Transcript Nothing Kills Like Tobacco

SECONDHAND
SMOKE, SMOKE-FREE
LAWS, AND YOUR
COMMUNITY
Nothing Kills Like Tobacco
Yearly Deaths in the U.S.A.
430,000
Cigarettes
105,095
Alcohol
2nd Hand Smoke
Car Accidents
Suicide
AIDS
Homicides
53,000
46,300
30,906
29,939
24,932
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Is Secondhand Smoke a
Mere Annoyance?
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Secondhand smoke causes approximately
3,000 lung cancer deaths per year in
nonsmoking adults.
Secondhand smoke causes approximately
46,000 heart disease deaths per year in
nonsmoking adults.
Secondhand smoke causes approximately
430 SIDS deaths per year in newborns.
Source: U.S. Surgeon General, 2006
Why is Secondhand
Tobacco Smoke so Toxic?
SHS contains at least 250 toxic chemicals
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Methanol
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Acetone
Tar
DDT
Naphthalene
Vinyl Chloride
Benzene
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Formaldehyde
Mercury
Lead
Arsenic
Toluene
Cadmium
Ammonia
Butane
Ethanol
There is no risk-free level of exposure to firsthand or
secondhand tobacco smoke
How Does It Harm Your Body?
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Heart disease
Lung cancer
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Low birth weight
Asthma
Otitis Media (ear infections) in children
Slowing of lung growth in children
Bronchitis and pneumonia
Breast cancer in pre-menopausal women
Increased risk of cervical cancer
Cognitive deficits among children even at extremely
low levels of exposure
Does Even a Little Bit Hurt Your Heart?
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5 minutes of exposure stiffens the aorta (harder
for the heart to pump blood).
20 minutes of exposure causes excess blood
clotting (increasing risk of heart attack and
stroke).
30 minutes of exposure limits the ability of the
blood to manage LDL ("bad") cholesterol leading
to the build up of arterial fat deposits (increasing
risk of heart attack and stroke).
2 hours of exposure can speed up the heart rate
and lead to abnormal heart rhythms (which may
cause death).
In April 2004, the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention
issued a warning that all
patients with heart disease
should avoid exposure to
secondhand smoke.
Why are Some Workers
Affected More Than Others?
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Levels of secondhand
tobacco smoke in
restaurants and bars
is 1.6 to 6 times
higher than in office
workplaces.
Servers have the
greatest risk of
developing lung
cancer and heart
disease compared to
other occupations.
Bar Workers Benefited the Most
from Lexington’s Smoke-free Law
Median hair nicotine level*
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bar
Restaurant
*adjusted for cigarettes smoked per day
Average decrease in hair nicotine, post-law
“No one should have to breathe
tobacco smoke to hold a job.”
Suzanne H
Cocktail Waitress for 14 years
Emphysema attributed to
secondhand smoke at work
What Does the
Tobacco Industry Say
About the Health Effects?
“It is our view that, the scientific evidence is
not sufficient to establish that environmental
tobacco smoke is a cause of lung cancer,
heart disease or other chronic diseases.”
Brown & Williamson Tobacco, 2003
How Many Kentucky Adults are Exposed
to First & Secondhand Smoke?
Most (72%) do NOT
smoke cigarettes.
Smokers
Nonsmokers
Yet nearly all (91%) ARE
exposed to secondhand smoke.
Exposed
Not Exposed
9%
28%
72%
91%
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Sign in Chicago
where there is a
weak, confusing
ordinance
What are the Public Health
Benefits of Smoke-Free Laws?
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Nonsmokers protected
Fewer children start to smoke
Smokers consume fewer cigarettes
More smokers quit
How did Support for Lexington’s
Smoke-free Law Change Post-law?
100
Pre-law
Post-law
80
70.2
60
74.7
64.0
56.7
40
20
0
Public Support
SHS as Health Risk
Public support for the law increased significantly.
What Does the Tobacco
Industry Think about
Smoke-free Laws?
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“Smoking bans are the biggest challenge we
have ever faced. Quit rates go from 5% to
21% when smokers work in non-smoking
environments.” (Bates # 2054893642/3656; Legacy Tobacco
Documents Library; 1994. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/nyg12a00)
Is it Government’s Role to
Enact Smoke-free Laws?
“Among the police powers of the
government, the power to promote and
safeguard public health ranks at the
top…….. The real issue is whether the
public health regulation [Lexington’s
smoke-free law] is reasonable….. In
this case we must conclude that it is.”
Kentucky Supreme Court Decision, April 2004
What Difference Do
Smoke-free Laws Make?
Average Fine Particle Air Pollution in Three Kentucky Communities
250
199
200
150
Pre-Law
Post-Law
86
100
67
50
17
18
20
0
Letcher County
Lexington
Georgetown
How Do We Know that
Smoke-free Laws
Protect Workers?
Median hair nicotine level
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Pre-law
3 months Post-law
Worker hair nicotine dropped 56% post-law
Ventilation Does Not Work
Heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning systems distribute
secondhand smoke throughout
a building.
• Conventional air cleaning
systems remove large particles,
but not the smaller particles or
gases in secondhand smoke.
• Simple separation AND
ventilation do NOT work!
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Enclosed Smoking Rooms
Do Not Work
Average Fine Air Particle Pollution in One Louisville
Venue with a Smoking and Non-Smoking Area, 2006
350
PM2.5 ug/m 3
300
250
200
181
178
Smoking Area
Non-Smoking Area
150
100
50
0
The Truth
about
Indoor
Smoking
Areas
What Does the Tobacco
Industry Say About
Ventilation?
“Business owners should have some
flexibility in deciding how best to address the
preferences of non-smokers and smokers
through separation, separate rooms and/or
high quality ventilation.”
Philip Morris, 2002
How Do Smoke-free Laws
Affect Business?
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Numerous scientific
studies show business
improves or remains
the same.
The only reports
showing a downturn in
business have been
funded by the tobacco,
alcohol, and/or gaming
industries.
How Did Lexington’s Smoke-free
Law Impact Business?
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An average of 400 additional restaurant
employees per month (3% of total
restaurant employment)
Bar employment stable
No change in business openings or
closings
Why Does the Tobacco Industry
Fight Smoke-free Laws?
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“Financial impact of smoking bans will be
tremendous – 3 to 5 fewer cigarettes per day
per smoker will reduce annual manufacturer
profits a billion dollars plus per year.”
A Smoker’s Alliance, Phillip Morris, 8/1/93
What are the Costs of Exposure to
Secondhand Smoke?
 Over
$5 billion in direct medical
costs per year in the U.S.
 Over $5 billion in indirect costs per
year in the U.S.
Are We Making Progress?
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There has been a 70% reduction in
secondhand smoke exposure in U.S.
nonsmokers since 1988, due in large part
to smoke-free laws.
Unfortunately, more than 3.6 million
Kentuckians (91%) are still exposed to
secondhand smoke in public places and
workplaces.
Source: U.S. Surgeon General, 2006