Transcript Language Learner language and Language Learning Processes

Language Learner language and Language Learning Processes
Lector: Silja Fehn
SoSe 2007
Presentation by: Dominik Emas
Date: 25.04.2007
Pidginisation
and
Fossilisation
Structure
I.
Recap on Interlanguage
II.
Definition - Pidginisation and Fossilisation
III.
Theoretical background
1. Selinker’s observations
2. “Acculturation model” by Schumann
3. Factors for/against Fossilisation
IV.
Pidgin Hawaiin English
V.
Conclusion
VI.
Sources
I.
Recap Interlanguage
 Influenced by L1 and L2
 Error in learner language influenced by L1
 Highly individual
 Assumptions
- individual grammar
- this grammar can be influenced
- restructuring
- outcome
- overgeneralisation of rules
- Fossilisation
II. Definition
 Fossilisation
Fossilisation is a permanent cessation of Interlanguage
learning before the learner has attained Target Language
norms at all levels of linguistic structure [...].
(Selinker, 1978)
 Pidginisation
Pidginisation is the inital restructuring of a language by
a group of learners; this entails structural reduction and
substrate transfer.
(McWhorter, 1995)
III. Theoretical backround
1.
Selinker’s observations
•cognitive mechanism (Fossilisation machanism) (1972)
•performance-related structural phenomenon (1972)
•permanent cessation of IL learning (1978)
•ultimate fossilized competence (1996)
III. Theoretical backround
2.
“Acculturation model” by Schumann
- “Alberto” – A case study
- 33-year-old Costa Rican
- speech was monitored for a period of 10 month
- variation in free expression, natural settings, tests
- Results:
- development of own lingua franca – Pidgin!
- structural reduction e.g.
Negation: ‘no’ + V = I no understand goog
85% accuracy for plural ‘s’
regular past tense 7% and irregular past 65%
III. Theoretical backround
2.
“Acculturation model” by Schumann
Schumann’s reasons for Alberto’s Fossilisation
•Dominance
•Enclosure
- L2 users may dominate the L1 group
- L2 users may be dominated by the L1 group
- L2 group may live
separately from the L1 group
- L2 users may be on an equal footing
•Integration
- L2 users may decide to assimilate to the L1 group
- L2 users may decide to maintain their own culture
> Sociological reasons <
III. Theoretical backround
3.
Factors for/against Fossilisation
-
sociological situations
affective factors
amount of exposure - input
opportunities of expression
negative feedback
absence or presence of pressure on communication
age
IV. Pidgin Hawaiin English
Old nursery rhyme in
Translation into “normal“ English
Pidgin Hawaii
There was one old grandmother
Dere waz one ol Tutu
Stay living in one slippah
She get choke kids
Planny braddahs one sistah
She geev um lau lau
But no mo da poi
Den broke dere okoles
And sent dem moi moi
She was living in just one shoe
She got a lot of kids
Plenty brothers and sister
She gave them beaf
But no more poi
Than she slaped their butts
And sent them to sleep
V.
Conclusion
 Success in L2 acquisition depends on the
degree of social and psychological
distance between the learner and the
target language and culture
VI. Sources




Shapira, R. G. (1978). The Non-Learning of English: Case study of an
Adult. Pp. 246 – 255
Ellis (1997). Pp. 39 – 42
Han, Z. (2004). Fossilization in Adult Second Language Aquisition.
Multilingual Matters LTD, Clevedon
24.04.2007 http://www.extreme-hawaii.com/pidgin/vocab/