supreme Court
In 1803, Marshall and
the Supreme Court
reaffirmed policy of
judicial review – the
power to decide
whether laws passed
by Congress were
constitutional
Per. 9 – Presidents Chart – West Point
The Louisiana Purchase
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In 1800, France regains Louisiana from
Spain in secret deal
Worried about control of Mississippi
River, Jefferson sends delegation to
Paris
The Constitution did not mention the
purchase of land Jefferson – a strict
interpretation
Transfer of land was arranged as
part of a treaty between France
and the U.S - negotiated by the
executive branch and ratified by the
Senate
Napoleon needs money to fight war in
Europe
France sells Louisiana to U.S. for
bargain price of $15 million.
The Louisiana Purchase
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Set precedent for expansion
& Doubled the size of the US
Allowed Jefferson to complete the
purchase without the elastic clause Established the precedent that
land can be added to the US by
treaty – opened the possibility to
expand to Pacific coast (“Manifest
Destiny”)
Payment (arranged by Bank of
U.S.) of $15 million
Gave US complete control of
the Mississippi River removed
a foreign neighbor from our
western boundary & paved the
way for the Lewis and Clark
Expedition
Lewis and Clark Expedition
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Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis
and William Clark to explore
Louisiana Territory
Found path through Rocky Mts,
reached Pacific Ocean
Along the way they met
Sacagawea, a Native American
woman who served as a guide
Lewis & Clark Video
Thomas Jefferson – Foreign Policy
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Barbary War
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ChesapeakeLeopard Affair
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The Embargo
Act – 1807
This famous political cartoon lampoons the
Embargo Act signed by Jefferson. It closed all
ports to foreign ships and was unpopular.
Ograbme is embargo spelled backwards.
CHAPTER 6
Section 4 – The War of 1812
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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Rising Tensions With Britain
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After fragile peace fell
apart, Britain and France
go back to war in 1803
Britain began to use
impressment, kidnapping
Americans off of merchant
ships and forcing them to
serve in the British Navy
In June 1807, a British
warship opened fire on the
American warship The
Chesapeake
Jefferson tries an
embargo but it does not
work – repealed in 1809
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The Road to War
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James Madison elected
president in 1808
Like Jefferson, Madison
tried economic pressure to
get France and England to
stop interfering with
American ships
The Non-Intercourse Act
and Macon’s Bill #2 both
failed to convince Britain or
France to respect
American shipping rights
Finally in 1810, France
agreed to stop restricting
American trade
James Madison
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The Road to War
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War Hawks – group of
young Republicans from
the South and West who
are pushing for war with
Britain
The northeast is against a
war – hurts trade
In June 1812, Madison
asked Congress for a
Declaration of War
Congress voted to
declare war; 79-49 in the
House and 19-13 in the
Senate
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
Henry Clay
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Causes of the War of 1812
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Impressment of
American sailors
Western settlers blamed
British for problems with
Native Americans
Southern farmers were
losing money because
of British trade
restrictions
Lack of communication
between Britain and
U.S.
France tried to lead U.S.
and Britain into war
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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Problems of the War of 1812
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U.S. was not ready to
fight War of 1812 –
only 7,000 troops and
16 ships
Americans deeply
divided – New
England called it “Mr.
Madison’s War”
U.S. financial
problems – National
Bank charter had
expired
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The War of 1812
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U.S. decided to invade
Canada in 1812 – huge
mistake
U.S. had some success
on Lake Erie in 1813
In 1814, Britain’s war
with France ended and
the British shifted extra
troops to America
With U.S. focused on
Canada, Britain invaded
via the Chesapeake Bay
and burnt Washington to
the ground in Aug 1814
U.S.S. Constitution
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The Star Spangled Banner
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After attacking
Washington D.C., the
British attacked
Baltimore
U.S. prepared to defend
Baltimore
After the British
bombarded Fort
McHenry all night long
on Sep. 13th, Francis
Scott Key wrote the
Star Spangled Banner
the next morning
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The War of 1812
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Support for the war declined,
especially among New England
Federalists
At the Hartford Convention in
December 1814, High Federalists
urged New England to secede
from the Union
A month later the U.S. gets a
decisive victory at the Battle of
New Orleans – General Andrew
Jackson becomes a war hero
The Hartford Convention all but
ended the Federalist Party
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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The War of 1812 Ends
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Britain and the U.S.
signed the Treaty of
Ghent on December 2,
1814
Treaty was actually
signed before the Battle
of New Orleans
Treaty said nothing
about impressment and
no territory changed
hands
War of 1812 increased
the nation’s prestige
overseas, as well as
unity and patriotism
Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History
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