Transcript Soft Field Takeoff and Landing

Soft Field Takeoff and
Landing
Soft Field Takeoff
 Before
landing, will you be able
to take off?
 Complex and high performance
aircraft often have poor
handling characteristics
Soft Field Takeoff
 Damage
or extra wear on the
aircraft
 Debris for winds
 Birds or animals in wheel wells
or cowling
 Vandalism
Soft Field Takeoff
 Walk
the taxi route and takeoff
runway
 Mark soft or wet spots
 Determine your takeoff abort
point 75% of VR by halfway
point on the runway
Soft Field Takeoff
 Move
the aircraft before getting
in for it may have settled into
the ground
Soft Field Takeoff
 Objective
- Exhibit your
knowledge of the elements
related to a soft field takeoff
• Get airborne as soon as possible
• Transfer as much weight as
possible to the wings to
minimize wheel friction
Soft Field Takeoff
 Position
the flight controls and
flaps for the existing conditions
to maximize lift as quickly as
possible
Soft Field Takeoff
• Verify wind direction
• If there is a crosswind use full
aileron deflection at the start of
the takeoff roll
• Full back pressure to remove
stress from the nosewheel and
minimize rolling resistance
Soft Field Takeoff
• Visually check the flap setting
 Clear
the area, taxi onto the
takeoff surface at a safe speed,
align your airplane and without
stopping advance the throttle
Soft Field Takeoff
• Before taxing on the runway
clear the traffic pattern and
runway
• Check mixture and prop set at
high RPM
Soft Field Takeoff
• Keep the plane rolling - Mud
may require more power to taxi Watch your Propeller blast
• Watch for debris being sucked
into the propeller
Soft Field Takeoff
• After aligning with the runway
apply power smoothly - too
quick can cause surging or or
overboost of a turbocharged
engine
• Applying power too slowly
wastes runway
Soft Field Takeoff
• Monitor the engine instruments
listening for and indication of
power loss or roughness
• Abort if there is any indication of
trouble
• Check that the airspeed indicator
is alive
Soft Field Takeoff
 Establish
a pitch attitude that
will transfer the weight of the
airplane from wheels to wing
Soft Field Takeoff
 Back
pressure should be applied
to establish a positive angle of
attack which will reduce weight
on the nose wheel and create lift
to transfer weight from the the
wheels to the wings
Soft Field Takeoff
• As speed increases decrease the
back pressure to avoid excessive
angle of attack
 Remain
in ground effect after
takeoff while accelerating to
VX or VY as required
Soft Field Takeoff
• Ground effect should cause the
aircraft to become airborne
below stall speed
Soft Field Takeoff
• Failure to lower the nose will
cause the aircraft to climb out at
too slow an airspeed and the
increase in drag could cause the
aircraft to settle back to the
runway
Soft Field Takeoff
• Lowering the nose too much can
cause you to fly back down to the
runway
• With the proper level off you will
accelerate to VX if there are
obstacle present or VY ir there are
no obstacles
Soft Field Takeoff
 Maintain VY =5/-5
kts
 Retract the landing gear and
flaps after a positive rate of
climb or as specified by the
manufacturer
Soft Field Takeoff
• Before retracting the landing
gear apply the brakes to stop the
rotation of the tires
• Follow the POH on retraction of
the gear
• Normally the gear will be
retracted before the flaps
Soft Field Takeoff
• Flaps are normally retracted after
you have established VY and a
positive rate of climb
• Raise the flaps in increments if
appropriate to avoid sudden loss
of lift and settling of the airplane
• Pitch for VY
Soft Field Takeoff
 Maintain
a takeoff power to a
safe maneuvering altitude then
set climb power
• At 500 reduce power to 25 MP
and 2500 RPM
• At 300 below TPA reduce power
to 23 MP
Soft Field Takeoff
 Maintain
directional control and
proper wind drift correction
throughout the takeoff and
climb
 Complete the appropriate
checklist
Common Errors
 Improper
initial positioning of
the flight controls or wing flaps
 Allowing the airplane to stop on
the takeoff surface prior to
initiating takeoff
 Improper power application
Common Errors
 Inappropriate
removal of hand
from throttle
 Poor directional control
Common Errors
 Improper
use of brakes
 Improper pitch attitude during
liftoff
• Dragging tail of aircraft on
ground
Common Errors
• Settling back to the runway
because of too high or too low a
pitch attitude
 Failure
to establish and
maintain proper climb
configuration and airspeed
 Drift during climbout
Soft Field Landing
 Objective
- exhibit your
knowledge of the elements
related to a soft field landing
• Similar to a normal approach but
hold the aircraft off the runway
and land with partial power
Soft Field Landing
• Gradually transfer the weight of
the aircraft from the wings to the
wheels
• Follow the POH
Soft Field Landing
 Consider
the wind conditions,
landing surface and obstructions
• Effects of the wind on landing
distance may be significant
Soft Field Landing
• If the surface is soft and there is
a crosswind consider the impact
of one main wheel touching
down before the other
• Be aware of hazards and
obstructions
Soft Field Landing
• The descent angle may have to
be steep is obstacles are present
 Select
the most suitable
touchdown point
• Identify it to the examiner
• After selecting the touchdown
point select your aim point
Soft Field Landing
• Establish the recommended
approach and landing
configuration and adjust pitch
and power as required
• Use of flaps will aid touching
down at minimum speed
Soft Field Landing
• Flaps in low wing aircraft may
suffer damage from mud, stones,
or slush thrown up by the wheels
 Maintain
a stabilized approach
and the recommended airspeed
with a gust factor applied +5/-5
kts
Soft Field Landing
• Use partial power during the
roundout and touchdown
• Do not allow the aircraft to fall
through
Soft Field Landing
 Maintain
crosswind correction
and directional control
throughout the approach and
landing
 Touch down softly, with no
drift, and with the longitudinal
axis aligned with the runway
Soft Field Landing
• Maintain some power to assist in
making a soft touchdown
• Hold it off to slow airspeed and
establish a nose high pitch
attitude
Soft Field Landing
• After touchdown maintain back
pressure to keep the nose wheel
off the ground
• Maintain full back pressure
 Maintain
after landing proper
position of the flight controls
and taxi speed
Soft Field Landing
• Maintain full back pressure
• Brakes are usually not needed
• Maintain speed so you do not
bog down
• Use power as needed
• Do not taxi too fast
Soft Field Landing
• Keep moving until you reach the
parking area
 Complete
checklist
the appropriate
Common Errors
 Improper
use of landing
performance data and
limitations
 Failure to establish approach
and landing configuration at
appropriate time or in proper
sequence
Common Errors
 Failure
to establish and
maintain a stabilized approach
 Failure to consider the effect of
wind and landing surface
Common Errors
 Improper
technique in use of
power, wing flaps and trim
 Inappropriate removal of hand
from throttle
 Improper technique during
roundout and touchdown
Common Errors
 Failure
to hold back elevator
pressure after touchdown
 Closing the throttle too soon
after touchdown
Common Errors
 Poor
directional control after
touchdown
 Improper use of brakes