Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Rural, Onsite & Small Community

Rural, Onsite & Small Community
Wastewater & Waste Management
Waste Impacts
What is a waste?
Don’t need or use
Takes up space
Contaminates the immediate environment

Odors, bacteria, eyesore
Do wastes have value?
Fertilizer and soil conditioner
Source of organic matter
Food value
Goal of Wastewater Treatment
“it is a national goal that the discharge of
pollutants into navigable water be
eliminated”
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 1972
Option 1
Sew ers
Treatment Plant
Operator
Permit to
Discharge
Option 2
Irrigation
Sew ers
Treatment Plant
Operator
Option 3
Treatment Plant
Treatment Plant
Treatment Plant
Operator
Pollutants in
Waste & Wastewater
Water?
Ammonia
Organic matter
Nutrients
Pathogens
Color
Metals
Soil?
Ammonia
Most damaging pollutant
Very toxic to fish
Toxicity dependent on water pH and
temperature
As pH increase - toxicity increases
 As temperature increases - toxicity increases

Safe Ammonia Concen.
(in mg/l at pH 7)
•Temp. oF
•Ammonia
•45
•16
•50
•11
•59
•7.3
•68
•5.1
•77
•3.5
•86
•2.5
Safe Ammonia Concen.
(in mg/l at pH 8)
•Temp. oF
•Ammonia
•45
•1.6
•50
•1.1
•59
•0.75
•68
•0.52
•77
•0.37
•86
•0.27
Organic Matter
Uses oxygen in the water to “break down”
Less oxygen is available to fish and other
aquatic life
Cold water holds more oxygen
than warm water
•Temp oF
•Dissolved Oxygen
•45
•12.8
•50
•11.3
•59
•10.2
•68
•9.2
•77
•8.4
•86
•7.6
Nutrients
Nitrogen and phosphorus are necessary to
grow plants on land or in water
A lake high in nutrients is eutrophic
Eutrophic lakes are green with algae
Pathogens
Disease in humans and animals
Fecal/oral route

Ingesting waste (in food or water) from an
infected person or animal
Most pathogens do not live in soil or water
and die-off quickly
Color
Water stained brown, black or gray
Makes water less appealing for recreation or
water supply
Metals
Nutrients in small amounts
Herbicides in large amounts
Major exceptions

Cadmium, lead and mercury
Worse Case
Discharge pollutants to a small, slowmoving stream on a hot day
Worse Case
Small - little dilution
Slow-moving - little reaeration
Warm water
Lower oxygen content
 Higher ammonia toxicity

Animal Waste
Feed
Manure
Human Waste
TREATED
WASTEWATER
SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT
FOOD & FIBER
Ohio Laws - by Source
3745 - Water Quality Standards
 3767 - Public Nuisance
 6111 - Water Pollution Control

Agricultural Pollution
1511 - Soil & Water Conservation
1515 - Soil & Water Con. Districts
Senate Bill 141 - Livestock Facilities

Permitting moved from OhioEPA to
Dept of Ag
Ohio
Waste Management - by Category
High Strength
Wastes
High Strength
Wastewater
Manure
Sludg e
Septage
Food
Processing
Wastewater
Domestic
sewage
BOD5
15,000 –
25,000
2000 10,000
150 300
Total
Nitrogen
600 800
40 80
30 40
Total
Susp ended
Solids
12,000 30,000
500 1500
100 200
mg/l
Wastewater
What is BOD?
A measure of waste strength
A bio-assay
BOD test
Start with bottle of water
Measure dissolved oxygen content
Add waste & bacteria
Set aside for 5 days

In dark at constant temperature
Measure dissolved oxygen level
BOD5 result
The amount of oxygen consumed by
bacteria to degrade waste in 5 days
Readings - Class 1
AEX 708 Avoiding Stream Pollution from Animal
Manure
AEX 768 Wastewater Treatment - Principles &
Regulations
AEX 750 Onsite Wastewater Management
Burks & Minnis - 1-34
MWPS-18 Livestock Waste Facilities Hdbk - 1.12.8
Hammer & Hammer - 72-81, 137-156