Transcript EMT's and Injury Prevention

EMT’s and Injury
Prevention
Advocates for Children
and
Safety
EMT-BASIC SUPPLEMENT
• OSDH APPROVED 10/98
• ALL EMT-BASIC COURSES
• EMT-BASIC REFRESHER
• WITHIN WELL BEING OF EMT
Learning Objectives
 Describe how EMT’s can
be effective community
activists.
Describe the Problem.
Leading causes of death
and injury to kids.
Describe the Haddon
Matrix and how to use it.
Discuss specific strategies
for prevention.
Identify Resource
Agencies.
List sources for Injury
Data.
Describe methods for
evaluating prevention
programs.
What is an “ACCIDENT ”?
The term “accident ” suggests
something unpredictable,random and
therefore not preventable.
How many injuries have you responded to
that were truly from an “accident ” and
not from a “preventable incident ” ?
Injury Prevention in EMS
A change of focus from:
Secondary Prevention
Prevention of Death
and Disability from
Injury
Primary Prevention
Prevention of
Injury
This is called a Paradigm Shift
Kids and Injury Prevention
Children are truly our future and our
legacy! Yet we fail to care for our children
by providing them safe environments to
grow up in. For the last forty years Injuries
have been the leading cause of death in
children. Accounting for over 20,000 deaths
per year.
Why Do Kids Get Hurt?
It’s Age and Development Related
 Physical Attributes are varied.
Motorskills haven’t fully developed.
Cognitive and Behavioral development
isn’t complete either.
Anatomic & Physiologic differences alter
injury patterns and severity in comparison
to adults.
Infants
Behaviors
• Unable to communicate
verbally.
• Explores by mouth.
• Rapid changes in motor
abilities and mobility.
• Completely dependent
on the care giver to
meet needs.
Injury Risks
•Falls
•Suffocation &
aspiration from FBAO.
•Child Abuse
•Burns
Toddlers &
Preschoolers
Behaviors
• Curious, exploratory,
unaware of dangers
• Increased mobility
• Higher center of gravity
Injury Risks
•
•
•
•
•
Falls
Scald Burns
Drowning
Poisonings
Child Abuse
Elementary
School Age
Behaviors
• Improved Motor Skills
• Recognizes danger
• Lacks experience and
judgement
• Increased mobility &
independence
Injury Risks
•Bicycle Injuries
•Pedestrian Injuries
•Playground Injuries
Adolescents
Behaviors
•
•
•
•
•
Risk Takers
Strong Peer Influence
Increased Independence
Impulsive
Increased Experimentation
Behaviors
Injury Risks
• Auto/Motorcycle Crashes
•Sports injuries
•Violence Related Injuries
•Substance Abuse
•Suicide
Anatomic & Physiologic
Differences
• General: surface to volume ratio , slow
developing coordination and motor skills.
• Airway: smaller, flexible, easily obstructed.
Tongue is larger.
• Head: larger in proportion to body. Higher
center of gravity
increased falls.
• Trunk: chest wall is less rigid allowing for
greater compression, abdominal organs are less
protected also.
What can EMS do to Help?
What EMS Already Does
Bystander Care
• CPR
• Seat Belt Safety
• First-Aid
• Calling EMS - 911
•
What Else Can We Do?
• Identifying Risks
Seat-belt Use, Bicycle Helmet Use, Drunk Drivers,
Injuries from Airbags, etc.
• DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT! DOCUMENT!
• Speaking UP, Speaking OUT
Traffic Control Issues, Public Access Defib, Water Safety
YOU ARE AN EXPERT!!
Public Education
• “Make the Right Call”
• Bystander Care
• CPR - Early Defib
• Public Service Announcements
• Newspaper Articles
• Public Speaking
BREAK TIME
Next: Principles of Injury Control
Principles of
Injury Control
Scope of the Problem
• Nationally: Injuries are the leading cause of
death in ages1-44, and the third leading
cause of death in all age groups.
• Most at risk are: Children, minorities, those
living in rural areas & with low income.
• Dollars lost: Lifetime costs per death caused
by injuries are almost 4 times greater than
deaths from Cancer and 6 times greater than
those from Cardiovascular Diseases.
Estimates of cost are $45 billion per year.
Scope of the Problem
In Oklahoma
• Death Rates are HIGHER (92 vs. 64 per 100,00)
• Motor Vehicle Crashes are the #1 cause of
death in kids aged15-19 in Oklahoma and the
third leading cause of death in the 0-1 age
group.
Scope of the Problem
Injuries that
result in death
Death is only the “tip
of the iceberg”,
injuries that require
treatment at a
medical facility are
400 times greater.
Injuries requiring
treatment at a
Medical Facility
Who Pays for all of this?
WE DO!!!
The 4 E’s of Injury Prevention
Education
Enforcement
Engineering
Environmental Modification
Education
 Changing behaviors through
education is a slow process and
can take several years to occur.
 Identify a “Target” group.
 Education is used to increase
the publics’ awareness.
Enforcement
A Great Behavior Modifier
Examples:
Seatbelt Compliance Laws
Manufacturers Compliance in Product
Safety
Product Liability Accountability
Engineering
 Technological Advancements
Design Changes: (Airbags)
User Protection
Environmental Modifications
Elimination or Reduction of
Risk
Community based changes
in behaviors
Synergy
When you combine all four
of the E’s, their total impact
is greater than the sums of
each one . 4+4=10
The Haddon Matrix
Factors
P
h
EVENT
a
PreEvent
s
Event
e
s
PostEvent
Host or
Individual
Agent or
Vehicle
Enviroment
The Haddon Matrix
Phases
Pre-event: Actions that can be taken prior to
an events occurrence to prevent it from
occurring.
Event: The injury causing incident and
controls that are already in place to lessen
the severity of the injury.
Post-event: What EMS does currently, as well
as other measures designed to stop or lessen
the injury process.
The Haddon Matrix
Factors
Host: Who’s involved in the injury. Who
gets hurt.
Agent:
What objects or persons are
involved with the injuries occurrence. May
be contributors to the injury process or
protective mechanisms.
Environment: Things within the
community that have an influence good or
bad on the injury process.
Practice Session:
Break into workgroups
and solve an injury
prevention problem
Project
Development
Getting Started
• Identify the injury problem, it’s size and
severity. Data Sources ?????
• What is your target population and what
do you know about them?
• Are there existing programs in place for
this problem or it’s target population?
• Don’t reinvent the wheel- look for
existing programs that have been
successful.
The Planning Stage
• Gather together stakes holders - people
with an interest in the issue.
• Include community leaders - shakers and
movers. They can get things done.
• Convene a meeting on neutral turf for
everyone. Let it be a brain storming
session.
• Set goals both short and long range with
specific timelines for each.
• Anticipate opposition and plan to
overcome.
• Stay Focused!!!
Implementation
• Convene the “Grassroots” network.
• Now involve the power brokers of the
community.
• Plan for and create early successes - this
breeds future success.
• Pick your fights carefully, if at all.
• Involve the media and keep them updated
on your activities.
• Continually seek to improve the program.
Tweak! Tweak! Tweak!
A Primer on
Presentations
A Primer for Presentations
• Keep the presentation age appropriate
• Plan around the audiences ability to
understand and reason.
• Use age appropriate words and
examples.
KISS!!!!
• Modify the length of the presentation to
fit the audiences attention span.
• Each of us learn in different ways,
impact all of them with your message.
Presentation Methods
R= review
O= overview
P= present
E= exercise
S= summarize
Visual Aids
A picture is worth a thousand words
Bike Safety
CRASH
Helmets
Death
Bike Safety
Head Injury
Scene Size Up
Reading the Audience
•
•
•
•
SMILE, be friendly
Move around, don’t hide behind a podium.
Make and maintain EYE contact
Facilitate Group Participation
ATTITUDE is
Remember
everything
Be Professional
Remember the Boy Scout
Motto:
BE
PREPARED
The End