Transcript Read the text. Use the word at the end of each line to

МОУ СОШ № 2 ГП ТЕРЕК
Беркетова Людмила
Каральчуевна,
учитель
английского языка,
высшая категория
Стаж педагогической
деятельности – 34
года
«Работа – лучший
способ
наслаждаться
жизнью»
И. Кант
Look at this picture. What can you see in
the picture?
What adjectives can we use speaking about
clothes?
successful
comfortable
casual
colorful
glamorous
suitable
unusual
clothes
meaningful
practical
fashionable
original
elegant
stylish
beautiful
fancy
extravagant
Word-formation
Add a suffix to these words to make adjectives,
adverbs and nouns












Cheer
Difference
Tradition
Comfort
Expense
Attract
Beauty
Use
Suit
Fashion
Appear
Person
-ance
-able
-al
-able
-ful
-ful
-ive
-ness
-ful
-tion
-al
-able
-ently
Read the text. Use the word at the end of each line to form a
word that fits the space in the same line.
The language of clothes.
ATTRACTIVELY
We don’t only choose clothes to make us look (1)________________
ATTRACT
PERSONALITY
we also use them to tell the world about our (2)__________________
PERSON
The clothes we wear and our (3)_______________________as
a whole
APPEARANCE
APPEAR
USEFUL
give other people (4)______________________information
about what
USE
we think and how we feel. If we feel (5)______________________,
we
CHEERFUL
CHEER
usually wear (6)___________________clothes
and if we feel depressed
COLOURFUL
COLOUR
TEENAGERS
we sometimes put on dark clothes. But why do (7)_________________
TEENAGE
wear black so (8)_________________________?
Is it because they feel
FREQUENTLY
FREQUENT
(9)_____________________all
the time? This is unlikely to be the case.
MISERABLE
MISERY
FASHIONABLE
It is probably just because it is(10)___________________to
wear black.
FASHION
Active Voice
Simple..
Present
Usually, often, never, sometimes,
seldom, always, every day, normally,
regularly
Progressive
Perfect
Now, at this moment
Already, just, this, yet, never,
ever, lately, since, before,
recently, today, so far, years.
For long time, since,
for an hour, How
long...?
Have
Have
am
is
are
V,Vs(he, she, it)
+V3
? Do. does. V; Who Vs
- don’t, doesn't. V
Yesterday, ago, last.
be
were
V-ed, V2
been + V-lng.
Be + V-ing..
Has
Has
? Is, are.
• Isn't, aren‘t
? Have, has.
- haven't, hasn't
? Have, has.
At that time, yesterday, at 5 o'clock, when By 5 o'clock, after, by the end
he came. While
of...
Was
v-ing
Had V3
Were
was
Past
Perfect
Progressive
-haven't hasn't
For 2 hourst before,
when he came.
Had been V-ing
? Was, were.
-wasn't, weren’t.
? Had.
- hadn't
? Had.
- hadn't
Shall
Shall
Shall
? Did. V , Who V2
- didn’t. V
Tomorrow, next, In a week. soon later Tomorrow at this time, at this time next By this time next Mon., before When he comes, for 2
I, We
Monday.
he comes.
hours.
Future
Shall
V
have V3
be V-ing
Will
? Shall, will.
-shan't, won't.
,
have been V-ing
Will
Will
Will
? Shall, will.
- shan't, won't.
? Shall, will.
- shan't won't
? Shall, will.
- shan't, won't
Passive Voice
Past
Present
Simple
спрашивают (обычно,
всегда, каждый день)
спрашивают (сейчас, все
еще)
am
is
are
am
asked
спросили, был спрошен
(вчера, когда-то в
прошлом)
was
Is
are
Future
were
спросят, будет спрошен
(завтра)
will (shall) be asked
be V3
Perfect
спросили (уже
результат)
being asked
спрашивали (когда я
приехал)
been asked
has
спросили, был спрошен
(к тому моменту, уже)
had been asked
being asked
were
вместо
отсутствующей
формы
Future Progressive
употребляется
форма
Future Simple
be being V3
Perfect progressive
Вместо
отсутствующих форм
Perfect Progressive
have
was
asked
Модальный
глагол
Progressive
спросят, будет спрошен
(к тому моменту)
will have been asked
have been V3
употребляются формы
perfect
Прямая и косвенная речь / Direct and reported speeh
Прямая речь — это речь, переданная дословно, без изменений. В английском
языке перед прямой речью, в середине ее или после нее стоят слова пли предложение,
вводящие прямую речь которые отделяются от прямой речи запятой. Прямая речь
заключается в кавычки. Знаки препинания в прямой речи ставятся внутри кавычек.
Тоm tells his friend, "I work in London."
"Who are you?" she cried. "W'hat do you want?"
'They have known each other for years," James said.
"My parents, "she said, "are on holiday."
Косвенная речь — что способ передачи чужой речи. Косвенная речь
представляет собой придаточное предложение, которому предшествует главное.
Косвенная речь в речь в английском языке в кавычки не ставится и запятой не
отделяйся.
Тоm tells his friend that he works in London. Том говорит своему другу, что он
работает в Лондоне.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ПРАВИЛО СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕН/SEQUENCE OF TENSES
Согласование времен - это зависимость времени глагола
придаточного предложения от времени глагола главного предложения.
Если в главном предложении глагол стоит в прошедшем времени,
то в придаточном предложении глагол должен стоять в одном из
прошедших времен (Past или Future-in-the-past).
Для выполнения правила согласования времен в косвенной речи
необходимо осуществлять сдвиг времен по следующим правилам:
времена группы Present изменяются на соответствующие им времена
группы Past;
времена группы Future изменяются на Future-in-the-Past (shall, will
меняются на would);
Past Simple меняется на Past Perfect;
Past Continuous меняется на Past Perfect Continuous;
Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous не изменяются;
can - could, may - might, must - had to, should/would не изменяются.
come-go
Таблица изменений формы глаголов при переводе прямой речи в косвенную
Прямая речь / Direct speech
Present Simple
Мy friends said. "I want to go to England."
Present Progressive
He said. "She is playing tennis now."
Косвенная речь/ Reported speech
Past Simple
Mу friend said that he wanted to go to
England.
Past Progressive
He said that she was playing tennis then.
Present Perfect
He said, "You haven't told us the truth."
Past Perfect
He said that she hadn't told them the truth.
Present Perfect Progressive
She said. "I have been working all morning»."
Past Perfect Progressive
She said that she had been working all
morning.
Рast Simple
Past Ported He said. "Tom phoned yesterday"
Past Perfect
He said that Tom had phoned the Jay
before.
Future Simple
Me said "It will rain tomorrow *
Past Progressive
He said. "She was watering the flowers"
Past Perfect
He said. ’’She had painted the wall
Future-in-the Past
He said that it would rain the next day.
Past Progressive
He said that she was watering the flowers.
Past Perfect
He sad that she had painted the wall.
Таблица изменении указательных местоимений и наречий
при переводе прямой речи в косвенную
Прямая речь
Косвенная речь
now (сейчас)
then (тогда)
here (здесь)
there (там)
this, these (это, этот, эти)
that /those (то, тот, те)
today (сегодня)
that day (в этот день)
tomorrow (завтра)
the next day (the following day) (на
следующий день)
yesterday (вчера)
the day before
next week /year (на следующей неделе / в
(следующем году)
the following week /year (на
следующей неделе / в следующем
году)
last week (на прошлой неделе)
the week before (за неделю до)
the day after tomorrow (послезавтра)
two days later (два дня спустя)
the day before yesterday (позавчера)
two days before (за два дня до этого)
ago (тому назад)
before (раньше)
Правила перевода прямой речи в косвенную
Перевод утверждений в косвенную речь
При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную местоимения
изменяются согласно требованиям логики.
Утверждения переводятся в косвенную речь следующим образом:
Say to smb / tell smb + that + подлежащие + сказуемое + второстепенные члены предложения
Союз that можно не употреблять.
He says to Lena “I do shopping in the market”.
He says to Lena that she does shopping in the market.
He tells Lena that she does shopping in the market.
said to
He told Lena that she did shopping in the market.
She says, “It was a real bargain”. [ba;gin]-выгодная покупка
She says that it was a real bargain.
She said that that had been a real bargain.
Перевод просьб и приказаний из прямой речи в косвенную
Если в прямой речи содержится просьба или приказание, то при переводе в косвенную
речь перед ней:
• ставятся слова автора, содержащие глаголы to ask smb (просить кого-либо) или to tell smb(велеть
кому-либо);
• глагол в косвенной речи ставятся в форме инфинитива.
Вежливая просьба сделать что-либо
to ask smb to do smth — просить кого-либо сделать что-либо. He says to the shop-assistant “Show me
the suit please” He asks/asked the shop-assistant to show him the suit.
Приказание сделать что-либо
to tell smb to do smth - велеть кому-то сделать что-то
to order smb to do smth - приказывать кому-либо сделать что-либо
The director says, “Wear only school uniform at school”. The director tells/told to the pupil to wear school
uniform.
Запрет делать что-либо
to ask smb not to do smth - просить кого-либо не делать чего-либо
Betty says to her son,” Don’t pay a lot of money for out of date clothes.” "Betty asks/tells her son not to pay
a lot of money for out of date clothes.
to tell smb not to do smth - велеть кому-либо не делать чего-либо
The mother says to her son, "Don't stand out .”
The mother tells/told her son not to stand out.
Translate into English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He tells her.
Он велит ей __________________________
The doctor ask me.
Доктор спрашивает меня _______________
They ask us.
Они просят нас ________________________
Мама велит сыну ______________________
Mum tells her son.
Марк говорит ему _____________________
Mark says to him.
Lena asks her friend.
Лена просит подругу ___________________
The teacher asks them.
Учитель спрашивает их _________________
She asks Nina.
Она просит Нину _______________________
Перевод вопросительных предложений в косвенную
речь
Если в предложениях в прямой речи содержится вопрос, то в
косвенной речи в вопросительных предложениях
употребляется прямой порядок слов.
Напомним, что прямой порядок слов встречается в
утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях, когда глаголсказуемое или вспомогательный глагол следует за подлежащим.
He likes to buy things in the sales.
They didn’t buy fancy clothes yesterday.
Обратный порядок слов встречается в вопросительных
предложениях, когда глагол-сказуемое или вспомогательный
глагол стоит перед подлежащим.
Where did they go? Where are they?
Общие и альтернативные вопросы в
косвенной речи вводятся союзами
if/whether
Mum asks Diana, “Have you bought the tight dress today?”
Mum asks Diana if she has bought the tight dress today.
Mum asked Diana if she had bought the tight dress that day.
Разделительные вопросы передаются в косвенной
речи так же как и общие.
“Mary saw my sister yesterday, didn’t she?” Jack asks.
Jack asks if Mary saw his sister yesterday.
Jack asked if Mary had seen his sister the day before.
Специальные вопросы
В специальных вопросах в косвенной речи после вопросительного
слова следует примой порядок слов.
She asks John."Where does Tom do shopping?"
She asks John where Tom does shopping.
She asked John where Tom did shopping.
Mary asks, ”What is Liz wearing now?“
Mary asks what Liz is wearing now.
Mary asked what Liz was wearing then.
Не asks, "Where did Тоm buy these jeans?"
Не asks where Tom bought these jeans.
He asked where Tom had bought those jeans.
В вопросе к подлежащему в косвенной речи порядок слов не меняется.
Не asks. “Who likes designer clothes ?"
Не asks who likes designer clothes .
He asked who liked designer clothes.
Complete these sentences using reported speech
1.
‘It is hot’
Mary said___________
that was hot.
2.
‘I saw Bruce’
Mary told us________________
he had seen Bruce.
3.
‘I’ve eaten’
He said___________
he had eaten.
4.
‘I’ve been reading good book’
she had been reading good book.
She said___________________________
5.
‘I can sing’
she could sing.
She claimed_____________
6.
‘You must rest’
I must/had to rest.
The doctor said________________
7.
‘I saw him yesterday’
she had seen him the day before.
She told us she___________________________
8.
‘He hasn’t been here today’
She told us he______________________
hadn’t been there that day.
9.
‘I’ll give you the money tomorrow’
to that he would give us the money the next day.
He promised__________________
10. ‘Come here’
to go there.
He told her__________
11. ‘Don’t smoke’
She told him______________
not to smoked.
12. ‘Do you smoke?’
if I smoked.
She asked me___________
13. ‘Are you coming or not?’
if I was coming or not.
She asked me___________________
14. ‘Where do you come from?’
where I came from.
She asked me_________________
Перевод предложений Passive
Voice в косвенную речь
При переводе прямой речи в Passive в
косвенную речь соблюдаем все те же
правила перевода, что и в Active Voice.
He says “This bridge was built last century”.
He said that that bridge had been built the
century before.
Translate into Russian
did shopping in the market
was doing shopping
had been doing shopping
She said that she
had done shopping
would do shopping
would be doing shopping
would have done shopping
Глаголы, вводящие утвердительные предложения в косвенную речь
to admit — признавать She said. I am wrong. " — Она сказала: "Я неправа'".
She admitted that she was wrong. — Она признала, что она неправа.
to complain - жаловаться
She said, "Unfortunately. I've gained weight. "
She complained that she had gained weight. — Она пожаловалась, что набрала в весе.
to decide — решать
Не said. "I won't go with you. " He decided not to go with them. — Он решил не ходить с
ними
to explain to smb that — объяснять кому-то, что-то
Emily said to Jane. "You get upset because you think that everybody Is looking at you. "
Emily explained to Jane that she got upset because she thought that everybody
was looking her. — Эмили объяснила Джейн, что она расстраивается, потому
что думает, что все смотрят на нее.
to reply — отвечать
Jeff asked Bill. "Do you know this man?" Bill said. "No. I don't. "
Jeff asked Bill if he knew that man. Bill replied that he didn't. — Джеф спросил
Билла, знает он
этого человека. Билл ответил. что не знает.
to warn — предупреждать
The doctor said to Molly. "Don't skip meals. It won't do you any good. "
The doctor warned Molly not to skip meals because it would't do her any good. " —
Доктор предупредил Молли, чтобы она не пренебрегала едой, потому
что это не принесет ей никакой пользы.
to inform — информировать
John's teacher wrote to his parents. "Your son has been expelled from school.”
John's teacher informed his parents that their son had been expelled from school.
Учтитель Джона проинформировал его родителей, что их сын был исключен из школы.
to advise — рекомендовать The doctor said to Sabby. "You'lI have to eat less bread and sugar. "
The doctor advised Sabby to eat less bread and sugar. -— Доктор посоветовал Сэбби есть
меньше хлеба и сахара.
Некоторые предложения целесообразнее не переводить дословно в
косвенную речь, а передавать их смысл с помощью следующих глаголов.
to agree / disagree with somebody — соглашаться / не соглашаться с кем-либо
to agree / refuse to do something — соглашаться / отказываться делать что-либо
to accept (an offer, an invitation) — принимать (предложение, приглашение)
Alex said to his friend, "I won’t go with you." — Алекс сказал другу: ”Я не пойду с тобой”
Alex refused to go with his friend. — Алекс отказался пойти о другом.
Kate told her friend. "OK. Let's invite Jane." — Кэйт сказала подруге: ‘'Хорошо.
Давай пригласим Джейн”.
Kate agreed to invite Jane. — Кэйт согласилась пригласить Джейн.
Here are some things people have said. Complete the
reported speech sentences using the correct form of one
of the verbs below in each space.
announce, ask, claim, explain, promise, tell
1. ‘I love you.’
told
She _____________
him she loved him.
2. ‘Where are you going?’
He______________
where I was going.
asked
3. ‘I will get Grade A in the exam.’
claimed she would get Grade A in the exam.
She__________
4. ‘We’ll give you back your money soon.’
They_________
promised they would give me back my money soon.
5. ‘I’m getting married to Susan'’
announced he was getting married to Susan.
He____________
6. ‘We have only finished because we’ve worked late every evening.’
He___________they
had only finished because they had worked
explained
late every evening.
Put the sentences into reported/indirect speech
1. “I don’t wear colorful clothes”, he admits
2. “He likes to buy something unusual”, she replies
3. “It was out of fashion”, he remarks
4. “These jeans are not very practical”, he complains
5. “They have been doing shopping for 2 hours”, father
complains
6. “This is where I draw the line”, she thinks
7. “I’ll buy you a very beautiful dress”, mum promises her
daughter
Underline the correct tense.
What were the speaker’s exact words?
A: I like Jane’s new jacket.
B: Me too. She told me she has bought/had bought it at a local
boutique a week before, I bought it at a local boutique a week ago.
A: Peter is a great guitarist.
В: I know. He told me that he will record/ would record his own album the
following year.
A: How much did the concert tickets cost?
В: I don't know. Nathan told me he hadn't bought/didn’t buy them yet.
A: Sandra wasn’t at the office yesterday.
B: Ben said that she wouldn’t come in/hadn’t come in the day before, either.
A: Are James and Lilly going to come to the party on Saturday?
B: No. They said they left/were leaving for Ireland the next day.
Match the expressions with their translations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Сколько это стоит?
У вас есть эти джинсы большего (меньшего) размера?
Я посмотрю.
Могу я заплатить карточкой?
Я просто смотрю, спасибо.
Где примерочная?
Try to put these expressions into reported speech.
Вам помочь?
Customer, “Is it my color?”
Какой у Вас размер?
Как (на мне) сидит (вещь)? The customer asks the shop assistant if it’s his color.
Это мой цвет?
The customer asked her if that was his color.
Вам нравится?
Вам идет.
Принести другой размер?
Мне велико.
Хотите померить?
Какую фирму Вы предпочитаете?
Я это беру.
Конечно, никаких проблем.
Как Вы будете платить?
Мне немного мало.
Эта юбка подходит к этой блузке?
Homework
1.
Complete the exercises at home.
2.
Make-up a dialogue using these
expressions and be ready to retell it
into indirect speech.