ProtoSnap Introduction to Arduino Casey Haskell, Pete Lewis, David Stillman, Jim Lindblom, Pete Dokter, Lindsay Levkoff, Trevor Zylstra

Overview of Class

History of Arduino/SFE What is the Protosnap?:

• Concept, design, hardware

Intro to Coding:

• Arduino software

Example Sketches:

• Digital Output, Digital Input • RGB LEDs • Analog Input, Analog Output

SparkFun Electronics

Sharing Ingenuity

Arduino Board “Strong Friend” Created in Ivrea, Italy in 2005 by Massimo Banzi & David Cuartielles Open Source Hardware Atmel Processor Coding is accessible (C++, Processing, ModKit and MiniBloq) Team Arduino: (Left to right) David Cuartielles, Massimo Banzi & Gianluca Martino

Numbers on the tabs indicate how they are pre wired to the arduino mini.

Arduino Mini

The Arduino Environment

The Environment

Parts of the Sketch

Board Type

Serial Port / COM Port

Digital Output • To Output a Digital signal (On or Off) use this code:

digitalWrite ( pinNumber , value );

• Where value is

HIGH

or

LOW

• Where pinNumber is the pin you want effect.

Now let's upload “Blink.pde”

Declaring Variables • Boolean:

boolean variableName;

• Integer:

int variableName;

• Character:

char variableName;

• String:

stringName [ ];

Assigning Variables • Boolean:

variableName = true;

or

variableName = false;

• Integer:

variableName = 32767;

or

variableName = -32768;

• Character:

variableName = ‘A’;

or

stringName = “SparkFun”;

Now let's add variables to “Blink.pde” (and for fun, let's try changing the delay time)

Digital Input • Useful when reading a button.

*The protosnap has a button pre-wired to pin 7.

• Add this to your setup:

pinMode ( 7, INPUT );

• Use this in your loop:

digitalRead ( 7 );

• Digital Input values are

HIGH

or

LOW

Button Schematic

Internal Pullup Resistors

Add this to your setup:

digitalWrite ( 7, HIGH );

This means...

your button will read HIGH when it is not pushed and LOW when it is pushed

If Statements

if ( this is true ) { do this; }

If

if ( this is true ) { do this; }

Conditional

if ( this is true ) { do this; }

Action

if ( this is true ) { do this; }

Else

else { do this; }

Now let's upload “Button.pde”

RGB LEDs are different...

To turn these LEDs on...

digitalWrite(3, LOW);

Analog Input • Useful to read a sensor that is not simply ON/OFF. (i.e. something like brightness, direction or speed)

*The protosnap has a light sensor wired to Pin A0.

• Use this in your loop:

analogRead ( A0 );

• Analog Input varies from 0 to 1023 on an Arduino

Before we use analogRead(), let's learn about Serial Communication.

 This will be very useful to understand analogRead();  It will allow us to stream the values from the light sensor and watch the data change in real time.

Serial in Setup

Serial Communication: Serial Setup

void setup ( ) { pinMode ( 5, OUTPUT ); pinMode ( 6, OUTPUT ); pinMode ( 7, OUTPUT ); } Serial.begin ( 9600 ) ;

In this case the number 9600 is the baudrate at which the computer and Arduino communicate

Serial Monitor

Serial Communication: Sending a Message

void loop ( ) { //read the value from the sensor: sensorValue = analogRead (sensorPin); Serial.println(sensorValue); if(sensorValue < 90){ digitalWrite(5, LOW); } //code continues after this

Serial Communication

Now let's upload “Light_data_stream.pde”

Now let's do something with the light values!

Using “if statements” we can turn on different RGB LEDs when there is different amounts of light in the room.

Let's upload AnalogInput_Multi_Threshold.pde

Analog Output

Output is always Digital but… • To output a signal that pretends to be Analog use this code:

analogWrite ( pinNumber, value );

• Where value is a number 0 - 255 • Where pinNumber is the pin you want to effect.

Analog Output

Output is always Digital • Using a Digital signal that pretends to be an Analog signal is called Pulse Width Modulation • Use Pulse Width Modulation, or P.W.M., for anything that requires a signal between

HIGH

and

LOW

* like setting an LEDs brightness • P.W.M. is available on Arduino pins # 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11

Analog Output

Output is always Digital, even when it’s P.W.M.

For P.W.M. the Arduino pin turns on then off very fast P.W.M. Signal @ 25% 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 25 50 PWM Percentage 75 P.W.M. Signal @ 75% 100 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 P.W.M. Signal rising 25 50 PWM Percentage 75 100

Now let's upload “Analog_Blink.pde”

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here //this could be anything }

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }

Basic Repetition

for ( int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++ ) { //for action code goes here }

Basic Repetition

for (int count = 0; count<10; count++) { //for action code goes here }

Now Let's try “Fading” an LED You can find it here...

Note, we need to change the variable “ledPin” to one of the RGB pins (5,6 or 3).

Oh, Snap! Personal Projects

• Dave’s Alarm System • Pete’s Guitar • Ben’s Project

Questions?

www.sparkfun.com

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