Transcript POLITYKA SPRZYJANIA INWESTYCJOM ZAGRANICZNYM NA …

MONEY
IN RUS, RUSSIA, USSR,
AND ITS FORMER
REPUBLICS
OLD RUSSIAN COINS
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
CURRENCIES OF RUS
1
1
1
grivna
ruble
Novgorod
denga
=
=
=
2
rubles
100
Novgorod
dengas
2
Moscow
dengas
(kopeks)
KOPEK (KOPEYKA)
RUBLE AFTER WORLD WAR I
Siberian ruble (1918–1920)
Harbin ruble (1918–1920)
Latvian ruble (1918–1921)
Turkestani ruble (1918–1922)
Armenian ruble (1918–1922)
Georgian ruble (1919–1921)
ruble of the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
Azerbaijani ruble (1920–1922)
Transcaucasian ruble (1922–1924)
RUBLE IN USSR
Soviet ruble
SUR (1922 – 1992)
transferable ruble
(1964 – 1991)
currency for interbank settlements in member countries
of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance,
Soviet counterpart of Special Drawing Rights –
currency of the International Monetary Fund
RUBLE AND KOPEK
IN OTHER LANGUAGES
рубль
рубель ● рублэ ● rublis ● rubla ● ռուբլի (roubli)
манат ● მანეთი (manati)
сом ● сўм
карбованець
гəпик
тийин ● тиын ● тыйн
капейка ● копійка ● копейкэ
kapeika ● kopikas ● կոպեկ (kopek)
копейка
TRANSITIONAL CURRENCIES
AFTER USSR’S COLLAPSE
Ukrainian karbovanets UAK (1992–1996)
replaced by hryvnia
Lithuanian talonas LTT (1991–1993)
replaced by litas
Latvian rublis LVR (1992–1993)
replaced by lats
Moldovan cupon MDC (1992–1993)
replaced by leu
Georgian kupon lari GEK (1993–1995)
replaced by lari
Tajikistani ruble TJR (1995–2000)
replaced by somoni
HYPERINFLATION
IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 90S
in 1994 prices increased
17 times in Armenia
4 times in Kyrgyzstan
24 times in Belarus
5 times in Russia
23 times in Kazakhstan
29 times in Ukraine
RUBLE AT PRESENT
Russian ruble
RUB (1998 – present), earlier RUR (1992 – 1997)
1 USD ≈ 23,6 RUB
in use also in Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Belarusian ruble
BYR (2000 – present), earlier BYB (1992 – 1999)
1 USD ≈ 2144 BYR
Transnistrian ruble
PRB (1994 – present)
1 USD ≈ 8,5 PRB
CURRENCIES OF
UNRECOGNIZED STATES
Transnistria
Transnistrian ruble (PRB) since 1994
banknotes were printed in Poland until 2004
Nagorno-Karabakh
Armenian dram (AMD) since 1993
Karabakh dram (NKD) since 2005
banknotes were printed in Austria in 2004
Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Russian ruble and Georgian lari are in use
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Chechen nahar (nakhar, naxar)
banknotes were printed in the UK in 1994
OTHER CURRENCIES OF THE
CIS AND THE BALTIC STATES
Azerbaijani manat (AZN) since 1992
Armenian dram (AMD) since 1993
Georgian lari (GEL) since 1995
Kazakhstani tenge (KZT) since 1993
Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) since 1993
Moldovan leu (MDL) since 1993
Tajikistani somoni (TJS) since 2000
Turkmen manat (TMM) since 1993
Uzbekistani som (UZS) since 1993
Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) since 1996
2013
Latvian lats (LVL) since 1993
euro 2010
Lithuanian litas (LTL) since 1993
2011
Estonian kroon (EEK) since 1992
}
UNUSUAL DENOMINATIONS
rubles of RSFSR, “kerenki” (1917–1919)
all denominations: 20, 40, 250, and 1000 rubles
Soviet rubles (different periods)
3, 15, 30, 60, 250, 15 000, 25 000 rubles
Georgian kupons lari (1993–1994)
3, 3 000, 30 000, 150 000 kupons
planned issue of Ukrainian hryvnias (1991)
15 kopeks, 3 and 25 hryvnias
Belarusian rubles (1992–2000)
lowest denomination: 50 kopeks (only notes)
Belarusian rubles (2000–present)
lowest denomination: 1 ruble (only notes)
SOVIET RUBLE
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
(1991)
RUSSIAN RUBLE
obverse: Yaroslavl, monument to Yaroslav the Wise
reverse: Church of Precursor
(2000)
1ST BELARUSIAN RUBLE
(1992)
2ND BELARUSIAN RUBLE
the Radziwiłłs’ Castle in Niasvizh
(2005)
TRANSNISTRIAN RUBLE
generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (2000)
on other notes: Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Taras Shevchenko,
Dimitrie Cantemir, Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, Catherine II
HRYVNIA – 1ST SERIES
Vladimir the Great (1992)
on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise,
Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Franko
HRYVNIA – 2ND SERIES
Vladimir the Great (1994)
on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa,
Ivan Franko, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Taras Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka
HRYVNIA – 3RD SERIES
Vladimir the Great (2004)
on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa,
I. Franko, M. Hrushevsky, T. Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, H. Skovoroda
HRYVNIA – 3RD SERIES
Vladimir the Great (2006)
on other notes: Yaroslav the Wise, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Mazepa,
I. Franko, M. Hrushevsky, T. Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, H. Skovoroda
TURKMEN MANAT
Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow – Türkmenbaşy
(2005)
LEGAL SANCTIONS
FOR MONEY COUNTERFEITING
in USSR
up to death sentence
in Russia
5 to 15 years of imprisonment
in Poland
5 to 15, or 25 years of imprisonment
ANTI-COUNTERFEITING
FEATURES OF RUSSIAN RUBLE
Moiré pattern
(area appears to be one color from one angle, stripes from another angle)
kipp-effect
(hidden image)
watermarks
protection fibers
infrared marks
embossed text
magnetic marks
microperforation
microtext
color shifting ink
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