NERVOUS REGULATION

NERVOUS REGULATION  WHAT ARE ALL THE LIFE PROCESSES?

 H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R

 WHICH ONES HAVE WE COVERED?

 H.N.T.R.S.G.E.

 WHAT ARE WE UP TO?

  R  REGULATION / RESPONSE WHAT IS THIS EXACTLY?

 THE ENVIRONMENT, BOTH INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL, IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING…ORGANISMS MUST RESPOND TO THESE CHANGES AND REGULATE/CONTROL THESE RESPONSES ACCORDINGLY

NERVOUS REGULATION  REGULATING AND RESPONDING TO CHANGES REQUIRES THE COORDINATION OF EVERY BODY SYSTEM…BUT THE MAJOR ONES TO CONSIDER ARE THE:    MUSCULOSKELETAL  CHECK NERVOUS  MESSAGES CARRY ENDOCRINE  MESSAGES CHEMICAL

NERVOUS REGULATION  HOW DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WORK?

 THE PATHWAY OF A MESSAGE STIMULUS  RECEPTOR  IMPULSE  EFFECTOR  RESPONSE  DEFINITIONS?

     STIMULUS RECEPTOR IMPULSE EFFECTOR RESPONSE

NERVOUS REGULATION  REVIEW QUESTIONS:  FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF:    LUNGS  ??

KIDNEYS  ??

NERVOUS SYSTEM  ??



NEURONS

!!!

 WHAT’S THE TRICK TO KNOWING HOW SOMETHING FUNCTIONS?

NERVOUS REGULATION  NEURONS

NERVOUS REGULATION      NEURONS   CELL BODY DENDRITES AXON SCHWANN CELLS MYELIN SHEATH TERMINAL BRANCHES  TYPES OF NEURONS    SENSORY INTERNEURON MOTOR NEURON

NERVOUS REGULATION  HOW DO NEURONS FIT INTO THE MESSAGE PATHWAY?

STIMULUS  RECEPTOR  IMPULSE  EFFECTOR  RESPONSE

NERVOUS REGULATION  IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT ADJACENT NEURONS NEVER ACTUALLY TOUCH!!

    INSTEAD THERE IS A

SYNAPSE

!!!

THE GAP, OR SPACE, BETWEEN ADJACENT NEURONS THE MESSAGE MUST BE ABLE TO CROSS THIS GAP!!

WE WILL COME BACK TO THIS SHORTLY!!

NERVOUS REGULATION  UNDERSTANDING THE MESSAGE, OR IMPULSE, INVOLVED IN NERVOUS SYSTEM COMMUNICATION IS VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY, VERY COMPLEX!!

NERVOUS REGULATION  THE NERVE IMPULSE IN SIMPLE TERMS:  A STIMULUS CHANGES THE PERMEABILITY OF THE CELL MEMBRANE, WHICH THEN ALLOWS SODIUM AND POTASSIUM TO CHANGE SIDES WITH REGARD TO THE MEMBRANE, CHANGING THE RELATIVE “CHARGE”…CREATING AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT TRAVELS DOWN THE CELL

NERVOUS REGULATION  SOME COOL STUFF ABOUT NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPULSES  THRESHOLDS  REFRACTORY PERIODS  NEUROTRANSMITTERS  DRUGS!!

NERVOUS REGULATION

NERVOUS REGULATION  NERVOUS REGULATION IN PROTISTS

NERVOUS REGULATION  NERVOUS REGULATION IN HYDRAS  CELLS ARE ALL LINKED TOGETHER FORMING A “NERVE NET”  NO FORMAL SYSTEM

NERVOUS REGULATION  NERVOUS REGULATION IN EARTHWORMS  CENTRAL VS.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM  GANGLIA  MULTIPLE NERVE CELLS THAT FUNCTION SIMILAR TO A BRAIN

NERVOUS REGULATION  NERVOUS REGULATION IN GRASSHOPPERS  SIMILAR TO EARTHWORM  INCORPORATES SOME MORE SPECIAL SENSE ORGANS (EYES, ANTENNAE)

NERVOUS REGULATION  LET’S GET TO THE GOOD STUFF!!

WHAT ABOUT HUMAN BRAINS?!?!?

 CHAPTER 15, HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM…HERE WE COME 