Transcript BMPs and the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model

Best Management Practices
and the Chesapeake Bay Program
Watershed Model
Jeff Sweeney
University of Maryland
Chesapeake Bay Program Office
[email protected]
410-267-9844
Potomac Watershed Forum IV
George Mason University - Prince William Campus
August 12, 2005
Chesapeake Bay Program
Current Modeling Structure
Calculated deposition of nutrients and
Regional Acid Deposition Model
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Lumped-parameter, physically-based
Land and water simulation,
Nutrient and sediment simulation
Chesapeake Bay Estuary Model
Hydrodynamic Model, Sediment
Benthic Model, and Submerged
Aquatic Vegetation
Purposes of the Chesapeake Bay Program
Watershed Model
• Measure the environmental effects of particular management schemes
for planning purposes.
o What’s the impact of BMP implementation on nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sediment loads?
• Results help direct tributary strategy development
o What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang for the buck?
• Load allocations
o Equitably account for all load sources.
• Measure of loading cap maintenance
• Provide loads to the Estuary Model
o
o
o
What’s the impact of BMP implementation on living resources/water
quality?
What yields the biggest bang and the biggest bang for the buck?
Remove impairments by 2010
• Attainment of water quality standards in the Chesapeake Bay will be
determined by tidal water monitoring data, not the models.
VA Lower Potomac
Load and BMP Data
Loudoun
Fairfax
#
#
#
#
Arlington
#
Fauquier
Northumberland
#
Prince William
#
#
Stafford
King George
Westmoreland
#
VA Lower Potomac
Nitrogen Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
Point Source
Forest
Non-Tidal Water Deposition
Urban
Septic
Agriculture
Mixed Open
2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
18
3%
2%
16
38%
14
34%
(million lbs/year)
12
10
23%
8
6
4
2
0
1985
2003
2010 VA Strategy
VA Lower Potomac
Phosphorus Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
Point Source
Agriculture
Mixed Open
Urban
Forest
Non-Tidal Water Deposition
1.0
2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
5%
0.9
0.8
48%
(million lbs/year)
0.7
47%
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1985
2003
2010 VA Strategy
VA Lower Potomac
Sediment Loads to the Chesapeake Bay
Urban
Agriculture
Forest
Mixed Open
2003 – 2010 Strategy Load Reductions
0.30
1%
21%
(million tons/year)
0.25
0.20
78%
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
1985
2003
2010 VA Strategy
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Tributary Strategy Agricultural BMPs
Approved Agricultural BMPs
Agricultural BMPs Requiring Peer Review
Riparian Forest Buffers
Continuous No-Till
Riparian Grass Buffers
Dairy Precision Feeding /and Forage Management
Wetland Restoration
Swine Phytase
Land Retirement
Ammonia Emission Reductions
Tree Planting
Precision Agriculture
Conservation-Tillage
Precision Grazing
Carbon Sequestration/Alternative Crops
Water Control Structures
Poultry Phytase
Stream Restoration
Poultry Litter Transport
Nutrient Management
Enhanced Nutrient Management
Conservation Plans/SCWQP
Cover Crops (Early- and Late-Planting)
Small Grain Enhancement (Early- and Late-Planting)
Off-Stream Watering w/ Fencing
Off-Stream Watering w/o Fencing
Off-Stream Watering w/ Fencing & Rotational Grazing
Animal Waste Management Systems: Livestock
Barnyard Runoff Control/Loafing Lot Management
Animal Waste Management Systems: Poultry
* BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Tributary Strategy Urban and Mixed Open BMPs
Approved Urban and Mixed Open BMPs
BMPs Requiring Peer Review
Riparian Forest Buffers
Riparian Grass Buffers
Wetland Restoration
Forest Conservation
Tree Planting
Horse Pasture Management
Urban Growth Reduction
Abandoned Mine Reclamation
Wet Ponds & Wetlands
Mixed Open Stream Restoration
Dry Detention Ponds & Hydrodynamic Structures
Dirt & Gravel Road Erosion & Sediment Control
Dry Extended Detention Ponds
Urban Street Sweeping
Urban Infiltration Practices
Urban Filtering Practices
Urban Stream Restoration
Erosion & Sediment Control
Urban and Mixed Open Nutrient Management
* BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Tributary Strategy Forest, Septic and Shoreline BMPs
Approved Forest BMPs
BMPs Requiring Peer Review
Forest Harvesting Practices
Stream Restoration
Dirt & Gravel Road Erosion & Sediment Control
Approved Septic BMPs
Septic Connections
Septic Pumping
Septic Denitrification
Approved Shoreline Erosion BMPs
Structural Shoreline Erosion Control
Non-Structural Shoreline Erosion Control
* BMPs in red are in VA Lower Potomac Tributary Strategy
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Opportunities for BMPs
Input
Data
Opportunities
for BMPs
River Simulation
Land
Simulation
Output
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Opportunities for BMPs
• BMPs involving landuse conversions
• BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
o
o
o
Diet and feed changes
Manure transport
Nutrient management applications
BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
Agricultural
BMPs Involving Landuse Conversions
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
60
Load reductions attributed to
movement to lower-exporting landuses.
50
(thousand acres)
40
30
20
10
0
Conservation-Tillage
Tree Planting
Land Retirement
Urban, Mixed Open and Septic
BMPs Involving Landuse and Source Conversions
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
20
• Load reductions attributed to
movement to lower-exporting landuses.
• In the case of septic connections,
it’s assumed in the hook-up of
septic to sewer, load is now part of
tracked point source discharge.
18
(thousand acres/systems)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Urban & Mixed Open Tree Planting
Septic Connections (systems)
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Opportunities for BMPs
• BMPs involving landuse conversions
• BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
o
o
o
Diet and feed changes
Manure transport
Nutrient management applications
BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model:
Reduction = acres treated by BMP * BMP efficiency
total segment acres
• By Landuse and Model Segment
BMPs With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
How Efficiency BMPs Are Credited In The Model:
BMPs That Cannot Be Applied To Same Landuse:
• Mutually Exclusive – Additive In Nutrient Reduction Capabilities
• Examples:
• Riparian forest and grass buffers
• Pasture grazing BMPs
• Urban stormwater BMPs
Several BMPs On Same Landuse – Consecutive:
• One BMP Reduces The Nutrients Available For Subsequent BMPs –
Multiplicative In Nutrient Reduction
• Examples:
• Conservation Plans
• Cover Crops
Agricultural BMPs
With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
250
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED
are collaboration of Bay Program
Subcommittee and Workgroup participants
(i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature
and/or best professional judgment.
(thousand acres/feet)
200
150
100
50
0
Conservation Plans /
SCWQP
Pasture Grazing BMPs
Cover Crops
Pasture Stream
Restoration (feet)
Animal Waste
Management Systems
Urban and Mixed Open BMPs
With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
100
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED
are collaboration of Bay Program
Subcommittee and Workgroup participants
(i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature
and/or best professional judgment.
90
80
(thousand acres/feet)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Urban Nutrient
Management
Erosion &
Sediment
Control
Shoreline
Erosion Control
(feet)
Wet Ponds &
Wetlands
Urban
Infiltration
Practices
Urban Filtering
Practices
Mixed Open
Nutrient
Management
Urban, Septic and Forestry BMPs
With Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Efficiencies
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
60
BMP efficiencies for removing TN, TP, and SED
are collaboration of Bay Program
Subcommittee and Workgroup participants
(i.e., peer review) after appraisal of literature
and/or best professional judgment.
(thousand acres/feet/systems)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Urban Stream
Restoration (feet)
Septic Pumping
(systems)
Forest Harvesting
Practices
Dry Detention Ponds &
Hydrodynamic
Structures
Dry Extended
Detention Ponds
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Opportunities for BMPs
• BMPs involving landuse conversions
• BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
o
o
o
Diet and feed changes
Manure transport
Nutrient management applications
Agricultural BMPs With Both
Landuse Conversions and Reduction Efficiencies
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
35
• Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies
vary by hydro-geomorphic region.
• Wetland restoration is treated the
same as riparian forest buffers.
• Forest and grass buffers are “additive” between each
other but “multiplicative” with other BMPs.
30
(thousand acres)
25
20
15
10
5
0
Forest Buffers
Grass Buffers
Wetland Restoration
Urban and Mixed Open BMPs With Both
Landuse Conversions and Reduction Efficiencies
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
20
• Riparian buffer and wetland efficiencies
for mixed open vary by hydrogeomorphic region.
• Wetland restoration is treated the
same as riparian forest buffers.
18
16
(thousand acres)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Urban & Mixed Open Forest Buffers
Mixed Open Wetland Restoration
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Opportunities for BMPs
• BMPs involving landuse conversions
• BMPs with nutrient and sediment reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs with both landuse conversions and reduction
efficiencies
• BMPs that alter nutrient applications to cropland
o
o
o
Diet and feed changes
Manure transport
Nutrient management applications
BMPs that Alter
Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Uncollected
Pasture
Volatilization
Beef
Volatilization
Dairy
Swine
Layers
Collected
Broilers
Turkeys
Enclosure
Daily Application
Horses
Storage
Spring/Fall
Application Crop
Volatilization
Barnyard
Runoff
Daily Application
Runoff
BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
• Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and P-based nutrient management.
• Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from state agricultural agencies.
Fertilizer
35% Crop
Need
Fertilizer
35% Crop
Need
Manure
Manure
Crop
Need
Crop
Need
AtDep
AtDep
Mineral
Mineral
BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
• Phase 4 Watershed Model accounts for both N- and P-based nutrient management.
• Phase 4 fertilizer application data is from state agricultural agencies.
Fertilizer
Move
Manure
35% Crop
Need
AtDep
Crop
Need
Mineral
Manure
35% Crop
Need
AtDep
Crop
Need
Mineral
Manure
35% Crop
Need
AtDep
Crop
Need
Mineral
BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
Atmosphere
Fertilizer
Manure
Runoff
BMPs that Alter Nutrient Applications to Cropland
Nutrient Management Applications
2003 Implementation
2010 VA Strategy Implementation
140
120
(thousand acres)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Nutrient Management Applications
Enhanced Nutrient Management Applications
Chesapeake Bay Program
Phase 5 Watershed Model
Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Modeled Landuses
Phase 4.3 Watershed
Model Landuses
Agriculture:
Conventional-Till
Conservation-Tillage
Hay
Pasture
Manure Acres
Urban:
Pervious Urban
Impervious Urban
Forest
Mixed Open
Non-Tidal Water
Phase 5 Watershed Model Landuses
Agriculture:
All BMPs applied
to Phase 4.3
model landuses
must be accurately
distributed to
Phase 5 landuses
Composite Crop with Manure Nutrients:
• Conventional-Till
• Conservation-Till
Composite Crop without Manure Nutrients
Hay with and without Manure Nutrients
Alfalfa with Manure Nutrients
Nursery with Manure Nutrients
Pasture with Manure Nutrients
Degraded Stream Corridor
Animal Feeding Operations
Urban:
High- and Low-Density Pervious Urban
High- and Low-Density Impervious Urban
Extractive
Construction
Forest:
Forest and Harvested Forest
Natural Grass
Inland Water
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
BMP Spatial Scale
Phase 4 County-Segments
BMP implementation levels are known or
have been submitted by jurisdictions in the
following spatial scales:
• state
• state-segment
• tributary strategy basin
• TMDL basin
• county
• county-basin
• county-segment
• point (latitude-longitude)
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
BMP Spatial Scale
Phase 5 Land Segments
Phase 5 River Segments
HERKIMER
ONEIDA
ONONDAGA
CAYUGA
ONTARIO
MADISON
LIVINGSTON
YATES
OTSEGO
CORT LAND
SCHOHARIE
CHENANGO
TOMPKINS
SCHUYLER
STEUBEN
ALLEGANY
CHEMUNG
MCKEAN
DELAWARE
TIOGA
BROOME
BRADF ORD
SUSQUEHANNA
TIOGA
POTTER
BRADF ORD
WAYNE
WYOMING
ELK
CAMERON
LYCOMING
WYOMING
SULLIVAN
LACKAWANNA
LUZERNE
CLINTON
LYCOMING
JEFFERSON
CLINTON
MONTOUR
COLUMBIA
CENTRE
CLEARFIELD
LUZERNE
UNION
UNION
CENTRE
CARBON
NORT HUMBERLAND
SNYDER
SCHUYLKILL
INDIANA
MIF FLIN
CAMBRIA
JUNIATA
BLAIR
DAUPHIN
HUNTINGDON
PERRY
BEDFORD
BEDFORD
SOMERSET
BERKS
LEBANON
DAUPHIN
CUMBERLAND
CUMBERLAND
FRANKLIN
FULTON
BEDFORD
FRANKLIN
LANCASTER
CHEST ER
YORK
ADAMS ADAMS
CHEST ER
ALLEGANY ALLEGANY
GARRETT
PRESTON
MORGAN
WASHINGTON
CARROLL
BERKELEY
FREDERICK
FREDERICK
MINERAL
MINERAL
HAMPSHIRE
JEFFERSON
HARDY
GRANT
HARFORD
BALTIMORE
FREDERICK
WINCHEST ER
CLARKE LOUDOUN
GRANT
TUCKER
CECIL NEW CASTLE
BALTIMORE
HOWARD
KENT
MONTGOMERY
KENT
HARDY
QUEENANNES
WARREN
FAUQUIER
SHENANDOAH WARREN
ANNE ARUNDEL
SHENANDOAH
DIST
OH
F COLUMBIA
FAIRFAX
FALLS
URC
AR
LINGTON
FAIRFAX
CCH
ITY
PRINCE
ALEXAND
RIA GEORGES
RAPPAHANNOCK FAUQUIERMAN
ASSAS
PARK
MAN
ASSAS
RAPPAHANNOCK
PRINCE WILLIAM
PAGE
PENDLETON
ROCKINGHAM
PENDLETON
CAROLINE
TALBOT
SUSSEX
PAGE
ROCKINGHAM
HARRISON
BURG
HIGHLAND
AUGUSTA
STAUNTO
AUGUSTA
N
BATH
CALVERT
FREDERICKSBURG
KING GEORGE
ORANGE
SPOTSYLVANIA
DORCHESTER
LOUISA
FLUVANNA
BUCHANAN
MCDOWELL
GILES
AMHERST
BOTETOURT
BEDFORD
BUCKINGHAM
POWHATAN
CUMBERLAND
FORSYTH
GUILFORD
GOOCHLAND
WICOMICO
ST MARYS
WORCESTER
WESTMORELAND
SOMERSET
CAROLINE
HANOVER
ESSEX
RICHMOND
NORT HUMBERLAND
KING WILLIAM
LANCASTER
ACCOMACK
KING AND QUEEN
KING AND QUEEN
M
MIDDLESEX
IDDLESEX
HENRICO
R
ICH
MON
D
NEW KENT
LYNCHBURG
GLOUCESTER
GILES
CHEST ERF IELD
BEDFORD
APPOMATTOX
ROANOKE
OANOKE
M
ATHEWS
R
AMELIA
SALEM
CHARLES CITY
TAZEWELL
GILES
DICKENSON
ROANOKE
BEDFORD
JAMES CITY
BLAND
HOPEWELL
MONTGOMERY
WISE
CAMPBELL
TAZEWELL
PRINCE EDWARD
COLON
IALSBUR
HEIGHTS
WILLIAMSBURG
NORT HAMPTON
PETER
G
RADFORD
ROANOKE
YORK
RUSSELL
PETER
PR
SBUR
INCEGGEORGE
PRINCE GEORGE
NORT ON
PULASKI
FRANKLIN
NOTTOWAY
POQUOSON
SCOTT
RUSSELL
SURRY NEWPORT NEWS
DINWIDDIE
SCOTT
FRANKLIN
WYT HE
CHARLOTT E
SMYTH
HAMPTON
FLOYD
LUNENBURG
ISLE OF WIGHT
WYT HE
SUSSEX
SCOTT
WASHINGTON
PITTSYLVANIA
ISLE OF WIGHT NORF OLK
CARROLL
SMYTH
GRAYSON
HALIF AX
PORTSMOUTH
PATRICK
BRISTOL
WASHINGTON
GRAYSON
GALAX
INSVILLE
BRUNSWICK
VIRGINIA BEACH
PATRICK MART
HENRY
SOUTH BOST ON
MECKLENBURG
CARROLL
SULLIVAN
EMPORIA SOUTHAMPTO
FRAN
N KLIN SUF FOLK CHESAPEAKE
JOHNSON
DANVILLE
ASHE
GREENSVILLE
ALLEGHANY
ASHE
ALLEGHANY
SURRY
STOKES
ROCKINGHAM
CASWELL
PERSON
WAT AUGA
VANCE
WARREN
NORT HAMPTON
GRANVILLE
CRAIG
LEE
GREENE
ROCKINGHAM
GREENE
GREENE
ALBEMARLE
WAYNESBORO
ESBORO
WAYN
CHARLOTT ESVILLE
AUGUSTA ALBEMARLE
CLIFTON FORGE
ROCKBRIDGE NELSON
ALLEGH
COVINGTO
ANYN
LEXINGTON
AMH
ER
BU
REN
OCA
KBRID
VIST
GE
AST
NELSON
BOTETOURT
MONROE
LEE
CHARLES
STAF FORD
MADISON
HIGHLAND
BATH
CULPEPER
MADISON
ALAMANCE
ORANGE
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Extension for Phase 5
NY
PA
MD
DC
WV
VA
DE
Phase 5 Watershed Model
Extention
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Calibration
Phase 4.3 Calibration
Calibration sites = 26
Watersheds = 94
Land uses = 9
Simulation Years = 17
Phase 5 Calibration
CB Watershed
Calibration sites = 237
Watersheds = 684
Land uses = 24
Simulation Years = 20
Extended Network
Calibration sites = 296
Watersheds = 899
Chesapeake Bay Program Models
• Attainment of water quality standards in the Chesapeake Bay will be
determined by tidal water monitoring data, not the models.
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Information Resources
•
•
•
•
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/tribtools.htm
o
Watershed Model Inputs and Outputs
o
Best Management Practices
o
Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Reports
o
Presentations
o
Cap Setting and Allocation
o
Chesapeake Bay Models
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/1127.pdf
o
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Land Use and Model Linkages to the Airshed and Estuarine Models
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/777.pdf
o
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model Applications & Calculation Of Nutrient & Sediment Loadings Appendix H: Tracking Best Management Practice Nutrient Reductions in the Chesapeake Bay Program
http://www.chesapeakebay.net/committee.htm
o
Nutrient Subcommittee
o
Agricultural Nutrient Reduction Workgroup
o
Forestry Workgroup
o
Point Source Workgroup
o
Sediment Workgroup
o
Tributary Strategy Workgroup
o
Urban Stormwater Workgroup

Chesapeake Bay Program Data Submission Information for Urban Storm Water BMP Data




BMP
BMP
BMP
BMP
Stream Restoration in Urban Areas Crediting Jurisdictions for Pollutant Load Reductions
Guidance for the States and the District
Pollutant Removal Efficiencies
Definitions