Transcript Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds

Organic vs. Inorganic
Compounds
All chemical compounds are
broken into two categories:
1) Organic compounds
2) Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds
Organic compounds always
contain:
Carbon and Hydrogen
Organic Compounds cont.
Other elements found in organic
compounds include:
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Organic Compounds
Therefore, the most common
elements to appear in organic
compounds are:
CHNOPS!!!
Other elements do appear, but these
are the most common.
Inorganic Compounds
Definition:
Any compound that isn’t
organic!!!
Note: there are inorganic compounds that
contain carbon!!! (CO2) However, they don’t
have C and H, and therefore aren’t organic.
Agua!!!
Why do we need to talk about
water in a class about biology?
Life would not exist
were it not for water.
Water
We already know the equation for
water is H2O…is water an organic,
or inorganic compound?
Inorganic (no carbon)
Water again…
In the case of water, we have 2
hydrogens sharing electrons
with one oxygen…is this a
covalent or ionic bond?
Covalent!!!
Y entonces: Agua
The covalent bond in water is
somewhat special however…
Let’s look at the molecule:
H—O—H
Fortunately for us, that’s not what the
molecule looks like…
Brita
If we examine the bond in an actual
water molecule, we can see that it is
bent, like so:
H
O
H
Naya
This bent molecule gives water
an uneven charge distribution.
Huh?
The oxygen end of the molecule
becomes negative, and the
hydrogen end positive.
Poland Spring (what it means
to be from Maine)
The charge imbalance results in
what is called a POLAR
MOLECULE (a molecule with
partial + and – charge)
What do opposite charges do?
They attract one another!!!
Aquafina
How does this attraction work?
The positive end of one water
molecule (H end) will be
attracted to the negative end of
another water molecule (O end).
So what’s it look like?
Pûr
-
+ -
Hydrogen
Oxygen
+
Dannon (stick to their yogurt)
This attraction that results
between water molecules is
called cohesion.
Cohesion is responsible for
most of waters unique
properties.
Culligan
What are those unique properties
you say? Well…
1) Surface tension
Surface tension is what holds drops
of water together. To break the
surface of water, you must first
overcome the “bond” between water
molecules.
Perrier
Surface tension in
action:
Joe Water
Surface tension
again:
Heavy Water (deuterium)
Avian
2) Water acts as a heat sink
When we heat water, the molecules
will speed up. Much of the heat must
first be used to overcome the
cohesion of water molecules.
Adirondack Springs
2) Heat sink continued:
Exs:
Coastal Areas
Sweat
Hard Water
3) Ice floats!!!
So what? Why is this
important?
If ice were denser than water,
there wouldn’t be any life on
this planet!!!
Tap Water
Just as polarity accounts for water
sticking to other water molecules, it
accounts for water sticking to other
objects.
This attraction of one substance to
another is called ADHESION.
Crystal Springs
What good does adhesion do us?
Well for one thing it explains
why water is such a good
solvent…other substances (polar
ones) are attracted to water.
Mexican Fire Water
Adhesion also accounts for a fun
little process called capillary
action, or capillarity.
What’s capillary action though?
Agua: no mas
Capillary action is when water rises up any
narrow space, due to attraction with the
substance it is interacting with (i.e. glass, or
plant roots.)
Back to Organic Compounds
The main thing that differentiates
organic from inorganic compounds is
the size and complexity of the
compounds formed.
Why are organic compounds so
much more complex than inorganic?
It’s all due to carbon!!!
Carbon Dissected
Let’s see why C allows for such
diversity:
Carbon isn’t
happy!!!
6+
With 4 vacancies,
C can form up to 4
covalent bonds!!!
Carbon again…
This ability to form 4 covalent
bonds allows C to link together
with other C atoms to form long
chains, whose size are unlimited!!!
The rest of this chapter will deal with
some of the organic compounds carbon
forms.
Homework (you missed it
didn’t you?)!!!
Read pgs 57-60
Pg 60: 1-5
Pg 74: 11-12