Transcript Emergency Forage Options - University of Illinois Extension

Fall Oats
an Alternate Forage Option
• Dr. Mike Hutjens
Dairy Extension Specialist
Jim Baltz
Instructional Design Specialist
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Learn Objective
• The growing and feeding of a fall cereal grain
can be a viable forage resource
• With drought concerns in 2012,. fall oats can
be an emergeny forage crop of dairy cattle.
• Guideline on growing and harvesting oat
silage will be presented.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
We still have time,
but make the your
decision now!
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fall Oat Forage Selection
•
Maturity rating is important
– Early-season
– Mid-season
– Late-season
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
When to Plant Fall Oats?
• Mid to Late July
– Use forage-type cultivar
(such as ForagePlus Oats)
• Late Planting: Beyond 1st week of August
– Consider using earlier-maturing, grain-type
cultivars
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Key Factor To Consider
• Be aware of the potential for
herbicide carryover
• Availability of oat seed
• Rain and soil moisture status
• Early freeze vs. an adequate
growing period
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Average Illinois Precipitation in Inches
4.31 4.12
3.83
4.0
3.94
3.69
3.34
3.24
3.22
2.87
3.0
2.73
1.97 1.99
2.0
1.0
0.0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Illinois Weather
Median Date of 28°F Freeze
Based on 1981-2010 Averages
Oct 1 to 10
Oct 11 to 20
Oct 21 to 31
Nov 1 to 10
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Late Planted Oats: 12 August
Yields of DM for
four oat cultivars
planted on about
12 August; data
represent 2-year
means from a
study conducted at
Prairie du Sac, WI
(Coblentz and
Walgenbach,
2010).
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Yields of four oat cultivars planted on July 15
and August 1
Data represent 3-year
means from a study
conducted at Marshfield,
WI (Coblentz et al., 2011).
Dane, Ogle, and Vista are
grain-type cultivars that
have early, mid, and late
maturity ratings,
respectively. ForagePlus
is a forage-type cultivar
that matures more slowly
than Vista.
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Oats vs Wheat
Yield comparisons of (2)
winter wheat and (4) oat
cultivars across three
harvest dates during 20062007 at Prairie du Sac, WI
(Coblentz and
Walgenbach, 2010).
Cultivars were established
on 11 August 2006 and 13
August 2007.
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Standing DM Concentrations
Standing DM concentrations
for fall-grown oat forages
harvested on 5 dates
throughout the fall at
Marshfield, WI (Coblentz et
al., 2011). All forages were
planted on August 1, and
means represent 3-year
averages. The red horizontal
line (▬▬) represents the
minimum concentration of
DM for satisfactory silage
fermentation (30%).
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Cultivars, Planting Dates, and Expected Yields by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Concentrations of NDF from oat forages planted on August 1 and harvested
on five dates throughout the fall at Marshfield, WI (Coblentz et al., 2012).
Fall-Grown Oat Forages: Unique Quality Characteristics by Wayne Coblentz and Mike Bertram, University of Wisconsin Forage Team
Fiber composition of selected cereal-grain forages
(NRC, 2001)
Forage
(Headed)
NDF
ADF
Lignin
------------- % of DM -------------
Lignin
% of NDF
Oat silage
60.6
38.9
5.5
9.1
Barley silage
56.3
34.5
5.6
9.9
Triticale silage
59.7
39.6
5.8
9.7
Wheat silage
59.9
37.6
5.8
9.7
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Nutrient Comparison
(NRC, 2001)
%DM
%CP
%ADF
%TDN
Corn Silage
35
8.8
28.1
68.8
Oatlage
35
12.9
38.9
56.8
Haylage
39
20.0
37.0
56.6
Oat Hay
92
9.1
36.4
55.9
Hay
88
20.2
31.2
58.9
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Messages
• Seed 3 bushels per acre in a “good” seed bed
• Plant a grain type, early season oat in mid August
• Harvest in the boot stage
• 2 to 3 tons of dry matter per acre with high levels of sugar
possible
• Wilting of the silage may be needed (>30% DM)
• Add an inoculant to improve fermentation
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Check out our online dairy courses at
http://online.ansci.illinois.edu/
and Illini DairyNET at
http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/
Dr. Mike Hutjens
Dairy Extension Specialist
Jim Baltz
Instructional Design Specialist
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign