Transcript SCALP and MENINGES

SCALP and MENINGES
Layers of the Scalp
Skin
 Connective Tissue
 Aponeurosis:
Frontalis.
Occipitalis.
 Loose Areolar Tissue
 Pericranium

Cutaneous Nerve Supply
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CN V: (Trigeminal Nerve)
Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular.
Cervical spinal nerves:
Ventral rami of C2, C3:
Great auricular nerve (C2,3).
Lesser occipital nerve (C2).
Dorsal ramus of C2:
Greater occipital nerve.
Vascular Supply
Branches of external carotid:
Occipital.
Posterior auricular.
Superficial temporal.
 Branches of internal carotid:
Supratrochlear.
Supraorbital.
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Meninges: Vascular Supply
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Anterior meningeal arteries:
From ethmoidal arteries and
internal carotid.
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Middle meningeal artery:
From maxillary artery.
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Emissary veins:
Between dural venous sinuses and
external veins.
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Diploic veins.
Cerebral veins.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Tough outer connective tissue layer that forms
sac around brain.
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No epidural space in skull.
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Encloses dural venous sinuses.
Meninges: Dura Mater
 Reflections:
Falx cerebri:
Midline fold of dura mater
extending between two cerebral
hemispheres.
Tentorium cerebelli:
Dural fold located between
cerebellum and occipital lobes of
cerebral hemispheres.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Reflections:
Falx cerebelli:
Dural fold between two cerebellar
hemispheres.
Diaphragma sellae
Dural fold over hypophyseal
fossa.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Dural venous sinuses:
Superior sagittal sinus:
Lies along superior margin of falx
cerebri.
Inferior sagittal sinus:
Lies along inferior margin of falx
cerebri.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Dural venous sinuses:
Straight sinus:
Lies at intersection of falx cerebri and
tentorium cerebelli.
Confluence of sinuses:
Common confluence of superior
sagittal sinus and straight sinus.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Dural venous sinuses:
Transverse:
Begins at confluence of sinuses.
Extends along edges of tentorium
cerebelli.
Right receives blood from superior
sagittal sinus.
Left receives blood from straight sinus.
Meninges: Dura Mater
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Dural venous sinuses:
Sigmoid:
Continuation of straight sinus.
“S”-shaped.
Ends at jugular foramen:
Joins internal jugular vein.
Meninges: Pia Mater
Innermost layer.
 Closely applied to surface of brain.
 Dips into fissures and sulci.
 Forms sheath around blood vessels as
they penetrate surface of brain.
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Meninges: Arachnoid
Intermediate layer.
 Attached to dura mater and pia mater:
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Separated from pia mater via:
Subarachnoid space:
Contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Meninges: Arachnoid
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With many arachnoid villi:
For reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid.
Arachnoid granulations may pit
surrounding bone:
Fovea granulares.
Meninges: Arachnoid
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Subarachnoid cisterns:
Choroid plexuses.
Flow of CSF:
Arachnoid villi.
Arachnoid granulations.
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Hydrocephalous:
Obstructive.
Communicating.