Transcript Voice over IP for ANIone

What is VoIP?
Telephone Service as we know it, today…
Telco PSTN,
CO Switch
Evolution
IP Network
LAN or WAN,
Router
IP Telephone
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IP Telephone
Some slides adapted from ANI course
What is IP?
Internet Protocol (IP) characteristics:

IP is a Protocol
– A Method of Communication
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
Industry Standard (De Facto)

Designed for the Department of Defense (DOD)

Provides for Logical Addressing of Devices

Creates a robust non-centralized Network
Some slides adapted from ANI course
Analog and Digital Voice Circuits

Analog Circuit
– Referred to as a line
•
Unit by which capacity is typically measured
•
A residential line or a 1FB (Feature Group - Business)
– Bandwidth is typically between 300 Hz and 3 KHz
– Voice traffic is carried as a waveform

Digital Circuit
– Analog voice traffic that has been “digitized”
(converted to bits) for ease of transport
– Bandwidth is typically 1.544Mbps
– Voice traffic is carried as a stream of bits
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Analog to Digital Conversion
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
*External microphone
in use!
Analog to Digital
Converter
8-Bit
Sample @
8 KHz/Sec
Bit 6
Bit 7
Bit 8
Serial
Transmission
Bit 1
Bit 2
Bit 3
Bit 4
Bit 5
Bit 6
Bit 7
Bit 8
64 Kbps
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Voice Protocols

VoIP uses two common protocols to carry your
voice message
– User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
– Real-Time Protocol (RTP)
IP
UDP
RTP Data
VoIP Packet
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Business Case
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
The Promise of VoIP

Single Converged Network of Voice and Data
Benefit: Lower Cost

Integrating Voice into the Desktop
Benefit: User Productivity
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
The State of VoIP

Are People Planning to use VoIP?
YES! They’re doing it!

What is the State of the Industry?
Late Prototype to Early Production

How is the Sound Quality?
The Sound Quality is Excellent now
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Benefits of VoIP

Easy Deployment and Reconfiguration Management

Cost Savings: Hardware, Maintenance, Toll Charges

Improved Mobility, Changing of Offices, Phone
Numbers

Convergence of Services, such as Conferencing

Compared to TDM Phones, VoIP Phones offer
– More Flexibility
– More Features
This Equates to Corporate Productivity Enhancement
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Basics

PBX Functionality in an IP-based System

PBX Switch operation in a LAN

Enterprise to Enterprise communication

IP Services (ie. Unified Messaging)
– Sends voicemail messages via Email

Toll Bypass
– Removes connection charges paid to Carrier
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Telco Policy Law and Precedents
What we have now with the Telco:
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
Carrier Grade Reliability

Public Safety

Law Enforcement

National Security

Universal (affordable) Service

Disabled Access
Some slides adapted from ANI course
What is “Carrier Grade” in a
Telco Network?
“Carrier Grade” operation is a global Telco standard

Dialtone is provided even when local electricity
is unavailable (ie. East Coast blackout of 2003)

Carrier Grade means a high level of total
availability
– Referred to as “Five Nines” (99.999%)
– Equates to 5 minutes per year of network downtime
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Dependencies

VoIP does not automatically imply Voice over the
Internet
– Voice over IP can, and is, in private IP-based networks

Complete deployment of VoIP is totally dependent
on Broadband adoption
– Requires acceptable bandwidth at the SOHO location
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Consumer Acceptance of VoIP

The End User requirements and Feature
Assessment must be Accurate

Train the End Users, Demonstrate the
Advanced Features

Benchmark the Before / After performance
– Currently Cable Modem and DSL can provide
excellent SOHO service for Internet access

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The Consumer must be comfortable with the
VoIP environment
– VoIP operation must be transparent to user
Some slides adapted from ANI course
Success Stories for VoIP
Services

Free World Dialup
– Peer to peer (closed network) over Broadband
200,000 Users, Worldwide

Vonage
– 200,000 subscribers

Shoreline
– 30,000+ subscribers
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Interoperability Challenges

In a manner similar to the networking industry,
the early deployment vendors are creating
proprietary implementations
– Some hardware/software combinations will not
scale to support large enterprises
– Difficult to test interoperation with all possible
vendor solutions
– Testing under heavy load is not always available
for newer technologies

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Legacy support is critical as newer products
and protocols are developed
Some slides adapted from ANI course
Need for Standards Bodies
A Standards Body provides the following benefits:
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
Helps to insure interoperability between vendors

Provides a forum for Improvement and
Technology research

Helps to select the Best Overall Solution for
Market Applications

Acts as a Standards Body, not as a Regulatory
Agency
Some slides adapted from ANI course
Existing Standards Bodies for
VoIP and Networking
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
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Institute for Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)

International Standards Organization (ISO)

3G Partnership Project (3GPP/3GPP2)

CableLabs
Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP History
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
1995 VocalTec

1996 International
Telecommunication Union Version 1 Draft of H.323

1999 DialPad begins Service

2001 Microsoft XP with SIP
support

2001 Qwest in Boise, ID starts
VoIP trials for Customers

2002 Vonage initiates Service
Elad Sion
Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Vendor Devices
A sample of VoIP devices available today:
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
H.323 Phones

SIP Phones

Software Phones (NetMeeting, Skype)

USB Phones

Wireless Phones (Future Cellular)

PDA’s

Routers/Gateways
Some slides adapted from ANI course
The Future of VoIP?
VoIP deployments face some challenges:
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
Residential/Small Business VoIP Providers

9-1-1 / E9-1-1 Issues

Requirement for Integrated Networks

Consistent Network Infrastructure
Some slides adapted from ANI course
SOHO VoIP Providers
Vendors active in the SOHO market space
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
Voiceglo

Packet 8

Vonage

Iconnect

Nikotel (SIP Network)

Net2phone

Level 3 Communications
Some slides adapted from ANI course
9-1-1/E9-1-1 Issues
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
All Devices Should be treated as Movable

Routing to the correct PSAP serving the geo/political
jurisdiction where the 911 caller is physically located

Sending Proper Re-contact (call back) Information to
PSAP

IP PBX must get Location / Endpoint information to PSAP

Cannot Rely on E.164 Numbering Plan for physical
location information
Some slides adapted from ANI course
VoIP Conclusions

VoIP is a Viable Technology, Ready to Deploy NOW!

VoIP allows for Convergence of Services at the Phone
or Desktop

VoIP is Easy to Manage, Deploy and Reconfigure

VoIP will provide Cost Savings: Lower Toll Call Costs,
Lower Equipment Cost and Lower Maintenance Costs

VoIP provides Improved Mobility

VoIP Phones have More Features than TDM Phones
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
NENA-VON Coalition Agreement

Established to set minimum levels of
coordination with Public Safety and NENA

Does not recommend call delivery to 10 digit
numbers, but rather as minimum method

Recommends active contact with PSAPs or
PSAP Coordinator prior to service initiation, to
establish what method is to be used to deliver
9-1-1 dialed calls, and the details
(See Agreement in separate document, or at
the NENA website (www.nena.org) – may be
updated at the website)
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Some Ways to Receive VoI 9-1-1 Calls
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
NENA’s view is that Voice over Internet service
providers should use the best available method
for 9-1-1 calling, prior to the availability of the
NENA I2 standard interface. See descriptions.

10 digit emergency number delivery should be
used only for those cases where better methods
can’t apply.

Since many VoI subscribers are in replacement
of previous wireline service that had E9-1-1, VoI
subscribers should have E9-1-1 service where
possible. VoI provider costs for E9-1-1 access
should not be a primary issue. E9-1-1 is
fundamental service, not optional.
Some slides adapted from ANI course
Some Methods to Receive Voice over Internet 9-1-1 Calls
Best choice is for as many Voice over Internet providers as
possible to use initial methods to interface to the E9-1-1
systems, via a CLEC or cable provider (or ILEC?!) for
subscribers using home NPA at fixed location.
With the proper procedures, nomadic subscribers could
voluntarily update location.
Examples: Packet8 / Level3, VoxPath, CoxCable,
TimeWarner, MCI and AT&T CallAdvantage may be adding
this method.
10 Digit numbers are a lesser alternative, and are the only
known method for handling the subset of non-home NPA
subscribers.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
A. Establish or identify a 24x7 10 digit emergency number
with the CallerID feature, and set it as a priority answer
equivalent to 9-1-1 trunk calls, in the ACD, on the telephone
console itself, or in some other way that fits the PSAP
systems. Provides callback number in most cases, for those
Voice over Internet providers using CallerID.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
B. Establish a 10 digit emergency number in a central office
that call forwards, with ANI of that CO number, to the central
office’s 9-1-1 trunk group into the Selective Router. For both
routing control to the target PSAP, and for ALI purposes,
establish a fixed ALI record against that call forward ANI, that
identifies the call as a Voice over Internet call from a given
area. Note that this technique could be applied by VoI
service provider, using different numbers for each, or across
all VoI type providers in common. Does not provide ANI of
the caller.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
C. Establish a new SR to PSAP trunk group, with its own
Routing TN at the SR, for call delivery through the new PSAP
trunk group. This technique allows call delivery within the
9-1-1 trunking to the 9-1-1 CPE, provides equivalent priority
of answer capability, and E9-1-1 transfer capabilities, but
does not provide ANI or CallerID. Call appears as an
Anonymous call, but is identifiable as a VoI call due to the
dedicated trunk group.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
NENA and Internet communications providers have agreed
upon the following action items:
1. For service to customers using phones that have the
functionality and appearance of conventional telephones,
provide 9-1-1 emergency services access (at least routing
to a PSAP10-digit number) within a reasonable time (three
to six months) and prior to that time inform customers of
the lack of such access.
2. When a communications provider begins selling in a
particular area, it should discuss with the local PSAPs or
their coordinator (as identified on the NENA website) the
approach to providing access. (For example, if routing to
10-digit number, confirm the correct number with the
PSAP.) This obligation does not apply to any “roaming” by
customers.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
3. Support for current NENA and industry work towards an
interim solution that includes (a) delivery of 9-1-1 call
through the existing 9-1-1 network, (b) providing
callback number to PSAP, and (c) possibly in some
cases, initial location information. The current timeline
for the NENA VoIP/Packet Committee to develop its
interim recommended solution is May 2004.
4. Support for current NENA and industry work towards
long-term solutions that include (a) delivery of 9-1-1 call
to the proper PSAP, (b) providing callback
number/recontact information to the PSAP, (c) providing
location of caller; and (d) PSAPs having direct IP
connectivity. The initial standards development work of
the NENA VoIP/Packet Committee should be completed
by the end of 2004.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
5. Support for an administrative approach to maintaining
funding of 9-1-1 resources at a level equivalent to those
generated by current or evolving funding processes.
6. Consumer education. This could include projects
involving various industry participants and NENA public
education committee members to create suggested
materials explaining any 9-1-1 differences to customers.
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Some slides adapted from ANI course
Roger Hixson
Technical Issues Director
NENA - The Voice of 9-1-1
614-442-9110 or 800-332-3911
[email protected]
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Some slides adapted from ANI course