Transcript Hyper-V 3.0 - Virtualization Group

Hyper-V Scripts and Snips
From The Field
Rob McShinsky
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
VirtuallyAware.com
Who Am I?
• Sr. System Engineer – Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center
• Microsoft MVP (Virtual Machine)
• Advisory Board Member and Contributor for TechTarget
• Blogger – VirtuallyAware.com
• Twitter - @VirtuallyAware
PowerShell’s Role In Hyper-V?
• If you are serious about running Hyper-V, you NEED to know
how to utilize the various PowerShell CMDlets (Hyper-V,
SCVMM)
• Get Information about your VMs or overall environment for
reporting or troubleshooting
• Set values on one or hundreds of VMs
• Perform coordinated tasks based on certain information
gathered
What Are We Going To Talk
About?
•
PowerShell CMDLets for Hyper-V in Windows 2008 R2, System
Center Virtual Machine Manger, and Hyper-V 3.0 in Windows
Server 8
•
Powershell for Administration. Sometimes Quick and Dirty, but
gets the job done.
•
How PowerShell can fill most any management gap that might be
found in the Hyper-V Manager or SCVMM console.
•
These scripts are meant to be used as is or as starting points and
examples to customize within your Hyper-V Environment.
•
Feel free to ask questions or disagree.
How To Get The PowerShell
Modules
Hyper-V (RTM, R2, R2 SP1) Not included by default.
• http://pshyperv.codeplex.com/releases
• http://www.VirtuallyAware.com (Scripts download, right hand side of
page)
• Launch by:
–
Opening a PowerShell window and typing “Import-Module HyperV”
System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM)
• Built-in when SCVMM console is installed
• Launch by:
–
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Clicking on Powershell Icon on top of console or by typing
Opening a PowerShell “Add-PSSnapin
Microsoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager”
Hyper-V 3.0
• Built-in
• Launch by:
–
opening a Powershell window and typing “Import-Module Hyper-V”
Get VM name from VM ID
• Troubleshooting: Many times, eventlog entries will identify
the VM that had the issue by its VM ID.
• Translating the VM ID to the name of the VM allows you to
narrow your troubleshooting
• (Hyper-V)
get-vm | ? {$_.name -eq "EABF5B51-446F-463D-9E1606841A7B1648"} | fl elementname
• (SCVMM)
get-vm | ? {$_.VMid -eq "EABF5B51-446F-463D-9E1606841A7B1648"} | ft name
• (Hyper-V 3.0) – Same as SCVMM
get-vm | ? {$_.VMid -eq "0bd618d9-8e39-4336-9d9b0bdd4664d8b8”}| ft name
Use Case: SCVMM Console Showing Incorrect VM
Performance Stats
Finding misconfigured VMs with
Emulated network cards
• Another common setup mistake by admins.
• Using default create “New Virtual Machine” option uses
Emulated (non-optimized/parent partition routed) virtual
network adapter.
• Optimizing your network traffic of your VMs and reducing
Host/parent partition cpu utilization would require changing
these to Synthetic network adapters.
•
Examples to list VMs with Emulated virtual network adapters.
• (Hyper-V)
Get-VMNIC -server <HOSTNAME> -legacy | ft VMElementName, ResourceSubType
Or
Get-VMNIC -server <HOSTNAME>| ? {$_.ResourceSubType -like "*emulated*"} | ft
VMElementName, ResourceSubType
• (SCVMM)
Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter -all | where {$_.virtualnetworkadaptertype -eq "emulated"
} |ft name,VirtualNetworkAdapterType,ethernetaddress
• (Hyper-V 3.0)
Get-VMNetworkAdapter -all | ? {$_.name -like "legacy*"} | ft VMname,Name
Note: Virtual Server 2005 VMs will all come back as Emulated. To differentiate look at
some other attribute in the Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter . Many times default MAC
Address will be different between VS 2005, Vmware and Hyper-V.
•
Example with ‘ethernetaddress’ attribute listed to filter out VS 2005 VMs (SCVMM)
Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter -all | where {$_.virtualnetworkadaptertype -eq "emulated"
-and $_.ethernetaddress -like "00:15*"} |ft
name,VirtualNetworkAdapterType,ethernetaddress
Finding VM from MAC address
• At times if you using dynamic assignment of MAC addresses
there can be times when a duplicate MAC Address if found.
• As a result of a P2V where the MAC Address of the physical
hardware is carried forward to the VM and then at some later
date the physical hardware gets repurposed.
• Commonly a popup and eventlog entry will be seen that
states that there was a MAC Address conflict, giving you the
MAC Address in the event.
• Example to find VM name from MAC Address
• (Hyper-V)
Get-VMNIC -server <SERVERNAME> | ? {$_.address -eq
"00155DF3CFD5"} | ft vmelementname, address
• (SCVMM)
Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter -all | ? {$_.ethernetaddress -eq
"00:03:ff:07:e7:dc"} | ft name,ethernetaddress
• (Hyper-V 3.0)
Get-VMNetworkAdapter -all |? {$_.macaddress -eq
"00155DF24800"} | ft vmname,macaddress
Finding VMs with Snapshots
• Snapshots can pose a hidden disk space utilization problem if
left unmanaged.
• Full volumes can affect all VMs sharing a particular volume
(Pause – Critical)
• Demo
• (Hyper-V)
Get-VMSnapshot -server <SERVERNAME> | ft
elementname,systemname
Note: SystemName returns VMID. Use previous script to get vm
name from VMID.
• (SCVMM)
get-vm | where {$_.LastRestoredVMCheckpoint -like "*"} | ft
name, LastRestoredVMCheckpoint, hostname
• (Hyper-V 3.0)
get-vm | Get-VMSnapshot | ft vmname,name,creationtime
Finding VMs with Unmerged
VHD files
• Hyper-V Checkpoints/Snapshot “files” do not disappear when
deleted from the management console.
• A common admin mistake is to remove the
checkpoint/snapshot, but forget to shutdown the VM to allow
the merging of the AVHD changed to merge into the parent
VHD.
• Result is that the .AVHD file can keep dynamically building
using up valuable disk space.
• (Hyper-V)
get-vmdisk -server <SERVERNAME> | ? {$_.diskpath -like
"*.avhd"} | ft vmelementname, diskpath
• (SCVMM)
get-vm | get-virtualharddisk | ? {$_.location -like "*.avhd"} | ft
name, location, hostname -a
• (Hyper-V 3.0)
Not a problem in Hyper-V 3.0 since Checkpoints/Snapshots Live
Merge without downtime!!!!
To see that the .AVHD(X) location Before deleting the
Checkpoint/Snapshot.
get-vm | Get-VMHardDiskDrive | ft vmname, path -a
Finding VMs with ISOs mounted
(and dismounting)
• Cleaning up ISO files that are mounted to VMs is just a good
practice as it can cause problems with Migrating VMs if
Delegation is not setup correctly.
• You may also have a file lock on a remote ISO file that you
want to move or delete that is attached to a VM. But which
one?
• (Hyper-V)
• Get VMs with ISO mounted
Get-VMDisk -server <SERVERNAME>| ? {$_.diskpath -like "*.iso"}
| ft vmelementname,diskpath –a
• (SCVMM)
• Get VMs with ISO mounted
get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "*"} | ft name, iso -a
• Remove all ISO files from VMs
get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "*"} | setvirtualdvddrive -nomedia
• Remove VMGuest ISO Only (All maybe to broad)
get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "vmg*"} | setvirtualdvddrive -nomedia
• (Hyper-V 3.0)
• Get VMs with ISO mounted
get-vm| get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path –like”*.iso”} | ft vmname,
path
• Remove all ISO files from VMs
get-vm |get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path -like "*} | Set-VMDvdDrive
-path $null
• Remove VMGuest ISO Only (All maybe to broad)
get-vm |get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path -like “*vmguest.iso”} | SetVMDvdDrive -path $null
Integration Services Installs
• Coordination of installation of Integration Components for all
VMs on a Particular Host in mass (SCVMM)
• Upgraded a Host that now needs all VM Integration
Components install.
• Administrator error. Not installing or updating Integration
Components
• Older Template from another version of Hyper-V.
•
(SCVMM)
$SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name to Update all VMs"
$VMM = Get-VMMServer “VMM_SERVERNAME" #Set this to the name of your SCVMM server
$VMs = Get-Vm | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} #Get all the VMs on the SCVMM Server
foreach ($VM in $VMs) {
if ($VM.Status -eq ‘Running’) { #Only Work with those Vms that are Off
Write-Host ‘Starting with ‘$VM.Name
Shutdown-VM $VM #Machine needs to be off for this to work
Set-VM –VM $VM –InstallVirtualizationGuestServices $TRUE
Start-VM $VM
}
}
Integration Services Installs
• Coordination of installation of Integration Components for a
list of VMs (SCVMM)
• Targeted VMs on Various Hosts.
•
(SCVMM)
Foreach ($VM in get-content servers.txt) {
if ($VM.Status -eq ‘Running’) { #Only Work with those Vms that are
Off
Write-Host ‘Starting with ‘$VM.Name
Shutdown-VM $VM #Machine needs to be off for this to work
Set-VM –VM $VM –InstallVirtualizationGuestServices $TRUE
Start-VM $VM
}
}
Live Migrate VMs
• Live Migration is works very well but with Hyper-V in Windows
Server 2008 R2 SP1, you are limited to one live migration off
the host.
• Can change that, but with PowerShell we an automate the
synchronous Live Migration from one host to another.
• SCVMM comes with a Maintenance Mode option, but what if
you wanted to preserve the mix of VMs that are currently on a
node of your Hyper-V cluster
• Utilizes the FailoverCluster CMDLet
Import-Module FailoverClusters
$CL = Read-Host "Enter Cluster Alias Name"
$SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name"
$DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name"
get-cluster "$CL" | Get-Clusternode "$SH" | Get-ClusterGroup |
Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -node "$DH"
• (SCVMM)
Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager
$VMM = Read-Host "Enter Name of VMM Server"
$SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name"
$DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name"
Get-VMMServer -computername $VMM
Get-VM | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} | Move-VM -VMHost
"$DH*"
Live Migrate Particular VMs
• There are times when you might want to only Live Migrate
particular VMs on a host.
• Need to find common attributes between all the VMs you want
to Live Migrate from one host to another
• CSV Redirection and VM placement demo.
• (SCVMM)
Add-PSSnapin Microsoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager
$VMM = Read-Host "Enter Name of VMM Server"
$SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name"
$DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name"
$Vol = Read-Host "Enter Volume/CSV Volume to Move VMs to
Destination Host"
Get-VMMServer -computername $VMM
Get-VM | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} | ? {$_.Location -like
"*$Vol*"} | Move-VM -VMHost "$DH*"
What Else Can You Do?
•
A Lot more
•
Look for CMDLets associated with VMs, Hosts, Clusters and Experiment!
(Remember to Import the Module or Add Snapin first.
•
(Hyper-V and SCVMM)
Help Get
Help Add
Help New
Help Set-VM -full
Help Move-VM -full
Articles
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SCVMM PowerShell scripts simplify administrative tasks
•
Top Hyper-V PowerShell cmdlets for basic tasks
•
SCVMM Console Showing Incorrect VM Performance Stats
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Using SCVMM PowerShell Cmdlets To Customize Hyper-V Live Migrations
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Overcoming Hyper-V Live Migration Limitations with PowerShell CMDLets
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Add Possible Owner to a Cluster Shared Volume
•
Script Snip: “I am trying to find out how I can get the number of
processors for a non-active VM”
•
SCVMM Script Snip
Questions
Contact and Blogs
• My Bog– VirtuallyAware.com
• Twitter - @VirtuallyAware
• Email – [email protected]
• Other Hyper-V 3.0 Resources:
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Virtualization Team - http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/
Ben Armstrong - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/
Aiden Finn - http://www.aidanfinn.com/
Hyper-V.nu – http://www.hyper-v.nu
Thomas Maurer - http://www.thomasmaurer.ch/
Kristian Nese- http://kristiannese.blogspot.com/