Transcript EMB315: Non-Volatile Object Store And Hive Based Registry

EMB315
Non-Volatile Object Store
And Hive Based Registry
Design For Windows CE
Rick Austin
Principle Engineer
Intermec Corporation
Hardware/Drivers
OEM/IHV Supplied
Programming
Model
Data
Device Building
Tools
BSP
(ARM, SH4, MIPS)
EDB
SQL Server 2005 Mobile Edition
Relational
Native
Server Side
Standard PC
Hardware and Drivers
Windows XP DDK
Windows Embedded
Studio
Platform Builder
Lightweight
Managed
OEM Hardware and
Standard Drivers
SQL Server 2005 Express Edition
SQL Server 2005
Win32
MFC 8.0, ATL 8.0
.NET Compact Framework
ASP.NET Mobile Controls
.NET Framework
ASP.NET
Windows Media
DirectX
Multimedia
Location Services
MapPoint
Development Tools
Visual Studio 2005
Internet Security and Acceleration Server
Exchange Server
Live Communications Server
Speech Server
Communications
& Messaging
Device Update Agent
Management
Tools
Image Update
Software Update Services
Systems Management Server
Microsoft Operations Manager
History
RAM Registry
SYSGEN_FSREGRAM
Most Common Implementation in PDAs
Content Loss on boot
Save And Restore Methods require difficult code
pReadRegistryFromOEM
pWriteRegistryToOEM
RAM Object store
SYSGEN_FSRAMROM
most common denominator for application development
Object Store Volume is always mounted
Object Store is the Root of the file system
Content Loss on cold boot
Object Store and Executable Memory Tradeoff
FSRAMPERCENT
SetSystemMemoryDivision()
RAM Object store limited to 256 MB
Persistence Benefits
Simplifies Cold Boot System startup
Data and Configuration is permanent
Install applications once
Reduce Data
Backup/Restore Requirement
Eliminate Redundant Data
storage Requirement
Reduce Cold Boot Times
No Limit On Object Store Size
Persistence Benefits
Better Power Management
Reduce/Remove Backup Battery needs
Increase Battery run time
Lower RAM requirements = Lower Power
Easy to Implement
Largely Transparent to current Apps
Mainly Simple Registry Setup Required
Lower Cost systems
Flash is cheaper than RAM for Data Store
Boot Phase Definitions
0 = Prior to init of locale (wince.nls)
1 = After locale init (wince.nls) but
before registry is functional
2 = After registry is functional
File System Fundamentals
Autoload file systems
HKLM\System\StorageManager\AutoLoad
Do not need block drivers
Don’t require Device.exe
Loaded by Storage Manager
Can Start in BootPhase 0 or 1
Can Load Synchronously or Asynchronously
[HKLM\System\StorageManager\Autoload\<your file
system>]
“BootPhase” = dword:0
“LoadFlags” = dword:0
;Async (default)
;Sync = 1
File System Fundamentals
Block Driver Based File Systems
Loaded By Device.exe
IClass indicates its managed by storage
manager {A4E7EDDA-E575-4252-9D6B4195D48BB865}
Specifies partition and File system drivers
Must Start in Bootphase 1
HKLM\Drivers\Builtin\<your block device>
“BootPhase” = dword:1
Hive Fundamentals
Hives are registry files stored on
persistent file systems
Boot Hive
Changes made during boot are copied to
system hive
Default Hive / System Hive
System Data (HKLM, HKCR, HKU)
User Hive
User Data (HKCU)
Allows settings for different users at logon
Only Deltas are stored
Hive Fundamentals
The kernel starts Filesys.exe
Filesys loads the Boot Hive from the ROM Image
Filesys may start Device.exe to gain access to
system hive
Device.exe starts block drivers based on the boot registry
The boot file system is initialized based on
registry keys
Filesys loads and mounts system registry
The Kernel initializes using the system registry
The Kernel signals Filesys
Filesys.exe starts applications (Launch Keys)
Device.exe is loaded if not already loaded
Filesys.exe signals BootPhase2 event
Device.exe then re-enumerates, starting drivers
Hive Fundamentals
[HKLM\init\BootVars]
"SystemHive"="<system hive path>”
"Start DevMgr"=dword:<your value>
;0 = don’t start
;1 = Start
“Default User”=“<username>”
“ProfileDir”= <path>
“Flags” = dword:3
;Bit 0 = start storage manager
;Bit 1 = start device manager
“RegistryFlags”=dword:<your value>
;1 = enables aggressive flushing
;0 = default behavior
Hive Implementation
Select Catalog Components
Hive Based Registry support
(SYSGEN_FSREGHIVE)
Storage Manager Components
SYSGEN_STOREMGR
FAT (SYSGEN_FATFS) ?
TFAT (SYSGEN_TFAT) ?
Partition Driver (SYSGEN_MSPART) ?
Components required depends on boot device
See Examples
Hive Implementation
Define Registry Hive Boot Sections
Define the drivers and other system
components required to start the system
and access the boot media.
Wrap all boot hive registry entries in the
following comments
;Hive Boot Section
<registry settings>
;End Hive Boot Section
Common.reg has default definitions
Hive Implementation
Prevent device.exe from loading drivers twice
[HKLM\Builtin\drivers\...]
“Flags”=dword:1000
Analyze the File system components
required to load the device used to store
the hives
Does it need partitioning or format?
Beware of drivers that use IsAPIReady()
Enable Additional Debug Zones
[HKCU\Pegasus\Zones]
"FileSys" = dword:20
Hive Implementation
Indicate System Registry Location
[HKLM\System\StorageManager\Profiles\<ProfileName>\<FileS
ystemName>]
"MountFlags"=dword:2
or
“MountAsBootable”=dword:1
Hive Implementation
Implement Registry Flushing
Suspend/Resume/PowerDown Flushing is
automatic if power aware (more later)
Do one or more of the following
Enable Aggressive Flushing
[HKLM\init\BootVars]
“RegistryFlags"=dword:1
RegFlushKey() during power down
Enable Lazy Flushing Environment Variable at
build time
PRJ_ENABLE_REGFLUSH_THREAD
Persistent Object Store
Select the Catalog Components
Select ROM-Only File System from
Catalog (SYSGEN_FSROMONLY)
Select Storage Manager Components
from Catalog
SYSGEN_STOREMGR
FAT (SYSGEN_FATFS) ?
FAT (SYSGEN_TFAT) ?
Partition Driver (SYSGEN_MSPART) ?
Persistent Object Store
Mount Root File System
[HKLM\System\StorageManager\Profiles\<
Your File System>]
“MountAsRoot” = dword:1
Persistent Object Store
Update FSRAMPERCENT in Config.bib
Defaults to 0x80808080 if not set
Set FSRAMPERCENT to >= 32KB
Still need some RAM for Object Store
Operations
Recycle Bin
Copy Operations
Manage Stack and Memory Heap
Compress and Expand Files
*pOEMCalcFSPages()
Exploring A
Persistent System
iPSM Example
; This registry setting indicates the PSM contains the registry and sets PSM
; to load in the first boot phase with the boot registry.
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager\AutoLoad\PSM]
"Dll"="PSMFSD.dll"
"Paging"=dword:1
"LoadFlags"=dword:1
"MountFlags"=dword:2
"Flags"=dword:1000
"MountAsRoot"=dword:1 ;makes psm the root of the file system
"MountAsBootable"=dword:1 ;specifies the drive contains the system hive.
"BootPhase"=dword:1 ;NLS support needed
; The following key loads the PSMLock dll to support power management issue
with PSM
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Drivers\BuiltIn\PSMLock]
"Prefix"="PSL"
"Dll"="PSMLock.Dll"
"IClass"=multi_sz:"{8DD679CE-8AB4-43c8-A14A-EA4963FAA715}"
iPSM Example
; This registry key specifies the name of the PSM folder.
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Drivers\Builtin\FlshDrv]
"FolderName"="Flash File Store“
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager]
"Dll"="fsdmgr.dll“
; This flag tells the device manager to load fsdmgr in the first boot phase
; with the boot registry, and not to load it a second time in the second
; boot phase with the system registry
"Flags"=dword:1000
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\Platform]
"RegPath" = "\\Flash File Store"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager\Profiles\PSM]
"MountAsRoot"=dword:1 ;makes PSM the root of the file system
"MountAsBootable"=dword:1 ;specifies PSM contains the system hive.
"BootPhase"=dword:1 ; NLS support is required
DOC Example
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Drivers\BuiltIn\TrueFFS]
"Index"=dword:1
"Dll"="TrueFFS.dll"
"Prefix"="DSK"
"Order"=dword:1
"Ioctl"=dword:4
"AutoFormat"=dword:1 ; test for format to boot
"DocAccessType"=dword:10
"WindowBase"=dword:0c000000
"IClass"="{A4E7EDDA-E575-4252-9D6B-4195D48BB865}“
"Flags"=dword:1000
;avoid loading the driver twice
"BootPhase"=dword:1 ;NLS support required
DOC Example
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager\Profiles\TRUEFFS_DOC]
"Name"="DiskOnChip M-Systems"
"Folder"="DiskOnChip"
"AutoFormat"=dword:1 ;auto format if needed
"AutoPart"=dword:1
;auto partition if needed
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager\Profiles\TRUEFFS_DOC]
"DefaultFileSystem"="FATFS"
"AutoMount"=dword:1
;mount any partition automatically
"MountAsRoot"=dword:1
;makes trueffs the root of the file system
"MountAsBootable"=dword:1
;specifies that Trueffs contains the system hive.
"BootPhase"=dword:1
;NLS required
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\StorageManager\Profiles\TRUEFFS_DOC\FATFS]
“MountAsBootable"=dword:1 ;FATFS is mounted as bootable
"MountAsRoot"=dword:1 ;FATFS contains the system hive
Debug Example
Power Management
Considerations
Use SetSystemPowerState()
allow power manager to properly flush file system on
suspend/resume cycles
Implement Graceful Shutdowns
Software enabled cold and warm boots
IClass {8DD679CE-8AB4-43c8-A14A-EA4963FAA715}
indicates Power Managed Block Device
Provide methods to protect against file system
corruption
TFAT
Other software methods
Hardware methods
System recovery tools (ScanVolume())
Performance Considerations
Performance will be slower than RAM based Object Store
Consider the System Data Use
NOR Flash Memory
Fast Read
Slower Write than NAND
NAND Flash Memory
Slower Read than Nor
Faster Write than Nor
RamDrive can be used to boost application performance
Implement Proper File System Caching
HKLM\SYSTEM\StorageManager\FATFS
“EnableCache” = dword:1
“CacheSize” = dword:?
FATFS_VERIFY_WRITES Flag ?
FATSF_WRITETHROUGH Flag ?
Implement Proper System Data Caching
Tune File System Drivers for Performance
Application Considerations
Rogue Applications can prevent boot
Implement Clean/Safe Boot
Format Media
IOCTL_HAL_QUERY_FORMAT_PARTITON
Restore Default (ROM) Hive
IOCTL_HAL_GET_HIVE_CLEAN_FLAG
Old Registry is deleted
New Registry is created
Reverts system to Factory Defaults
Provide tools for diagnosis of failure
Read Media from Bootstrap
Diagnose Registry
Diagnose File System
Application Considerations
Registry Save and Restore functions exist
RegSaveKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,…)
RegReplaceKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,…)
RegSaveKey(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,…)
SetCurrentUser(NULL,…)
CopyFile(CurrentUser,….)
Use Persisted Keys for determining when to
backup registry
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE]
"RegPersisted"=dword:1
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER]
“RegPersisted”=dword:1
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